USS Pensacola, ACR-14

USS Pennsacola, American Pennsacola-class Large Armored Cruiser laid down 1905 (Engine 1906)

Displacement:
	16,376 t light; 17,048 t standard; 17,846 t normal; 18,484 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
	(520.00 ft / 505.00 ft) x 76.00 ft x (27.26 / 28.06 ft)
	(158.50 m / 153.92 m) x 23.16 m  x (8.31 / 8.55 m)

Armament:
      4 - 10.00" / 254 mm 40.0 cal guns - 510.00lbs / 231.33kg shells, 72 per gun
	  Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1905 Model
	  2 x Twin mounts on centreline, evenly spread
      16 - 6.00" / 152 mm 50.0 cal guns - 105.01lbs / 47.63kg shells, 200 per gun
	  Breech loading guns in casemate mounts, 1905 Model
	  16 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      22 - 3.00" / 76.2 mm 50.0 cal guns - 13.10lbs / 5.94kg shells, 250 per gun
	  Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1905 Model
	  22 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
		8 raised mounts
      12 - 1.85" / 47.0 mm 40.0 cal guns - 3.31lbs / 1.50kg shells, 300 per gun
	  Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1905 Model
	  12 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      Weight of broadside 4,048 lbs / 1,836 kg
      Main Torpedoes
      12 - 21.0" / 533 mm, 16.42 ft / 5.00 m torpedoes - 0.959 t each, 11.510 t total
	submerged bow & stern tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Main:	6.00" / 152 mm	381.28 ft / 116.21 m	10.46 ft / 3.19 m
	Ends:	3.00" / 76 mm	123.71 ft / 37.71 m	10.46 ft / 3.19 m
	Upper:	5.00" / 127 mm	381.28 ft / 116.21 m	8.00 ft / 2.44 m
	  Main Belt covers 116 % of normal length
	  Main Belt inclined 30.00 degrees (positive = in)

   - Torpedo Bulkhead - Additional damage containing bulkheads:
		3.70" / 94 mm	381.28 ft / 116.21 m	25.67 ft / 7.82 m
	Beam between torpedo bulkheads 66.00 ft / 20.12 m

   - Hull void:
		0.00" / 0 mm	  0.00 ft / 0.00 m	0.00 ft / 0.00 m

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	9.00" / 229 mm	4.50" / 114 mm		7.00" / 178 mm
	2nd:	5.00" / 127 mm	0.50" / 13 mm		2.00" / 51 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks:
	For and Aft decks: 2.00" / 51 mm
	Forecastle: 0.25" / 6 mm  Quarter deck: 0.25" / 6 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 7.00" / 178 mm, Aft 4.00" / 102 mm

Machinery:
	Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
	Direct drive, 2 shafts, 32,000 ihp / 23,872 Kw = 22.09 kts
	Range 4,200nm at 10.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 1,436 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
	771 - 1,003

Cost:
	£1.488 million / $5.951 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 778 tons, 4.4 %
	   - Guns: 755 tons, 4.2 %
	   - Weapons: 23 tons, 0.1 %
	Armour: 4,981 tons, 27.9 %
	   - Belts: 1,786 tons, 10.0 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 1,340 tons, 7.5 %
	   - Armament: 756 tons, 4.2 %
	   - Armour Deck: 936 tons, 5.2 %
	   - Conning Towers: 162 tons, 0.9 %
	Machinery: 4,571 tons, 25.6 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 5,797 tons, 32.5 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,470 tons, 8.2 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 250 tons, 1.4 %
	   - Hull below water: 60 tons
	   - Hull void weights: 60 tons
	   - Hull above water: 60 tons
	   - On freeboard deck: 40 tons
	   - Above deck: 30 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  24,998 lbs / 11,339 Kg = 50.0 x 10.0 " / 254 mm shells or 4.4 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.34
	Metacentric height 5.6 ft / 1.7 m
	Roll period: 13.5 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 70 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.51
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 2.00

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has a flush deck,
	  a ram bow and a cruiser stern
	Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.597 / 0.601
	Length to Beam Ratio: 6.64 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 22.47 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 50 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 35
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -7.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: 5.00 ft / 1.52 m
	Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
				Fore end,	 Aft end
	   - Forecastle:	12.25 %,  33.00 ft / 10.06 m,  32.50 ft / 9.91 m
	   - Forward deck:	37.75 %,  32.50 ft / 9.91 m,  32.50 ft / 9.91 m
	   - Aft deck:	37.75 %,  32.50 ft / 9.91 m,  32.50 ft / 9.91 m
	   - Quarter deck:	12.25 %,  32.50 ft / 9.91 m,  32.50 ft / 9.91 m
	   - Average freeboard:		32.52 ft / 9.91 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 116.1 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 224.8 %
	Waterplane Area: 27,992 Square feet or 2,601 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 105 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 120 lbs/sq ft or 584 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.84
		- Longitudinal: 4.97
		- Overall: 1.00
	Cramped machinery, storage, compartmentation space
	Excellent accommodation and workspace room
	Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
	Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

Lead ship of the Pennsacola-class large armored cruisers, of which only one (USS Pennsacola, ACR-14 herself) was built. Much like USS Olympia, she was built to serve as a commerce raider, and functioned as a precursor to both the battlecruiser and fast battleship concepts being developed at the time. Despite this, her relatively slow speed for a cruiser of the era, combined with the size and complexity of her power plant, which lead to significant maintenance issues in testing, resulted in no further ships of the class being authorized. Decommissioned and struck from the Naval Registry to make way for the Pensacola-class heavy cruisers.