2015-02-05 Evening: tense review

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Optional homework: punctuate the sentence in 17 to make it grammatically correct.
Also optional: test your vocabulary size using the testyourvocab.com website.

In a Latin examination, James, where John had had "had had", had had "had"; "had had" had had the examiner's approval.

James, where John wrote "had done", wrote "did"; "had done" was correct.

James, where John had used past perfect, had used simple past; past perfect had been correct.

Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo.
Boston cats (that) Boston cats bother bother (other) Boston cats.
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Homework for Thursday: p. 19 on the handout I gave you
			(p. 18 has explanation that will be helpful)
exercise 4
1 is being (= is acting, is behaving, temporarily)
2 tell
3 says
4 has
5 is
6 look
7 are
8 live
9 move
10 resemble
11 am looking
12 isn't
13 Do you know
14 are repairing
15 is using
exercise 5
1 has won, has said, hat-trick
2 also-ran has taken, hasn't finished
3 has heard, has-been, has trained
4 no-show, has bought, hasn't come
exercise 6
1 have...known		c have been
2 			b have...been swimming
3 Have...completed	d 've...done
4 Have...shown		a has been reading
exercise 7
She has lived here / She has been living here
she has gone back (we understand "since 1995" -> present perfect)
She has an accent
people who come from France
I've never asked her - simple present "I never ask her" is also okay
if she speaks French
She really likes going
she invited (= the Saturday is finished) / she has invited (= still in the future)
I have known her
we have become
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Non-Action verbs: these verbs do not take any time, they can't be interrupted, there's no limit to the number that can be true at the same time
I have a grammar book. I have a cup. I have a computer. I have a phone. I have...
I have ten thousand books. I like hundreds of movies. I think everyone is friendly.
- non-actions are never used in the progressive/continuous

Short actions: they take only a small amount of time, so it's unusual to interrupt them
- short actions are not common in the progressive/continuous
I turn on the light every morning after my alarm rings.
I have turned on the light in the classroom.
* I am turning on the light right now.
* I have been turning on the light for three hours.
* I was turning on the light when you called me. (How did your call interrupt me?)

Medium actions: they take some duration, which we can think of as short or long, so it's possible to interrupt them, and something interesting can happen during the action
- simple and progressive are both common, but they have different meanings
I speak Spanish. = I know how. I do it sometimes. Maybe not in this moment.
I am speaking Spanish. = In this moment my speech is in Spanish.
I have watched Into the Woods. = It's finished, sometime in the past.
I have been watching Into the Woods. = It's unfinished, or just recently finished.

Long actions: they typically take a long time
- there isn't necessarily a difference between simple and progressive
I live in Boston. = I'm living in Boston.
I've lived here for three years. = I've been living here for three years.
I have worked at BAE for two years. = I've been working at BAE for two years.
(Note that these can sometimes be medium actions: "I have lived in Mexico" means this is a past experience in my life, but "I've been living in Mexico" means I'm still there now.)
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I knew how to swim when I was 5 years old. (No information about now.)
I used to know how to swim when I was 5 years old. (Now I don't.)

I have seen Into the Woods. (completed at an unknown time)
I saw Into the Woods last weekend. (completed at a specific time)

I had seen Into the Woods before the movie came out. (unknown time)
I had seen Into the Woods the previous weekend. (specific time)

Progressive:
I was studying for a test at 7pm.
I was studying for a test when you called.
= I was in the middle of studying at that time.

Perfect:
I had finished studying by 7pm.
I had finished studying when you called.
= Studying was finished before that time.
AND: For some reason we are focused on 7pm or your phone call.

He said, "I saw Into the Woods yesterday."
-> He said that he had seen Into the Woods the day before.
("see" happened before "say", so we need to use past perfect)

Perfect Continuous/Progressive:
I had been studying for two hours by 7pm.
I had been studying for two hours when you called.
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p. 21 exercise 9
1 had been worrying / had worried
2 had planned / had been planning
3 had been
4 had broken
5 had caught
6 had lived / had been living
7 had been taking
8 had made
9 had...removed
10 had...had
though
through
tough
trough
thought
draught
caught
- irregular past verbs with -aught or -ought are pronounced like "ought"
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Simple past for completed "situations" (= completed actions or completed times)
I didn't do my homework yesterday. (finished time)
I did my homework today. (finished action)

(In November) I didn't go swimming at all this year.
	      I went swimming three times this year.
- the time for swimming has finished for the year, at least in Boston

(Now) I haven't gone skiing (so far) this year.
      I have gone skiing twice (so far) this year.
- the time for skiing this year is *not* finished, and I may ski in the future

JK Rowling wrote 7 Harry Potter books. (she won't write any more HP books)
JK Rowling has written 7 books. (she may write more different books)
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Homework: p. 22-23 handout, exercises 11-14