Learn A Lang Translation Relay Tutorial

===================================================================================================
***Part 1: Torch Received from Previous Person***
===================================================================================================
##TEXT##

Dis Universum isch huara gross. Mini Flügl flügen überall hi und könn di berüara.
Zwai Auga fangen di. Si gfinden alles woni gsen, so dassi jubla und süfza.
I möchti alles liaba und ha und i kann alles sofort macha.
Egal was für a Landschaft i gsen isch au nit gnuag, dia risig Welt folgt diar überall hi.

##LEXICON##
alles	   det	 everything
au		  adv	 also
Aug		 n-neut  eye
berüara	 v-them  to touch
du		  prn	 you (singular, informal)
dis		 adj	 your (singular, informal)
egal		conj	no matter
fanga	   v-them  to catch
flüga	   v-them  to fly
Flügl	   n-masc  wing
folga	   v-them  to follow
für		 prep	for
gfinda	  v-them  to find
gnuag	   adj	 enough
gross	   adj	 big
gse		 v-ath   to see
ha		  v-ath   to have
hi		  post	to
huara	   adv	 very
i		   prn	 I
jubla	   v-them  to cheer
könna	   v-mod   to be able to, can
Landschaft  n-fem   landscape
liaba	   v-them  to love
macha	   v-them  to do, make
mis		 adj	 my
möchti			  1st or 3rd person singular irrealis of möga "to want"
nit		 adv	 not
risig	   adj	 giant
si		  v-irr   to be
si		  prn	 they
so dass	 conj	so that
sofort	  adv	 instantly, immediately
süfza	   v-them  to sigh
überall	 det	 everywhere
und		 conj	and
Universum   n-neut  universe
was		 prn	 what
Welt		n-fem   world
wo		  prn	 where, introduces relative clause
zwai		adj	 two

##GRAMMAR##
In terms of sentence wide word order, Swiss German is very much like other Germanic languages:
-In subordinate clauses, the predicate (verb) is final
-In main clauses, the predictate is split up: the conjugated part comes in second position, the rest at the end
--The first position may be filled with a noun phrase ("the man", "you"), an adverb or a subordinate clause

In noun phrases, the noun generally comes at the end, preceded by adjectives, possessors or articles and prepositions. However, in this text, the postposition "hi" occurs, which follows the noun phrase.

Nouns appear in three noun classes: Masculine, Neuter and Feminine. These demand the use of different forms on adjectives, possessives and articles modifying them. The noun classes are only distinguished in the singular.

Nouns have different plural forms. The plural forms of the nouns in the lexicon are, in order: Auga, Flügl, Landschafta, Universa, Welta

Nouns and pronouns also appear in different grammatical cases. For nouns and things modifying them, there are only two cases: a nominative/accusative case and a dative case. In pronouns, however, nominative and accusative remain distinct, so there are three cases there.


The pronouns occuring in the text take the following forms:
+----+-----+-----+------+
|	| NOM | ACC | DAT  |
+----+-----+-----+------+
| 1s | i   | mi  | miar |
| 2s | du  | di  | diar |
| 3p | si  | si  | ina  |
+----+-----+-----+------+

The pronoun "i" often attaches to the word preceding it if it's unstressed. In this case, preceding consonants are geminated (doubled). If the preceding word ends in a vowel, an -n- is inserted. (While other pronouns undergo similar processes, these don't occur in the text and will be ignored here)

The indefinite article takes the following forms:
+---------+------+------+-------+------+
|		 | MASC | NEUT |  FEM  | PLUR |
+---------+------+------+-------+------+
| NOM/ACC | an   | as   | a	 |	  |
| DAT	 | ama  | ama  | anera |	  |
+---------+------+------+-------+------+

The definite article takes the following forms:
+---------+-------+------+--------+--------+
|		 | MASC  | NEUT |  FEM   |  PLUR  |
+---------+-------+------+--------+--------+
| NOM/ACC | dr/da | ds   | d'/dia | d'/dia |
| DAT	 | am	| am   | dr	 | da	 |
+---------+-------+------+--------+--------+
"da" is used after prepositions, "dr" elsewhere
"d'" is used when directly preceding the noun, "dia" elsewhere

The possessive adjectives "mis" and "dis" inflect as follows:
+---------+------+------+--------+------+
|		 | MASC | NEUT |  FEM   | PLUR |
+---------+------+------+--------+------+
| NOM/ACC | min  | mis  | mini   | mini |
| DAT	 | mim  | mim  | minera | mina |
+---------+------+------+--------+------+


Verbs can be subdivided into four classes: thematic, athematic, modal and irregular. These classes determine the endings a verb takes on.
Verbs inflect for person, number and to some extent for tense/aspect/mood (mostly mood). Only a single non-indicative form occurs in this text: the irrealis. The irrealis is roughly used like "would X" in English, though it has other uses (such as for conditional statements). No inflection for tense/aspect other than the present simple occurs in the text. The present simple is rather vague in meaning and is probably best described as a generic non-past tense.
To inflect a verb, take off the infinitive ending -a (on thematic and modal verbs) and add the appropriate endings. Athematic verbs don't have an infinitive ending, so just add the endings right away. There are three distinct endings for the singular persons, and a single ending for all plural persons.
When inflecting a verb, the stressed (first) vowel may change. This is somewhat unpredictable, but the infinitve is always identical to the plural forms.

