2015-09-09 Core: 9 passive voice

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
(This is the Core class.)
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p. 105 - Trade
“buy/sell/trade”
buy: you give someone money and get some things
sell: you give someone things and get some money
trade (v): you give someone one thing and they give you another thing

trade (n): the exchange of goods, services, and money
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part 3 - discuss the questions in pairs
gadgets: small things (maybe electronic), for a specific purpose
toiletries: stuff you use for personal hygiene, which is not cosmetics (toothbrush, toothpaste, soap, lotion, shaving equipment, etc.)
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p. 108 part 1 - ask your partner these questions about 2-3 items your partner has right now
1 It was made in China.
2 It was made by Chinese factory workers.
3 It was made by machine in a factory.
4 It got to the store by train, ship, and truck. (It was transported by…)
(“shipping” means the general transportation of goods from one place to another, not always by ship)
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myself	ourselves
yourself	yourselves
himself
herself	themselves
itself
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p. 109 - decide which reviews (A-E) go with which product from the website (1-4)
A - 2
B - (about clothes)
C - 3
D - 1
E - 4
exploit: to use for your own benefit, but without caring about the workers or environment
(You can exploit people or natural resources, and it’s usually negative in both situations.)
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Passive voice: the focus is on the thing that received an action (not the thing that did the action)
“The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.” - If we’re standing in front of the painting, then that is the focus of my sentences.

all passive constructions include [be] + past participle at the end.
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BREAK
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We can use the passive in all tenses:
All profits are donated to children’s charities. (The company donates the profits.)
Profits from the flowers will be used to support school projects.
It might have been made in China, but I’m not sure.
A new factory is being designed by my company right now.

It is NOT common to use the passive voice in perfect continuous sentences.
“The factory has been being designed for six months.” (“been being” sounds bad)
(One solution is to just use active voice: They have been designing the factory for six months.)
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Some verbs cannot be used in the passive.

I killed the spider in my room. -> The spider in my room was killed.
(The object of an active sentence becomes the subject of a passive sentence.)

The spider in my room died. (Can’t make passive, because there’s no object.)

Intransitive verbs (verbs without an object) cannot be used in the passive voice.
(Active sentences without verb objects cannot become passive sentences.)
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Tom gave Mary the book. = Tom gave the book to Mary.
-> Mary was given the book (by Tom).
-> The book was given to Mary (by Tom).

Greg teaches the students English. = Greg teaches English to the students.
-> The students are taught English (by Greg).
-> English is taught (to the students) (by Greg).
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Just to warn you, he dies at the end of the movie. (we use present tense to talk about stories)
He is killed at the end of the movie.
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p. 109 part 7 - choose the correct options to complete the paragraph
1 is paid
2 are taken
3 have been weighed
4 get (like “receive”)
5 are using
6 is being reviewed
7 will be contracted (= will be hired)
8 can be packed and sold
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p. 109 part 8 - write the correct (passive) form of each verb, and try to guess which information is correct
1 have been sold - Nokia 1101 cell phones
2 has been adapted - Tetris
3 has been translated - Agatha Christie
4 was nominated - The Color Purple
5 is worn / is being worn - Ralph Lauren
6 has been viewed (because we can still watch it) - Justin Bieber
7 were downloaded - Call of Duty
8 was bought - Picasso
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Homework: p. 162 practice 2 and read the article on p. 111 and look up words you don’t know