2015-07-07 Evening; 12 nature in a cubic foot

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Homework: do the unit 11 test at home
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p. 141 - What do you see in the picture? Why do the frogs look like this?
camouflage
part 2 - match each organism to the correct category below, then add one more of each category
1 plant: tree, flower
2 insect: butterfly, ant, bee (all insects have 6 legs)
3 amphibian: toad (like a frog), salamander (eggs laid in the water, usually lives on land and breathes air, smooth skin)
4 mammal: horse, dog, cat, human, monkey, whale (all mammals produce milk for their young)
5 reptile: snake, turtle, lizard (lay eggs, scaly skin)
6 bird: eagle, penguin, robin, cardinal, chicken, crow, parrot
7 fish: shark, salmon, tuna (live in the water, uses gills to breathe)
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On Thursday you will give short presentations about a type of endangered animal.
= an animal that has very few alive and might go extinct soon
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p. 142 - Why do you think this photographer adds this 1 cubic foot box to his pictures?
rivers and most lakes have fresh water
oceans, most seas, and some lakes have salt water
What living things do you think are under the leaves in picture C?
part 3 - listen and check
part 4 - listen again and decide if the statements are true or false. If they’re false, why?
part 5 - describe the view from one window of your house or apartment. What natural things do you see?
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p. 143
some-, any-, every-, no-
-thing, -where, -one/-body
(All the combinations are one word, except “no one”.)
part 7
1 Everyone (= all of the people)
2 Nobody (= zero of the people)
3 Anyone (= “one” person, but it doesn’t matter which one)
4 Someone (= one person, but I don’t know which one)

Everyone can help you. = All the people (together) can help you.
Anyone can help you. = One person will help, but it doesn’t matter which person you ask.

There is not anybody here. = There is nobody here. (not + any- = no-)
(not + no- = double negative = WRONG)
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p. 143 part 8: complete the description of the ecosystems with some-, any-, every-, no-, -thing, -where, -one/-body
1 Anyone / Anybody
2 somewhere
3 Nowhere (= the coral reef is the most beautiful place)
4 something
5 anywhere (not anywhere = nowhere)
6 Everywhere (“Everything you look at” is okay, but not “Everything you look”)
7 Anybody / Everybody
(“here”, “there”, and “where” include the meanings of “in”, “at”, “on”, and “to”)
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We usually use any- words in questions, but we can use some- if we expect the answer to be “yes”.

(For the grammar, “never” is a no- word, , and “always” is an every- word.)
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He is the best photographer in the world. He is better than ___body else. (anybody or everybody)

“better than nothing” = it’s not very good, but at least it’s something
“better than anything” = it’s the best thing

“better than nobody” = the person is not very good, but at least it’s a person
“better than anybody” = the best person
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I don’t know anything about that. = I know nothing about that.
I don’t have any money. = I have no money.
I don’t have any friends. = I have no friends.

I don’t need any help. (normal)
I need no help. (strange, maybe too formal)
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What would happen if bees were extinct?
We wouldn’t eat honey.
Many flowers and fruits would also go extinct.
Probably we would starve and die.

Second conditional = present/future unreal conditional
(First conditional = future real conditional)

(First: If bees go extinct, many flowers will also go extinct. - I think this is a real possibility that can happen.)
Second: If bees went extinct, many flowers would also go extinct. - I don’t expect this to happen.

If I had a lot of money, I would travel every month.
= I don’t have money, so I can’t travel every month.
I wish I had a lot of money. (“wish” is for unreal situations, like second conditional)

If I won the lottery tomorrow, I would quit my job.
= I will not win the lottery, so I will not quit my job. (But I can wish about it.)

if + [simple past], subj. + would + base form
If I had money, I would travel. (It looks like it’s about the past, but it means present or future.)
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Homework: Choose an endangered species. Prepare to explain basic information about the species (for example where does it live? what does it eat?), why did it become endangered?, what would happen if it went extinct?, can you think of any plans or solutions to save the species?