Silphium Sources

Bailey, N. (2022, September 19). The extinct herb ancient Romans put on everything. Tasting Table. https://www.tastingtable.com/1009648/the-extinct-herb-ancient-romans-put-on-everything/

Christodoulou, M. (2021, July 1). The Herbs that Got Away: Rediscovering Silphium and other missing historical plants – Herbal Academy. Herbal Academy. https://theherbalacademy.com/historical-plants/

Clemens, M., & Clemens, M. (2016, February 4). Silphium, the ancient contraceptive herb driven to extinction. Ancient Origins Reconstructing the Story of Humanity’s Past. https://www.ancient-origins.net/artifacts-ancient-technology/silphium-ancient-contraceptive-herb-driven-extinction-002268

Division of Plant Sciences, [email protected]. (n.d.). The intriguing disappearance of Silphium (David Trinklein). https://ipm.missouri.edu/MEG/2022/9/silphium-DT/

Gorvett, Z. (2022, February 24). The mystery of the lost Roman herb. BBC Future. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20170907-the-mystery-of-the-lost-roman-herb

Mark, J. J. (2023). Theophrastus and Pliny the elder on Silphium. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2252/theophrastus-and-pliny-the-elder-on-silphium/

McDaniel, S. (2020, August 1). No, the Ancient Romans Didn’t Overharvest Silphium to Extinction Because It Was a Highly Effective Contraceptive. Tales of Times Forgotten. https://talesoftimesforgotten.com/2020/01/04/no-the-ancient-romans-didnt-overharvest-silphium-to-extinction-because-it-was-a-highly-effective-contraceptive/

Myhrvold, N. (2015, July 23). Marcus Gavius Apicius | Gourmet Cooking, Roman Cuisine & Epicureanism. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marcus-Gavius-Apicius

Puiu, T. (2023, May 1). Silphium: the lost ancient world’s herbal birth control — 2,500 years before modern contraceptives. ZME Science. https://www.zmescience.com/feature-post/natural-sciences/biology-reference/plants-fungi/silphium-the-lost-ancient-worlds-herbal-birth-control-2500-years-before-modern-contraceptives/

Serena, K. (2022, October 18). Silphium, the ancient “Miracle plant” rediscovered in Turkey. All That’s Interesting. https://allthatsinteresting.com/silphium

Soranus Gynecology : Temkin, Owsei : Free download, borrow, and streaming : Internet Archive. (1956). Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.547535/page/n115/mode/2up

Wikipedia contributors. (2024, January 13). Silphium. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silphium