2014-09-24 Structure: adverb clauses

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Homework: exercises 1, 2, 4 (314-316)
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exercise 2
2 Unfortunately, military service can be dangerous.
3 I'm against the death penalty because I consider it cruel and unusual punishment.
 ^   ^                         ^                                                  ^
4 There is certainly a lot more violence in movies than in the past. (only middle)
5 Hopefully, nuclear weapons can be eliminated.
  Nuclear weapons can hopefully be eliminated.
  Nuclear weapons can be eliminated, hopefully.
6 Perhaps a vaccine against AIDS can be found. (probably not middle or end)
7 The prime minister's position is clearly wrong. (or beginning or end)
8 Actually, there is increasing opposition to people's owning SUVs.
exercise 4
2 ... Rarely do women fight alongside men in combat.
      Women rarely fight alongside men in combat.
3 In no way is military service useless. ("No way is..." - informal)
  Military service is in no way useless.
4 ... Neither will poverty (be completely eliminated).
  Violence won't ever be completely eliminated, and neither will poverty.
5 Not only do we need to stop global warming, but we also need to find new...
  We not only need to stop global warming, but we also need to find new energy...
  We need not only to stop global warming, but also to find new energy sources.
6 Never had it occurred to me...
  It had never occurred to me...

              Tom helped Jerry and Maria (helped) Alice.
We need to stop global warming and (we need) to find new energy sources.
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ADVERB CLAUSES
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clause: a group of words with a subject and verb
(phrase: a group of words that is not a clause)

adverb clause: a clause that modifies a (verb, adjective, adverb, or) sentence
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I will do my laundry tomorrow. ("tomorrow" = adverb)
I will do my laundry after I get home. ("after I get home" = adverb clause)
I will do my laundry while dinner is cooking.
I'll do my laundry. Meanwhile, dinner will be cooking. ("meanwhile" = adverb)

I need to do my laundry because I have no more clean socks. (reason)

I will wear a coat if it is cold tomorrow. (condition)

I love to try the food wherever I travel. (location)

I don't have a coat on although it is cold today. (contrast/surprise, fact)
I won't have a coat tomorrow even if it is cold. (contrast/surprise, potential)
Some people are rich while others are poor. (contrast)
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If it is cold tomorrow, I will wear a coat.
(Use a comma between clauses if the adverb clause is first.)
(We don't use future tense grammar in conditions or time/location clauses.)
Wherever you go, you will make friends.
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You won't pass until you start to study. (time - you will, but I don't know when)
You won't pass unless you start to study. (condition - I don't know if you will)
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Homework: p. 336 exercise 8A