1908 CN Zhèng Hǎi

正海 (Zhèng Hǎi), China Armoured Cruiser laid down 1908

Displacement:
	4,052 t light; 4,303 t standard; 5,000 t normal; 5,557 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
	(396.98 ft / 393.70 ft) x 45.93 ft x (16.40 / 17.89 ft)
	(121.00 m / 120.00 m) x 14.00 m  x (5.00 / 5.45 m)

Armament:
      2 - 7.48" / 190 mm 42.0 cal guns - 213.85lbs / 97.00kg shells, 100 per gun
	  Breech loading guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1908 Model
	  2 x Single mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
		1 raised mount - superfiring
      10 - 5.87" / 149 mm 45.0 cal guns - 99.87lbs / 45.30kg shells, 150 per gun
	  Quick firing guns in casemate mounts, 1908 Model
	  10 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      10 - 4.13" / 105 mm 45.0 cal guns - 35.62lbs / 16.16kg shells, 220 per gun
	  Quick firing guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1908 Model
	  8 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
		8 raised mounts
	  2 x Single mounts on centreline, aft evenly spread
		2 raised mounts
      4 - 0.31" / 8.0 mm 90.0 cal guns - 0.02lbs / 0.01kg shells, 5,000 per gun
	  Machine guns in deck mounts, 1908 Model
	  4 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
		4 double raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 1,783 lbs / 809 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Main:	3.15" / 80 mm	291.34 ft / 88.80 m	7.22 ft / 2.20 m
	Ends:	1.18" / 30 mm	102.33 ft / 31.19 m	7.22 ft / 2.20 m
	  Main Belt covers 114 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead - Strengthened structural bulkheads:
		0.79" / 20 mm	291.34 ft / 88.80 m	15.39 ft / 4.69 m
	Beam between torpedo bulkheads 42.65 ft / 13.00 m

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	3.94" / 100 mm	1.97" / 50 mm		1.97" / 50 mm
	2nd:	1.97" / 50 mm	      -			      -
	3rd:	1.97" / 50 mm	      -			      -

   - Protected deck - multiple decks:
	For and Aft decks: 2.36" / 60 mm
	Forecastle: 0.79" / 20 mm  Quarter deck: 0.79" / 20 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 3.94" / 100 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
	Coal fired boilers, reciprocating cruising steam engines and steam turbines
	Direct drive, 4 shafts, 18,210 ihp / 13,585 Kw = 23.00 kts
	Range 4,000nm at 14.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 1,255 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
	296 - 386

Cost:
	£0.436 million / $1.744 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 372 tons, 7.4 %
	   - Guns: 372 tons, 7.4 %
	Armour: 1,113 tons, 22.3 %
	   - Belts: 303 tons, 6.1 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 131 tons, 2.6 %
	   - Armament: 124 tons, 2.5 %
	   - Armour Deck: 530 tons, 10.6 %
	   - Conning Tower: 25 tons, 0.5 %
	Machinery: 1,256 tons, 25.1 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 1,312 tons, 26.2 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 948 tons, 19.0 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  4,807 lbs / 2,180 Kg = 23.0 x 7.5 " / 190 mm shells or 1.1 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.29
	Metacentric height 2.5 ft / 0.8 m
	Roll period: 12.3 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 53 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.66
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.06

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has raised forecastle,
	  a ram bow and a cruiser stern
	Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.590 / 0.601
	Length to Beam Ratio: 8.57 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 19.84 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 54 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -10.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
	Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
				Fore end,	 Aft end
	   - Forecastle:	15.00 %,  19.69 ft / 6.00 m,  19.69 ft / 6.00 m
	   - Forward deck:	30.00 %,  11.48 ft / 3.50 m,  11.48 ft / 3.50 m
	   - Aft deck:	44.00 %,  11.48 ft / 3.50 m,  11.48 ft / 3.50 m
	   - Quarter deck:	11.00 %,  11.48 ft / 3.50 m,  11.48 ft / 3.50 m
	   - Average freeboard:		12.71 ft / 3.88 m
	Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 112.7 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 96.8 %
	Waterplane Area: 13,102 Square feet or 1,217 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 105 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 84 lbs/sq ft or 409 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.96
		- Longitudinal: 1.35
		- Overall: 1.00
	Cramped machinery, storage, compartmentation space
	Adequate accommodation and workspace room

19 cm/42 Skoda - 2x1 4rpm [email protected], more than 16km@30 deg
15 cm/45 SK L/45 - 10x1 7rpm 14.9km@20deg
10.5 cm/45 SK L/45 - 10x1 15rpm 12.7km@30deg
MG08 - 4x1 600rpm 3.5km

20mm armoured deck over entire ship
40mm protected deck over citadel

9000nmi range @ 10 knots
100t - flag facilities

Reliable and easy to maintain VTE can do 14 knots, so engineering casaulty won't cripple her at a stroke.