2016-04-02 Saturday: 12 Experts

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
“2016-04-02 Saturday: 12 Experts”
This is the same level and book as the “Core” class.
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Homework: test
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p. 141 - How do you think the man uses the birds for fishing?
They still do this in a few places for tourists. Are there traditions in your country that continue primarily because of tourism?
Plimoth Plantation (near Plymouth, MA) is a “living museum” of the first English settlement in MA in the 1620s.
In pairs, discuss parts 2, 3, 4 on p. 141.
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p. 142 part 1-2 - In groups of three, make sure you understand the purpose of each of these things or people for an expedition, and make a list of additional things that are useful.
gear = equipment
part 3 - Read about the two women.
part 6 - Listen to their stories and answer the questions in part 6.
flat (adjective) -> flatten (verb)
white (adj) -> whiten (v)
lighten, brighten, darken, blacken, redden, shorten, soften, harden, widen, broaden
(height (n) -> heighten (v), length (n) -> lengthen (v))
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p. 143 part 7 - Who probably said these things?
1 Emma
2 Beth or Emma
3 Beth
4 Emma
5 Beth
6 Emma
part 9 - Which sentences from part 7 mean these things?
a 4, 5
b 6
c 1, 2
d 3

I should have done that. = It was a good idea but I didn’t do it.
I shouldn’t have done that. = It wasn’t a good idea but I did it.
I could have done that. = It was possible to do it but I didn’t do it.
I couldn’t have done that. = It was impossible to do it.

Remember the present advice modals:
I should do that. = It is a good idea.
I shouldn’t do that. = It isn’t a good idea.
I could do that. = It is a possibility.
I couldn’t do that. It is not a possibility.

To make it about the past, add “have” and the past participle.
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Also remember that “could have” can be used for speculation about the real past:

She could have died. I’m so glad she was okay. = It was possible but it didn’t happen.
She could have died. No one has heard from her in weeks. = It was possible and we don’t know for sure. (from unit 8)

She couldn’t have died. The elephants didn’t step on her tent. = Even if she hadn’t woken up, she still wouldn’t have died.
She couldn’t have died. She just called me yesterday. = It is impossible that she’s dead. I’m sure she’s alive. (from unit 8)
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BREAK
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p. 143 part 12 - Tell your group about a time you did one of these things badly. Then, with your group, talk about things you could have or should have done differently.
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The man who ate his boots (p. 144)
How do people who live in the Arctic deal with the cold?
Read the book review. What three things should the explorers have learned from the Inuit?
- how to build igloos
- use sealskin
- use dogs to pull sleds
What happened because they didn’t learn these things?
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The sound ‘t’ makes in words like “city” and “water” is called the flapped t.
This happens between vowels, when the following vowel is unstressed.

Silent ‘h’:
hour hourly
honest honesty
honor honored honorable
herb herbal herbalist herbalism (silent ‘h’ in American English, pronounced in British English)
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p. 145 part 5 (grammar) - Third Conditional = Past Unreal Conditional
If they had learned to build igloos, the explorers would have been warm.
They didn’t learn to build igloos, so they were not warm.

Parry’s men wouldn’t have been as healthy if they hadn’t eaten the salads.
Parry’s men were reasonably healthy because they ate the salads.
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form:

if + [past perfect], would/could/might + (not) + have + past participle (yes comma)
would/could/might + (not) + have + past participle + if + [past perfect] (no comma)

If I had had a lot of money, I would have bought a house. = I wanted a house and would have bought one if I could.
If I had had a lot of money, I might have bought a house. = I don’t know about my decision.
If I had had a lot of money, I could have bought a house. = I would have been able to do it.

Even if I had had a lot of money, I wouldn’t have bought a house. = I didn’t want a house at all.
Even if I had had a lot of money, I might not have bought a house. = I don’t know about my decision.
Even if I had had a lot of money, I couldn’t have bought a house. = I wouldn’t have had the ability (for example if I’m only 17).
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p. 145 part 9 - In pairs, match the pairs of sentences, then write third conditional sentences using that information.
1 b - If we had planned everything better, the vacation wouldn’t have been a disaster.
2 c - If we had known how to read the road signs, we wouldn’t have gotten lost.
3 e - If we had taken a phrase book, we could have asked for help.
4 d - If the local people hadn’t given us directions, we couldn’t have found the way back to the main road.
5 a - If we hadn’t forgotten to check the museum opening times, we wouldn’t have gotten there that late.
6 f - If we had bought the tickets ahead of time, we could have gotten into the museum.
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Homework: test