1866 HMS Sovereign

HMS Sovereign, Britain Masted Turret Ship laid down 1866
Armoured Corvette (Broadside ironclad)

Displacement:
	7,268 t light; 7,543 t standard; 8,491 t normal; 9,250 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
	(380.00 ft / 360.00 ft) x 56.00 ft x (26.00 / 27.91 ft)
	(115.82 m / 109.73 m) x 17.07 m  x (7.92 / 8.51 m)

Armament:
      4 - 12.00" / 305 mm 12.0 cal guns - 600.01lbs / 272.16kg shells, 60 per gun
	  Muzzle loading guns in Coles/Ericsson turret mounts, 1866 Model
	  2 x Twin mounts on sides, aft deck centre
      6 - 6.30" / 160 mm 15.5 cal guns - 64.00lbs / 29.03kg shells, 120 per gun
	  Muzzle loading guns in broadside mounts, 1866 Model
	  6 x Single mounts on sides, forward evenly spread
      Weight of broadside 2,784 lbs / 1,263 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Main:	10.0" / 254 mm	  83.50 ft / 25.45 m	16.00 ft / 4.88 m
	Ends:	10.0" / 254 mm	  40.00 ft / 12.19 m	24.00 ft / 7.32 m
	  236.50 ft / 72.09 m Unarmoured ends
	Upper:	6.00" / 152 mm	  80.00 ft / 24.38 m	8.00 ft / 2.44 m
	  Main Belt covers 36 % of normal length
	  Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead - Strengthened structural bulkheads:
		1.00" / 25 mm	240.00 ft / 73.15 m	22.03 ft / 6.71 m
	Beam between torpedo bulkheads 50.00 ft / 15.24 m

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	11.0" / 279 mm	7.00" / 178 mm		      -

   - Protected deck - single deck:
	For and Aft decks: 2.00" / 51 mm
	Forecastle: 2.00" / 51 mm  Quarter deck: 2.00" / 51 mm

Machinery:
	Coal fired boilers, simple reciprocating steam engines,
	Direct drive, 1 shaft, 4,687 ihp / 3,497 Kw = 13.80 kts
	Range 8,000nm at 6.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 1,707 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
	441 - 574

Cost:
	£0.500 million / $2.000 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 138 tons, 1.6 %
	   - Guns: 138 tons, 1.6 %
	Armour: 2,417 tons, 28.5 %
	   - Belts: 1,389 tons, 16.4 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 196 tons, 2.3 %
	   - Armament: 313 tons, 3.7 %
	   - Armour Deck: 519 tons, 6.1 %
	Machinery: 1,260 tons, 14.8 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 3,323 tons, 39.1 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,224 tons, 14.4 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 130 tons, 1.5 %
	   - Hull below water: 50 tons
	   - On freeboard deck: 40 tons
	   - Above deck: 40 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  8,746 lbs / 3,967 Kg = 15.8 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 2.6 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.24
	Metacentric height 3.1 ft / 0.9 m
	Roll period: 13.4 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 88 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.76
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.76

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has raised forecastle, rise aft of midbreak,
	  a ram bow and a round stern
	Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.567 / 0.575
	Length to Beam Ratio: 6.43 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 18.97 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 34 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -5.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: 5.00 ft / 1.52 m
	Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
				Fore end,	 Aft end
	   - Forecastle:	5.00 %,  22.00 ft / 6.71 m,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
	   - Forward deck:	60.00 %,  12.00 ft / 3.66 m,  12.00 ft / 3.66 m
	   - Aft deck:	30.00 %,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
	   - Quarter deck:	5.00 %,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m,  20.00 ft / 6.10 m
	   - Average freeboard:		15.24 ft / 4.65 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 65.0 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 88.1 %
	Waterplane Area: 13,906 Square feet or 1,292 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 148 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 153 lbs/sq ft or 748 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.89
		- Longitudinal: 2.64
		- Overall: 1.00
	Excellent machinery, storage, compartmentation space
	Cramped accommodation and workspace room
	Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
	Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

4x 12 inch RML 25 ton gun
6x RML 64-pdr gun

40 tons above deck - Four-masted Barque Rig
40 tons on deck - additional deckhouses for more accomodation space
50 tons below water - Cellulose-filled cofferdam

End Belts represent bow shield/conning tower and stern shield. Stern shield has five gunports, three aft and one each side; guns may be moved from the forward deckhouse to the stern in a chase action if necessary.

Main belt is the central citadel, 108' long, with 10" sides (600t) and 6" transverse bulkheads (200t), total weight 800 tons.

Upper belt covers 120' x 20' gunhouse on the foredeck extending to the bow shield.
Gunhouse contains 6 guns and has 14 gunports - six on each side and two forward.

Gun turrets have roughly 170+90 and 160+90 degree firing arcs respectively; both can fire directly forward. Gun turrets have 12" faces, 10" sides and rear, and 2" roofs.

Main protected deck is 4' below water, to preserve the watertight integrity of the underwater sections. The hull outside the citadel is otherwise unarmoured; the waterline is protected by a cellulose sandwich to mitigate flooding, followed by 8' of coal bunkers.