2019-07-12 TOEFL: speaking practice

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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If a sentence has more than one clause (subject+verb), it must have a conjunction. If there’s no conjunction, it should be two sentences. (If you just have a comma but no conjunction, it’s called a comma splice.)
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For integrated writing, you need to clearly explain all the points from the lecture and how they relate to the points from the reading.
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You can “pre-plan” a framework of transition words and expressions to help with organization:

Some people think
Others believe
In my opinion
I have three reasons for this

First,
For example,
This means

Second,
For instance,
On the other hand,
Therefore,

Finally,
To illustrate,
Consequently,

In conclusion
because
In the future,
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For integrated writing:
The reading and the lecture are about [topic]
The reading argues that [main idea of the reading]
The lecture, on the other hand, says [main idea of the lecture]

First, the author states that [point 1 from the reading]
The professor challenges this point, saying [point 1 from the lecture]

Second, the passage says
The lecture points out
which contradicts the point from the reading.

Finally, the passage claims
In contrast, the speaker argues that
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Speaking Section: third section, after the break, about 20 minutes total now (17 after August 1)
*1 independent, open-ended opinion - 15 seconds to prepare / 45 seconds to speak
2 independent, multiple choice question - 15/45
3 integrated reading/listening/speaking, campus announcement and student response - 30/60
4 integrated R/L/S, academic text and professor response - 30/60
*5 integrated L/S, conversation about a problem and solution - 20/60
6 integrated L/S, academic lecture - 20/60
* - These questions will no longer be on the test after August 1 (probably).
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https://www.toeflresources.com/changes-to-the-toefl-in-2018-and-2019
(The text describing the changes looks like it’s all copied and pasted from the same source, which means it’s probably not official information.)
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BREAK
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General organization:
- Introduction: state your answer or summarize the topic of the text and/or audio
- Lead-in: “preview” what kind of points you’re going to give
	“The man gives two reasons for his opinion.”
- First point with detail/example
- Second point with detail/example
(- Conclusion, if you have time)
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Record your responses to ETS 2.2. (We will listen to some of them on Monday.)