import qualified Data.Set.Monad as S

fix f init = until (\x -> x == f x) f init
close rstar = fix (\s -> s `S.union` (rstar s))
rstar g s = do { x <- s; (x, y) <- g; pure y }
reachable g = close (rstar g)

-- g1 = S.fromList [(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (4, 1)]
-- reachable g1 (S.singleton 1) == S.fromList [1, 2, 3]