webinar-python-exam-review-2021-08-21

# webinar review 08/21/21

# Ch 8, 9, 11 and 12 end of chapter exercises are critical practice
# ... and they're structured like most exam questions! No accident!

# Be able to recognize and use common data types and modules
# integers / int
# float
# strings / str ""
# lists []
# dictionaries / dict {k:v}
# tuples ()
# set {}
# # modules
# math
# random
# datetime
# os
# calendar
# pandas # Ref List

# OPERATORS
# +
# -
# *
# /
# % # mod
# // # floor division
# How many pounds and ounces is 27 oz?
print(27//16) # pounds
print(27%16) # oz left over
# ** # raise to power
# = # assignment
# == # equality... ASKS is it equal? Used if/elif, while loop conditions
# += # x += 1 is the same as x = x + 1
# -=
# != # not equal, again for comparision, for conditions
# not
# <
# >
# <=
# >=
# in

# CONTROL FLOW STRUCTURES

# FUNCTIONS
# defining vs calling
# parameter vs arguments # almost mean the same thing
# def myFunction(someList):
#   someList = [1, 2, 3] # don't do this! Parameters aren't assigned in the function
#   # more code
# myFunction([4, 5, 6]) # the CALLS provide a value as an ARGUMENT
# return vs print()
# methods of a type are functions

# IF... and IF/ELSE, IF/ELIF/ELSE

# LOOPS
# WHILE: an IF that repeats as long the condition stays TRUE
# FOR: repeat an action once for every ITEM/VALUE in a container
# for ___ in ___:
# for item in myList:
# for char in someString:
# for key in someDictionary: # value is someDictionary[key]

# IN for a "membership check", "is it in there?"
myTuple = ("Gilligan", "Castaway002", "red", "crew") # things about Gilligan
if "red" in myTuple:
    print("yes, it's there")
print("Gilligan" in myTuple) # True
print("Skipper" in myTuple) # False
scoobiesDCT = {
    "Scooby": "a blue collar",
    "Shaggy": "green",
    "Velma": "orange",
    "Daphne": "purple",
    "Fred": "an ascot"
}
print("Scooby" in scoobiesDCT) # True, b/c it looks at keys
print("orange" in scoobiesDCT) # False, b/c it doesn't look at values

# BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS
# print()
# help() # help(str), help(str.join), help(datetime.datetime.today)
# dir() # good combo with help()... returns a list of just names of a type's attributes
# # format()... technically true, but string.format() may be more useful
# len()
# sum()
# min()
# max()
# str() # ""
# list() # []
# dict() # {}
# set()
# int()
# float()
# tuple() # ()
# round() # the "normal" round, its cousins .ceil() and .floor() are in MATH
# range() # for i in range(len(someList))
# enumerate()
# type()

# STRING
## know how to slice a string or list
# myString = "Hello."
# myString.split() # creates a list of smaller strings
# " ".join(someList)
# myString.format() # the WINNER way to build bigger strings
# myString.isupper() # is methods return Boolean
# myString.islower()
# myString.upper()
# myString.lower()
# myString.capitalize()
# myString.title()
# myString.find(subString)
# myString.replace(oldSubString, newSubString) # also good for removal
# myString.count(subString)
# myString.index(subString)
# myString.strip() # has cousins lstrip(), rstrip()

# Building up larger strings...
x = "Sue"
greeting = "How do you do?"
# CONCATENATE with +
myString = "My name is " + str(x) + ". " + greeting
# DATA CONVERSION SPECIFIERS or "string modulo"
myString = "My name is %s. %s" % (x, greeting)
# the FORMAT method
myString = "My name is {}. {}".format(x, greeting)
print(myString)

# LISTS
myList = ["Agent Scully", "Agent Mulder", "Walter Skinner", "CSM", "Mr. X"] # X-Files characters
# myList.append(someItem)
# myList.insert(i, someItem)
# myList.extend(anotherList)
# myList.pop()# last one, or by index
# myList.remove() # by value
# myList.count(someItem)
# myList.sort() # myList.sort(reverse=True)
# myList.reverse()
# myList.index(someItem)
# myList.copy()
# myList.clear()

# SLICES
# Be able to slice like it's second nature

# DICTIONARIES
myDict = {
    "Scooby": "a blue collar",
    "Shaggy": "green",
    "Velma": "orange",
    "Daphne": "purple",
    "Fred": "an ascot"
}
# get the value
myDict["Scooby"] # "a blue collar"
myDict.get("Scooby") # "a blue collar"
myDict["Scooby"] = "a red collar"
myDict.update({"Scooby": "an orange collar"})
# for k in myDict: # value is myDict[k]
# for k, v in myDict.items() # if you really want 2 variables as you loop

# SETS
mySet = {1, 2, 3}
# mySet.add(newValue)
# mySet.remove(aValue) # by value
# mySet.discard(aValue) # by value
# mySet.pop()

# TUPLES
# don't worry about tuple methods

# help(set.pop)
# myTuple = (1, 2, 3)

## MODULES!
# MATH
import math
# math.sqrt()
# math.pow() # not to be confused with math.exp()
# math.factorial()
# math.ceil()
# math.floor()
# math.e
# math.pi

# RANDOM
import random
# random.random() # returns a float b/n 0 and 1
# random.choice() # random item from list
# random.randint(start, stop) # randint INCLUDES the stop number
# random.randrange(start, stop) # randrange EXCLUDES the stop number

# CALENDAR
import calendar
# calendar.weekday()
# calendar.day_name[]
# calendar.month_name[]
# calendar.isleap(year)

# DATETIME
import datetime
datetime.datetime # datetime.date and datetime.time
datetime.timedelta # represents a period of time
dd = datetime.datetime(1978, 9, 3)
dd = datetime.datetime.today()
print(dd.year)
print(dd.month)
print(dd.day)
print(dd)
# timedelta
td = datetime.timedelta(days=3)
print(dd + td)
print(td.total_seconds())

# OS
import os
# os.getcwd()
# os.listdir()
# os.path.dirname()
# os.path.basename()
# os.path.isfile()
# os.path.isdir()
# os.path.exists()

# IMPORT STATEMENTS
# make sure the way the object is referenced matches the import statement
# "normal" full import
import datetime # datetime.date.year
# PARTIAL IMPORT
from os import path # path.isdir() not os.path.isdir()
from math import ceil # ceil() not math.ceil()
# ALIAS IMPORT
import math as m # m.ceil() not math.ceil()

# help(str)
# print(dir(str))
# help(str.find)

# student questions
# if no output from help on exam, try
def myQuestionFunction(parameter1, parameter2):
    h = help(list)
    return h # return or print(), whichever questions says, HIT RUN
    # delete or comment out above afterward