a-series of time
ab esse ad posse valet consequentia
abandonment
Abbagnano, Nicola (1901–90)
Abderites
abduction
Abduh, Muhammad (1849–1905)
Abelard, Peter (1079–1142)
abhidharma
abninivesha
abortion
Abrabanel, Isaac (1437)
Abrabanel, Judah (c.1463–c.1523)
absolute idealism
absolute theory of space
Absolute, the
absolutism
abstract ideas
abstract/concrete
abstraction
absurd
Abunaser
Academy of Athens
Academy of Florence
acatalepsy
acceptance
access
accessibility relation
accident
accident, fallacy of the
accidentalism
accidie
Achilles and the Tortoise
acosmism
acquaintance and description
acrasia
act utilitarianism
act-object ambiguity
act-object psychology
action
action at a distance
active euthanasia
activism
acts, mental
acts/omissions doctrine
actual
actualism
actuality and potentiality
actualization
ad hoc hypothesis
ad hominem argument
ad infinitum
Adam of Wodeham
Adams's thesis
adaptation
Adelard of Bath (c.1070–c.1145)
adhyatman
adiaphora
Adorno, Theodor Wiesengrund (1903–69)
advaita
adverbial theory
adverbs
Aenesidemus of Cnossos
Aesop
aesthetic
aesthetic attitude
aesthetic detachment
aesthetic properties
aesthetic values
aestheticism
aesthetics
aether
aetiology
aeviternity
affective
affirmative action
affirmative and negative propositions
affirming the antecedent
affirming the consequent
after-image
agapē
agathon
age of reason
agent
agent-causation
agent-centred morality
agent-neutral/agent-relative
agglomeration
agnoiology
agnosticism
agreement, method of
Agricola, Rudolph (1444–85)
Agrippa
Agrippa of Nettesheim
ahamkara
ahanta
ahimsa
AI
aitia
Ajdukiewicz, Kazimierz (1890–1963)
akolasia
akoluthic
akrasia
al Sabziwari, Al-Hajj Mula Hadi (1797)
al-Farabi
al-Farabi, Abu Nasr (c.870–950)
al-Ghazali
al-Ghazali Abu Hamid Muhammad (1058–1111)
al-Kindi
al-Kindi, Abu Yusuf (d. after ad 866)
al-Razi, Abu Bakr
al-Razi, Abu Bakr (d. 925)
al-Razi, Fakhr Al-Din
al-Razi, Fakhr Al-Din (1149–1209)
al-Sijistani, Abu Sulaiyman Muhammad
al-Sijistani, Abu Sulaiyman Muhammad (c.932–c.1000)
alaya-vijnana
Albert of Saxony (1360–90)
Albert the Great (c.1200–80)
alchemy
Alcinous
Alcmaeon of Croton
Alemanno, Yohanan ben Isaac (1433)
aleph
alethic
Alexander of Aphrodisias
Alexander of Hales (c.1185–1245)
Alexander, Samuel (1859–1938)
Alexandrian School
Algazel
algebra
algebraic number
algorithm
alienans
alienation
aliorelative
all
Allais paradox
allele
allographic
Almegest
als ob
alter ego
alterity
alternation
Althusser, Louis (1918–90)
altruism
ambiguity
ambiguous middle, fallacy of
Ambrose, St (c.340–97)
Ammonius Saccas (fl.200–50)
amor fati
amoral
amphiboly
ampliative argument
anagoge
analogy
analysandum
analysans
analysis
analysis, paradox of
analytic(al) philosophy
analytic, transcendental
analytic/synthetic
anamnesis
anangkē
anaphora
anarchism
anattavada
Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (500)
Anaxarchus
Anaximander of Miletus (610)
Anaximenes of Miletus (fl. c.546 bc)
ancestral relation
and
Anderson, John (1893–1962)
andreia
androcentrism
androgyny
Andronicius of Rhodes
angst
anguish
anima mundi
animal rights
animal spirits
animal thought