+----+-------+-------+------+-------+
|	| THEM  | ATHEM | MOD  | "si"  |
+----+-------+-------+------+-------+
| 1s | -a	| -n	| -	| bin   |
| 2s | -sch  | -sch  | -sch | bisch |
| 3s | -t	| -t	| -	| isch  |
| Pl | -(e)n | -n	| -n   | sin   |
+----+-------+-------+------+-------+




===================================================================================================
***Part 2: Trying to make something vaguely resembling English, using what was sent***
***Note that more than one "translation pass" is usually necessary and recommended***
===================================================================================================
Literal parsing:
	Your universe is very big. My wing flies everywhere to and you can touch.
	Two eyes catch you. They find everything to see, so that (they can) cheer and sigh.
	I want everything to love and to have and I can everything immediately do.
	No matter what for a landscape I see is also not enough, your giant world followed you everywhere to.

Sounds better:
	Your universe is very big. I fly everywhere and can touch all.
	Two eyes find you. They find everything they see, and cheer and sigh.
	I want to love and have everything, and can do everything immediately.
	No matter what landscape I see, it is not enough, your giant world follows you everywhere.




===================================================================================================
***Part 3: Taking your "good enough" translation and translating it into your Output Language***
***Also recommended to write down all vocab used***
===================================================================================================


Vocabulate:
	Nouns:
		all, everything: ĉio
		eye: okulo
		landscape: pejzaĝo
		universe: universo
		world: mundo
	Verbs (shown in present tense):
		is, to be: estas
		can (to be able to): povas
		to cheer: aplaŭdegas
		to do: agas
		to find: perceptas
		to follow: postiras
		to fly: flugas
		to have: havas
		to love: amas
		to see: vidas
		to sigh: suspiras
		to touch: tuŝas
		to want: desiras
	Adjectives:
		big: granda
		enough, sufficient: sufiĉa
		giant: giganta
	Pronouns:
		I: mi
		they: ili
		you: vi
	Other:
		and: kaj
		everywhere: ĉie
		immediately: tuj
		no matter: tutegale
		two: du
		very: tre
		what: kio

En Esperanto:
	Via universo estas tre granda. Mi flugas ĉie kaj povas tuŝi ĉio.
	Du okuloj perceptas vin. Ili perceptas ĉion ili vidas, kaj aplaŭdegi kaj suspiri.
	Mi desiras ami kaj havi ĉio, kaj povas agi ĉio tuj.
	Tutegale kio pejzaĝo mi vidas, ne estas sufiĉa, via giganta mundo postiras vin ĉie.




===================================================================================================
***Part 4: Creating your Output Torch to send to the next person***
***What is required is the text (duh), a vocab list, and explanation of any grammar used***
***You can be as professional or casual in your explanation as you want tbh***
***Just as long as you give enough info that the next person CAN translate the text w/o outside help***
===================================================================================================

Teksta en esperanto (text in Esperanto):
	Via universo estas tre granda. Mi flugas ĉie kaj povas tuŝi ĉio.
	Du okuloj perceptas vin. Ili perceptas ĉion ili vidas, kaj aplaŭdegi kaj suspiri.
	Mi desiras ami kaj havi ĉio, kaj povas agi ĉio tuj.
	Tutegale kio pejzaĝo mi vidas, ne estas sufiĉa, via giganta mundo postiras vin ĉie.

Leksiko (vocab):
	O-vortoj (nouns):
		Ĉio: all, everything
		Mundo: world
		Okulo: eye
		Pejzaĝo: landscape
		Universo: universe
	Verboj (verbs) (shown in present tense):
		Agas: to do
		Amas: to love
		Aplaŭdegas: to cheer, to applaud
		Desiras: to want
		Estas: is, to be
		Flugas: to fly
		Havas: to have
		Perceptas: to find, to perceive
		Postiras: to follow
		Povas: can, to be able to
		Suspiras: to sigh
		Tuŝas: to touch
		Vidas: to see
	A-vortoj (adjectives):
		Giganta: giant
		Granda: big
		Sufiĉa: enough, sufficient
	Alia vortoj (other words):
		Ĉie: everywhere
		Du: two
		Kaj: and
		Kio: what
		Tre: very
		Tuj: immediately
		Tutegale: no matter

Gramatiko (grammar):
*Nouns end in -o. Adjectives end in -a. In many cases, a noun can be "adjectivified" and vice versa by swapping the ending.
*Adverbs end in -e, and follow the same rules as adjectives.
*Plurals are formed by adding -j to the end. If a noun is plural, so is its adjective(s).
*Direct objects (accusative, what is acted upon) end in -n. Adjective(s) applying to the direct object must also have an -n applied. If plural, the -n goes after the -j (so "pomojn" is "apples" as a direct object).
*Basic pronouns:
	*mi: I
	*vi: you
	*li: he
	*ŝi: she
	*ĝi: it
	*ni: we
	*ili: they
*Possessive pronouns are formed by adding -a like an adjective ("mia" is "my", "via" is "your", etc). Accusative ending also applies, both to basic and possessive pronouns.
*Verb endings:
	*-as: present tense
	*-is: past tense
	*-os: future tense
	*-us: conditional
	*-u: command
	*-i: infinitive (also used to chain verbs together, like "povas lerni" is "can learn")

(...And not that it matters for a text-based relay, but if you're wondering, "j" is actually pronounced like an english "y". If you want an actual english "j" sound, you need "ĝ", the G with a hat on it.)


===================================================================================================
***Part 5: Sending it on***
***Basically just take Part 4, put it in a file and PM it to the next person***
***PLEASE ONLY USE A .TXT FILE OR A GOOGLE DOC FOR THIS, NO WEIRD FILE FORMATS***
***Then make a new clock for the person and @-mention the @Relay role that you sent it on***
***Oh, also send a copy to Gwaur before the relay ends, with your torch and the intermediary English translation***
***(you only need to send the English that you used to translate into your Output Language)***
===================================================================================================