2019-02-06 TOEFL: reading inference, detailed TOEFL overview

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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https://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-one-journalist-risked-her-life-to-hold-murderers-accountable-christina-greer
discriminate (v)
discrimination (n)
discriminatory (adj)
NAACP = “N double-A C P”
	National
	Association for the
	Advancement of
	Colored (this word is now considered rude to use)
	People
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initialism = using the first letter of each word
acronym = initialism that you can pronounce like a word (for example “NASA” or “UNICEF”)
- If there is also an -ist word, it’s almost always a set of beliefs or a system:
	capitalism / capitalist
	racism / racist
	Buddhism / Buddhist
	(but NOT journalism / journalist)
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https://corpus.byu.edu/coca/ - You can search for the most common words with certain letters in them
*ism = words that end with “ism”
mal* = words that begin with “mal”
*psych* = words that have “psych” in them (beginning, middle, or end)
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https://earth.nullschool.net - You can see wind and other weather information about the whole Earth
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Homework: Cengage p. 64-66 exercise 3.1 - Choose the correct inference about each statement.
1 B - He would recognize every step of the process, so the process is what’s old.
2 C
3 C
4 C - It’s not the closest star, because that’s the Sun. But it is closer than Alpha Centauri, which is 4.3 ly.
5 A (B is also probably true, but we can’t conclude “all” from these sentences)
6 B (We know oaks are deeper than beeches, but we don’t know 50x. The relationship is probably not linear.)
7 A
8 C (Half of his books are set there, but we don’t know where they were written.)
9 B (They take on the color of their surroundings. => They are brightly colored because their surroundings are brightly colored.)
	“brilliant hues” = bright colors
10 A
	“shepherd” is pronounced with a /p/ sound, because it comes from “sheep” + “herd”
	(We don’t pronounce ‘ph’ like /f/ if they come from different words.)
	“sweetheart” - /t/ and /h/ are pronounced separately, NOT with the ‘th’ sound
11 B
12 A
	In “architecture”, and most other words beginning with “arch” + vowel, the ‘ch’ sounds like /k/
	vowels = a, e, i, o, u
13 C (A says the meanings are 100% different, B says the meanings are 95% different, but the original sentence only says the meaning may be different.)
14 C
15 A
	“used as a substitute for other tools” = people use a screwdriver when they should use other tools
	“other tools to subsitute for it” = use other tools when you should use a screwdriver
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Homework (possibly to check on Friday): p. 66-80 exercise 3.2 - Answer these inference questions about the passage