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TV and SNES standards & timing v1.00

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  1. TV and SNES standards & timing v1.00
  2. ------------------------------------
  3. 2018-08-14 creaothceann
  4.  
  5.  
  6. ms = milliseconds = 1 second / 1,000
  7. µs = microseconds = 1 second / 1,000,000
  8. ns = nanoseconds = 1 second / 1,000,000,000
  9.  
  10.  
  11. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  12. area NTSC PAL
  13. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  14. whole scanline 63.{5} μs 64.00 μs
  15. whole blanking period 10.90 μs 12.05 μs
  16. front porch 01.50 μs 01.65 μs
  17. h-sync pulse (start of line) 04.70 μs 04.70 μs
  18. back porch 04.70 μs 05.70 μs
  19. breezway 00.60 µs 05.60 µs
  20. color burst 02.50 µs (9±1 cycles) 2.255... µs (10±1 cycles)
  21. rest of back porch 01.60 µs ?
  22. active display period (ADP) 52.6{5} µs 51.95 μs
  23. (ADP when digitizing) 52.{148} µs ?
  24.  
  25.  
  26. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  27. b&w NTSC: definition value notes
  28. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  29. audio carrier frequency 4,500,000 4,500,000 222.{2} ns per cycle
  30. field frequency power line frequency 60 aka "mains" / "utility" line frequency
  31. frame duration 1 / frame frequency 33.{3} ms -
  32. frame frequency field frequency / 2 30 -
  33. luma carrier frequency 4,200,000 4,200,000 238.{095238} ns per cycle
  34. scanline duration 1 / scanline frequency 63.{492063} µs -
  35. scanline frequency frame frequency * scanlines per frame 15,750 -
  36. scanlines (invisible) [ 1 .. 21 ] [262.5 .. 282.5] 42 -
  37. scanlines (visible) [22 .. 262.5] [282.5 .. 525 ] 483 -
  38. scanlines per frame 3 * 5 * 5 * 7 525 incl. vert. blanking; odd number => interlacing
  39.  
  40.  
  41. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  42. color NTSC: definition value notes
  43. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  44. active picture area scanline duration - 10.9 µs 52.6{5} µs -
  45. audio carrier frequency 4,500,000 4,500,000 222.{2} ns per cycle
  46. color subcarrier frequency 227.5 * scanline frequency 3,579,545.{45} implemented as 5 * 7 * 9 / 88 * 1,000,000
  47. field frequency frame frequency * 2 59.{940059} b&w field frequency / 1.001
  48. frame duration 1 / frame frequency 33.3{6} ms b&w frame duration * 1.001
  49. frame frequency scanline frequency / lines per frame 29.{970029} b&w frame frequency / 1.001
  50. luma carrier frequency 4,200,000 4,200,000 238.{095238} ns per cycle
  51. scanline duration 1 / scanline frequency 63.{5} µs 572 / 9 µs or 1,365 NTSC SNES master clock cycles
  52. scanline frequency audio carrier / 286 15,734.{265734} (286 avoids interference between audio & color) (also color subcarrier * 2 / 455)
  53. scanlines (invisible) [ 1 .. 21 ] [262.5 .. 282.5] 42 -
  54. scanlines (visible) [22 .. 262.5] [282.5 .. 525 ] 483 -
  55. scanlines per frame 3 * 5 * 5 * 7 525 incl. vert. blanking; odd number => interlacing
  56.  
  57.  
  58. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  59. NTSC SNES: definition value notes
  60. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  61. active picture area scanline duration - horz. blanking ? -
  62. audio carrier frequency 4,500,000 4,500,000 222.{2} ns per cycle
  63. dots per line 340 (simplified) 340 incl. horz. blanking
  64. frame duration (interlaced) 525 * scanline duration 716,100 master clock cycles ca. 29.992 fps
  65. frame duration (progressive) 524 * scanline duration 714,736 master clock cycles ca. 30.049 fps
  66. luma carrier frequency 4,200,000 238.{095238} ns per cycle
  67. master clock cycles per dot 4 4 -
  68. master clock frequency 6 * color subcarrier frequency 21,477,272.{72} ca. 46.{560846} ns per cycle
  69. scanline duration 1,364 master clock cycles (simplified) 63.5{089947} µs incl. horz. blanking
  70. scanlines (interlaced) NTSC scanlines (interlaced) 525 odd number => interlacing
  71. scanlines (progr., invisible) [ 1 .. 21] [263 .. 283] 40 -
  72. scanlines (progr., visible) [22 .. 262] [284 .. 524] 482 even number => progressive
  73.  
  74.  
  75. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  76. PAL: definition value notes
  77. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  78. active picture area scanline duration - horz. blanking 51.95 μs -
  79. audio carrier frequency ? ? -
  80. color subcarrier frequency scanline frequency * 283.7516 4,433,618.75 ca. 225.549 ns per cycle
  81. field frequency power line frequency 50 aka "utility line" frequency
  82. frame frequency field frequency / 2 25 -
  83. luma carrier frequency ? ? -
  84. scanline duration 1 / scanline frequency 64 µs 1702.5096 PAL SNES master clock cycles
  85. scanline frequency frame frequency * scanlines per frame 15,625 -
  86. scanlines (invisible) [ 1 .. 23.5] [311 .. 318.5] [623.5 .. 625] -
  87. scanlines (visible) [23.5 .. 310 ] [318.5 .. 623.5] -
  88. scanlines per frame 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 625 incl. vert. blanking; odd number => interlacing
  89.  
  90.  
  91. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  92. PAL SNES: definition value notes
  93. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  94. active picture area ? ? -
  95. audio carrier frequency ? ? -
  96. dots per line 341 incl. horz. blanking
  97. frame duration (interlaced) 625 * scanline duration 1,065,625 master clock cycles ca. 24.963 fps
  98. frame duration (progressive) 624 * scanline duration 1,063,920 master clock cycles ca. 25.003 fps
  99. luma carrier frequency ? ? -
  100. master clock cycles per dot 5 5 -
  101. master clock frequency 6 * color subcarrier frequency 26,601,712.5 ca. 37.5915648 ns per cycle
  102. scanline duration dots per line * master clock cycles per dot 1,705 master clock cycles longer than standard PAL scanlines
  103. scanlines (interlaced) PAL scanlines per frame 625 odd number => interlacing
  104. scanlines (progressive) PAL scanlines per frame - 1 624 even number => progressive
  105.  
  106.  
  107. Note: koitsu reports 21.28137 MHz for the PAL master clock frequency: http://forums.nesdev.com/viewtopic.php?f=12&t=5367&sid=ec2f92fa3f1b09d153fa0e52434df972
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