documentclass{amsart}
usepackage{mathtools}
usepackage{array}


usepackage{makecell}
usepackage{stackengine}setstackEOL{cr} %EOL is abbreviation for "end of line."
usepackage{adjustbox}
usepackage{siunitx}


begin{document}

noindent begin{minipage}[t]{3.5in}
textbf{16.) }raggedright{The table shows certain function values of textit{f}. \If $g(x) = f(3x + 1)$, what is the value of $g(2)$?}
begin{tabbing}
hspace*{3em} = kill
> textbf{a.) }$-5$ \
> textbf{b.) }$-1$ \
> textbf{c.) }0 \
> textbf{d.) }2 \
> textbf{e.) }4
end{tabbing}
end{minipage}
%
hspace{0.75cm}
%
setlengthextrarowheight{2pt}
belowbaseline[-7pt]{stackunder{bfseriesLongstack{Certain Functioncr Values of textit{f}}{%
begin{tabular}{|| c | S[table-format=-1.0] ||} hline
    textit{x}  &   {$f(x)$} \ Xhline{0.8pt}
    2           &   -1 \ hline
    3           &   0 \ hline
    4           &   2 \ hline
    5           &   -3 \ hline
    6           &   4 \ hline
    7           &   -5 \ hline
    8           &   6 \ hline
end{tabular}
}}}

end{document}