/**
 * A program to carry on conversations with a human user.
 * This version:
 *<ul><li>
 * 		Uses advanced search for keywords
 *</li><li>
 * 		Will transform statements as well as react to keywords
 *</li></ul>
 * @author Laurie White
 * @version April 2012
 *
 */
public class Magpie4
{
	/**
	 * Get a default greeting
	 * @return a greeting
	 */
	public String getGreeting()
	{
		return "Hello, let's talk.";
	}

	/**
	 * Gives a response to a user statement
	 *
	 * @param statement
	 *            the user statement
	 * @return a response based on the rules given
	 */
	public String getResponse(String statement)
	{
		String response = "";
		if (statement.length() == 0)
		{
			response = "Say something, please.";
		}

		else if (findKeyword(statement, "no") >= 0)
		{
			response = "Why so negative?";
		}
		else if (findKeyword(statement, "mother") >= 0
				|| findKeyword(statement, "father") >= 0
				|| findKeyword(statement, "sister") >= 0
				|| findKeyword(statement, "brother") >= 0)
		{
			response = "Tell me more about your family.";
		}

		// Responses which require transformations
		else if (findKeyword(statement, "I want to", 0) >= 0)
		{
			response = transformIWantToStatement(statement);
		}
		else if (findKeyword(statement, "I want", 0) >= 0)
		{
			response = transformIWantStatement(statement);
		}

		else
		{
			// Look for a two word (you <something> me)
			// pattern
			int psn = findKeyword(statement, "you", 0);

			if (psn >= 0
					&& findKeyword(statement, "me", psn) >= 0)
			{
				response = transformYouMeStatement(statement);
			}

		else
		{
			// Part of student solution
			// Look for a two word (I <something> you)
			// pattern
			psn = findKeyword(statement, "i", 0);
			if (psn >= 0 && findKeyword(statement, "you", psn) >= 0)
			{
				response = transformIYouStatement(statement);
			}
			else
			{
				response = getRandomResponse();
			}
		}
		}
return response;
	}

	/**
	 * Take a statement with "I want to <something>." and transform it into
	 * "What would it mean to <something>?"
	 * @param statement the user statement, assumed to contain "I want to"
	 * @return the transformed statement
	 */
	private String transformIWantToStatement(String statement)
	{
		//  Remove the final period, if there is one
		statement = statement.trim();
		String lastChar = statement.substring(statement
				.length() - 1);
		if (lastChar.equals("."))
		{
			statement = statement.substring(0, statement
					.length() - 1);
		}
		int psn = findKeyword (statement, "I want to", 0);
		String restOfStatement = statement.substring(psn + 6).trim();
		return "What would it mean to " + restOfStatement + "?";
	}
	private String transformIWantStatement(String statement)
	{
		statement = statement.trim();
		String lastChar = statement.substring(statement.length() - 1);
		if (lastChar.equals("."))
		{
			statement = statement.substring(0, statement.length() - 1);
		}
		int psn = findKeyword(statement, "I want", 0);
		String restOfStatement = statement.substring(psn + 7).trim();
		return "Would you be happy if you had " + restOfStatement + "?";
	}


	/**
	 * Take a statement with "you <something> me" and transform it into
	 * "What makes you think that I <something> you?"
	 * @param statement the user statement, assumed to contain "you" followed by "me"
	 * @return the transformed statement
	 */

	private String transformYouMeStatement(String statement)
	{
		//  Remove the final period, if there is one
		statement = statement.trim();
		String lastChar = statement.substring(statement
				.length() - 1);
		if (lastChar.equals("."))
		{
			statement = statement.substring(0, statement
					.length() - 1);
		}

		int psnOfYou = findKeyword (statement, "you", 0);
		int psnOfMe = findKeyword (statement, "me", psnOfYou + 3);

		String restOfStatement = statement.substring(psnOfYou + 3, psnOfMe).trim();
		return "What makes you think that I " + restOfStatement + " you?";
	}
	private String transformIYouStatement(String statement)
	{
		statement = statement.trim();
		String lastChar = statement.substring(statement
				.length() - 1);
		if (lastChar.equals("."))
		{
			statement = statement.substring(0, statement
					.length() - 1);
		}
		int psnOfI =findKeyword (statement, "I", 0);
		int psnOfYou =findKeyword (statement, "you", psnOfI+1);

		String restOfStatement = statement.substring(psnOfI + 1,psnOfYou).trim();
		return "Why do you " + restOfStatement + " me?";
	}




	/**
	 * Search for one word in phrase. The search is not case
	 * sensitive. This method will check that the given goal
	 * is not a substring of a longer string (so, for
	 * example, "I know" does not contain "no").
	 *
	 * @param statement
	 *            the string to search
	 * @param goal
	 *            the string to search for
	 * @param startPos
	 *            the character of the string to begin the
	 *            search at
	 * @return the index of the first occurrence of goal in
	 *         statement or -1 if it's not found
	 */
	private int findKeyword(String statement, String goal,
			int startPos)
	{
		String phrase = statement.trim().toLowerCase();
		goal = goal.toLowerCase();

		// The only change to incorporate the startPos is in
		// the line below
		int psn = phrase.indexOf(goal, startPos);

		// Refinement--make sure the goal isn't part of a
		// word
		while (psn >= 0)
		{
			// Find the string of length 1 before and after
			// the word
			String before = " ", after = " ";
			if (psn > 0)
			{
				before = phrase.substring(psn - 1, psn);
			}
			if (psn + goal.length() < phrase.length())
			{
				after = phrase.substring(
						psn + goal.length(),
						psn + goal.length() + 1);
			}

			// If before and after aren't letters, we've
			// found the word
			if (((before.compareTo("a") < 0) || (before
					.compareTo("z") > 0)) // before is not a
											// letter
					&& ((after.compareTo("a") < 0) || (after
							.compareTo("z") > 0)))
			{
				return psn;
			}

			// The last position didn't work, so let's find
			// the next, if there is one.
			psn = phrase.indexOf(goal, psn + 1);

		}

		return -1;
	}

	/**
	 * Search for one word in phrase.  The search is not case sensitive.
	 * This method will check that the given goal is not a substring of a longer string
	 * (so, for example, "I know" does not contain "no").  The search begins at the beginning of the string.
	 * @param statement the string to search
	 * @param goal the string to search for
	 * @return the index of the first occurrence of goal in statement or -1 if it's not found
	 */
	private int findKeyword(String statement, String goal)
	{
		return findKeyword (statement, goal, 0);
	}



	/**
	 * Pick a default response to use if nothing else fits.
	 * @return a non-committal string
	 */
	private String getRandomResponse()
	{
		final int NUMBER_OF_RESPONSES = 4;
		double r = Math.random();
		int whichResponse = (int)(r * NUMBER_OF_RESPONSES);
		String response = "";

		if (whichResponse == 0)
		{
			response = "Interesting, tell me more.";
		}
		else if (whichResponse == 1)
		{
			response = "Hmmm.";
		}
		else if (whichResponse == 2)
		{
			response = "Do you really think so?";
		}
		else if (whichResponse == 3)
		{
			response = "You don't say.";
		}

		return response;
	}

}