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- Greg Malivuk
- http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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- Homework: p. 340-342, reading and questions (Warning: it's a sad story about a young boy dying)
- part A
- 1 g
- 2 e
- 3 f
- 4 j
- 5 a "pedal to the metal"
- 6 b
- 7 i
- 8 h
- 9 d
- 10 c
- outdistance: to go farther than another thing
- poured out their emotions: became very (openly) emotional
- part B
- 1 boot
- 2 bandits' / criminals' / other
- 3 driver's
- 4 coma
- 5 transplant
- 6 moved
- 7 mistake
- 8 trial
- irony: when things turn out to be the opposite of what's expected
- verbal irony, dramatic irony, "cosmic" irony
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- clause: a group of words with a subject and verb
- phrase: a group of words that isn't a clause
- While they were in Italy, they had trouble. (adverb clause)
- While in Italy, they had trouble. (adverb phrase)
- In Italy, they had trouble. (prepositional phrase)
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- p. 346 exercise 1B
- 1 N - "Having spent" = they already finished the day exploring
- 2 Y
- 3 Y
- 4 N - "Having shattered" = windows shattered first
- 5 N
- 6 Y
- 7 Y
- 8 Y
- Before, After, (When), While, Since = keep the same word in the adverb phrase
- (if "when" = "at the same time", keep "when")
- If "when" = "a little bit after", use "on" or "upon".
- When opening the door = While opening the door
- Upon opening the door = After opening the door
- Opening the door, Reg saw blood oozing from the back of Nicholas's head.
- Traveling in Italy, the Green's had a serious problem. = at the same time
- Arriving back in the US, they had a funeral for their son. = a little bit after
- Not knowing what to do, Reg carefully weighed the options. = because
- - We (hopefully) know from the context of the actions, whether it happened at the same time or a bit after, or was the reason.
- * Watching TV, the telephone rang. = The telephone was watching TV.
- Watching TV, Sam called me on the phone. = Sam was watching TV.
- While I was watching TV, Sam called me on the phone. = I was watching TV.
- (This cannot be shortened, because the subjects of the two clauses are different.)
- I expect to pass this class. = I expect that I will pass.
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- passive = [be] + past participle
- Because it was seen by over 10 million people, ...
- Being seen by over 10 million people, ... (not common)
- Seen by over 10 million people, the movie had a very successful weekend.
- Would you do the same, if you were given the chance?
- Would you do the same, being given the chance? (not common)
- Would you do the same, given the chance?
- Because they were impressed by the boy, they decided to buy a guidebook.
- Being impressed by the boy, they decided to buy a guidebook.
- Impressed by the boy, they decided to buy a guidebook.
- As they came out of the station, the tourists saw a boy selling guidebooks.
- Coming out of the station, the tourists saw a boy selling guidebooks.
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- perfect = [have] + past participle
- It means this action happened before other actions.
- Having exchanged their money, they went back to find the boy.
- = First they exchanged their money, then they went back.
- (Exchanging their money is completed before the other action begins.)
- Having melted the butter, add it to the eggs and flour.
- = After you have melted the butter, add it to the eggs and flour.
- (Add it to the other ingredients once the melting action is completed.)
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- In speaking (and informal writing, such as text messages), we can leave out the subject and auxiliary verb(s) even when it would be incorrect in formal writing:
- (Have you) got milk?
- (Did you) forget something?
- (Did you have a) late night?
- (You) forgot your password?
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