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  38. <div class="SetPageWrapper"><div class="SetPageWrapper-contentContainer"><div class="SetPageHeaderAdz"><div class="SetPageHeaderAdz-container"><div class="SetPageHeaderAdz-wrapper"><div class="SiteAd SiteAd--SetRectangleHeader SiteAd--RECTANGLE"><div id="dfp-SetRectangleHeader-heading" class="SiteAd-heading"><div class="SiteAd-label">Advertisement</div><div class="SiteAd-removeLink"><a class="UILink" href="/upgrade?source=remove_ads">Upgrade to remove ads</a></div></div><div id="dfp-SetRectangleHeader" class="noprint SiteAd-inner SiteAd-inner--RECTANGLE"><script>QWait('Quizlet.Ads',function(){Quizlet.QAdManager.displayAd('SetRectangleHeader')})</script></div></div></div></div></div><div id="SetPageTarget"><div class="SetPage has-adz"><div class="SetPage-headerWrapper"><div class="SetPage-headerContainer"><div class="SetPageHeader has-adz"><div class="SetPageHeader-container"><div class="UIDiv SetPageHeader-info SetPageHeader-info"><span class="SetPageHeader-termCount">40 terms</span><span class="SetPageHeader-infoDelimiter"></span><div class="SetPageHeader-creator"><div class="UserLink"><div class="UserLink-inner"><div class="UserLink-avatar"><a class="UILink" href="/SchnierDawg" title="Visit SchnierDawg's profile"><span class="UserAvatar" style="background-image:url(/a/i/animals/1.PUcK.jpg);height:16px;width:16px;"></span></a></div><div class="UserLink-content"><a class="UILink" href="/SchnierDawg" title="Visit SchnierDawg's profile"><span class="UserLink-username">SchnierDawg</span></a></div></div></div></div></div><h1 class="UIHeading UIHeading--one">AP Gov Ch. 15-16 Vocab</h1></div></div><div class="SetPage-header"></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-menu"><div class="SetPage-modesWrapper"><div class="SetPage-modesBottomBackground"></div><div class="SetPage-modes"><div class="UIRow"><div class="SetPageModes-group SetPageModes-group--study"><div class="SetPageModes-groupLabel"><h6 class="UIHeading UIHeading--six">STUDY</h6></div><span class="SetPageModes-buttonWrapper"><span class="SetPageModeButton"></span></span><span class="SetPageModes-buttonWrapper"><span class="SetPageModeButton"></span></span><span class="SetPageModes-buttonWrapper"><span class="SetPageModeButton"></span></span><span class="SetPageModes-buttonWrapper"><span class="SetPageModeButton"></span></span><span class="SetPageModes-buttonWrapper"><span class="SetPageModeButton"></span></span></div><div class="SetPageModes-group SetPageModes-group--play"><div class="SetPageModes-groupLabel"><h6 class="UIHeading UIHeading--six">PLAY</h6></div><span class="SetPageModes-buttonWrapper"><span class="SetPageModeButton"></span></span><span class="SetPageModes-buttonWrapper SetPageModes-buttonWrapper--gravity SetPageModes-buttonWrapper--hiddenForMobile"><span class="SetPageModeButton"></span></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="UIDiv SetPage-termsWrapper SetPage-termsWrapper"><div class="UIRow"><div class="SetPage-terms"><div class="SetPage-termsList"><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">bureaucracy</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">a large, complex organization made up of appointed officials</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">government by proxy</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">when state and local govs are hired to staff and administer federal programs</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">laissez-faire</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">a freely competitive economy</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">discretionary authority</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">the ability of officials to make policies that are not spelled out in advance by laws</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">competitive service</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">appointment of officials based on selection criteria devised by the employing agency and OPM</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">name-request job</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">a job to be filled by a person whom a gov agency has already identified by name</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">iron triangle</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">the mutually advantageous relationship among an agency, a committee, and an interest group</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">issue network</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">groups that regularly debate gov policy on subjects such as health care or auto safety</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">authorization legislation</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">legislative permission to begin or continue a government program or agency</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">appropriation</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">a legislative grant of money to finance a gov program</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">trust funds</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">funds such as that of Social Security that operate outside the government budget</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">committee clearance</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">the right of committees to disapprove of certain agency actions</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">legislative veto</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">a requirement that an executive decision lie before Congress for a specified period before it takes effect</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">red tape</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">complex bureaucratic rules and procedures that must be followed to get something done</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">judicial review</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">the power of the courts to determine the constitutionality of legislative and executive acts</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">judicial restraint approach</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">the idea that judges should confine themselves to applying those rules stated in or clearly implied by the language of the Constitution</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">activist approach</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">the idea that judges should amplify the vague language of the Constitution on the basis of their moral or economic philosophy and apply it to the case before them</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">constitutional court</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">a court established under Article III of the Constitution</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">district courts</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">the lowest federal courts; federal trials can only be held here</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">court of appeals</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">federal courts that hear appeals from district courts; no trials</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">legislative courts</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">courts created by Congress for specialized purposes whose judges whose judges do not enjoy the protections of Article III of the Constitution</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">litmus test</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">an examination of the political ideology of a nominated judge</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">federal-question cases</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">cases concerning the Constitution, federal laws, or treaties</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">diversity case</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">litigation in which a citizen of one state sues a citizen of another state and the amount of money in dispute is more $50,000</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">writ of certiorari</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">an decision that permits a case to be heard to be heard by the Supreme Court when four judges approve</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">in forma paupreris</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">a method whereby a poor person can have his or her case heard in federal court without charge</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">fee shifting</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">the practice, authorized by statutes, under which the plaintiff is enabled to collect costs from the defendant if the latter loses</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">plaintiff</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div 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which one who has been injured can bring action on behalf of all similarly situated</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">brief</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">a written statement by an attorney that summarizes a case and the laws and the rulings that support it</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div 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view</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">stare decisis</span></div></div></div><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-definitionText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">&quot;let the decision stand&quot;the rule of precedent</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SetPage-term"><div class="SetPageTerm is-showing"><div class="SetPageTerm-inner"><div class="SetPageTerm-contentWrapper"><div class="SetPageTerm-content"><div class="SetPageTerm-side"><div class="SetPageTerm-sideContent"><div class="SetPageTerm-wordText"><span class="TermText notranslate lang-en">political 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