#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>

using namespace std;

class Matr {
public:
    int** elems;
    int n, m;
    Matr() {
        n = 0;
        m = 0;
    }
    Matr(int n, int m) {
        if (n < 0 || m < 0) throw 1;
        this->n = n;
        this->m = m;
        elems = new int* [n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
            elems[i] = new int[m];
    }
    Matr(int n, int m, int **mass) {
        if (n < 0 || m < 0) throw 1;
        this->n = n;
        this->m = m;
        elems = mass;
    }
    Matr(const Matr& M) {
        n = M.n;
        m = M.m;

        elems = new int* [n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
            elems[i] = new int[m];

        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j)
                elems[i][j] = M.elems[i][j];
        }
    }
    ~Matr() {
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
            delete[] elems[i];
        delete[] elems;
    }


    bool operator!() {
        if (n == 0 || m == 0) throw 2;

        if (n != m) return false;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
                if (i == j && elems[i][j] != 1) {
                    return false;
                }
                else if (i != j && elems[i][j] != 0) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    Matr __getminor__(int i, int j) {
        if (n != m) throw 3;
        int **p = new int* [n-1];
        for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i)
            p[i] = new int[n - 1];
        int ki, kj, di, dj;
        di = 0;
        for (ki = 0; ki < n - 1; ki++) { // проверка индекса строки
            if (ki == i) di = 1;
            dj = 0;
            for (kj = 0; kj < n - 1; kj++) { // проверка индекса столбца
                if (kj == j) dj = 1;
                p[ki][kj] = elems[ki + di][kj + dj];
            }
        }
        return Matr(n - 1, n - 1, p);
    }

    double operator*() {
        if (n == 0 || m == 0) throw 2;
        if (n != m) throw 3;

        if (n == 1) {
            return elems[0][0] * 1.0;
        }
        else if (n == 2) {
            return elems[0][0] * elems[1][1] - elems[0][1] * elems[1][0] * 1.0;
        }
        else {
            double s = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                s += pow(-1, i) * elems[0][i] * *(__getminor__(0, i));
            }
            return s;
        }

        return 0;
    }

    friend int operator-(Matr);
    friend bool operator==(Matr, Matr);
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&, Matr);
    friend istream& operator>>(istream&, Matr&);
};

int operator-(Matr M) {
    int n = M.n;
    int m = M.m;
    if (n == 0 || m == 0) throw 2;

    int r = M.elems[0][0];
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
            if (i == 0 && j == 0) continue;
            r -= M.elems[i][j];
        }
    }
    return r;
}

bool operator==(Matr M1, Matr M2) {
    if (M1.n != M2.n || M1.m != M2.m) return false;

    int n = M1.n;
    int m = M1.m;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j)
            if (M1.elems[i][j] != M2.elems[i][j])
                return false;
    return true;
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, Matr M) {
    int n = M.n;
    int m = M.m;
    out << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
            out << M.elems[i][j] << " ";
        }
        out << endl;
    }
    out << endl;
    return out;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& in, Matr& M) {
    int n, m;
    in >> n >> m;
    M = Matr(n, m);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
            in >> M.elems[i][j];
        }
    }
    return in;
}

int main(void) {
    Matr a(3, 3), b(3, 3);
    a.elems[0][0] = 1; a.elems[0][1] = 2; a.elems[0][2] = 3;
    a.elems[1][0] = 4; a.elems[1][1] = 5; a.elems[1][2] = 5;
    a.elems[2][0] = 7; a.elems[2][1] = 8; a.elems[2][2] = 9;

    b.elems[0][0] = 1; b.elems[0][1] = 0; b.elems[0][2] = 0;
    b.elems[1][0] = 0; b.elems[1][1] = 1; b.elems[1][2] = 0;
    b.elems[2][0] = 0; b.elems[2][1] = 0; b.elems[2][2] = 1;
    cout << *a << endl;
    cout << -a << endl;
    cout << !b << endl;
    return 0;
}