animism
Anniceris (fl. c.320–280 bc)
anoetic
anomalous monism
anomie
anosognosia
Anschauung
Anscombe, Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret (1919–2001)
Anselm, St (1033)
antecedent
anthropic principle
anthropocentric
anthropology
anthropomorphism
anthroposophy
anti-realism
antilogism
antinomianism
antinomy
Antiochus of Ascalon (c.130–68 bc)
antiperistasis
antiphasis
Antiphon (c.480–411 bc)
Antisthenes (c.445–c.360 bc)
antisymmetric
antithesis
antonym
anxiety
apatheia
apathy
apeiron
aphaeresis
aphasia
apocatastasis
apodeictic
apodosis
Apollonian/Dionysian
apologetics
apophansis
aporia
appearance/reality
apperception
appetitive
Apuleius (c. ad 125–80)
Aquinas, St Thomas (c.1225–74)
Arcesilaus (c.316–242 bc)
archē
archetype
Archimedean
Archimedean point
architectonic
Archytas (fl. 400–350 bc)
Arendt, Hannah (1906–75)
aretē
argument
argument from analogy
argument of a function
argumentum ad
Arian heresy
Aristippus of Cyrene (c.435–350 bc)
aristocracy
Ariston of Chios
Aristotelianism
Aristotle (384–322 bc)
arithmetic
arithmetization
Arius Didymus
arkhe
Arminius, Jacobus (1560–1609)
Armstrong, David Malet (1926–2014)
Arnauld, Antoine (1612–94)
arrow paradox
Arrow's theorem
art, philosophy of
artificial intelligence
artificial language
artificial life
ascetic
ascriptivism
aseity
assertion
assertion sign
assertoric
association of ideas
associationism
assumption
assurance game
Astell, Mary (1666–1731)
asymmetric
asymptotic
ataraxia
Athanasius (c.297–373)
atheism
Atheismusstreit
atman
atomic formula/sentence
atomism
atomism, logical
atonement
attitude
attribution theory
attributive
aufheben
Aufklärung
Augustine of Hippo, St (354–430)
Augustinian view of language
Aurelius, Marcus (ad 121–80)
Aurobindo Ghose (1872–1950)
Aussonderungsaxiom
Austin, John (1790–1859)
Austin, John Langshaw (1911–60)
autarkia
authenticity
authoritarian personality
authority
autological
automaton
autonomy of ethics
autonomy/heteronomy
autonymy
autotelic
Avempace (1085)
Avenarius, Richard (1843–96)
Averroës (1126–98)
Avicebron
Avicenna (980–1037)
avidya
avowals
awareness, sense
axiarchism
axiology
axiom
axiom of choice
axiom of comprehension
axiom of consistency
axiom of extensionality
axiom of infinity
axiomatic method
Ayer, Alfred Jules (1910–89)
b-series of time
Babbage, Charles (1792–1871)
Bachelard, Gaston (1884–1962)
backward causation
Bacon, Francis (1561–1626)
Bacon, Roger (c.1214–92)
Baconian method
bad faith
Bain, Alexander (1818–1903)
Bakhtin, Mikhail Mikhailovich (1895–1975)
Bakunin, Mikhail Aleksandrovich (1814–76)
bald man paradox
Balguy, John (1686–1748)
ball of wax example
Bañez, Domingo (1528–1604)
Bar Hayya, Abraham (c.1016–c.1136)
Barbara
barber paradox
Barcan formula
bargaining theory
Barth, Karl (1886–1968)
Barthes, Roland (1915–80)
base and superstructure
basic action
basic statements
Bataille, Georges (1897–1962)
Baudrillard, Jean (1929–2007)
Bauer, Bruno (1809–82)
Baumgarten, Alexander Gottlieb (1714–62)
Bayes's theorem
Bayesianism
Bayle's trilemma
Bayle, Pierre (1647–1706)
Beattie, James (1735–1803)
beauty
Beauvoir, Simone de (1908–86)
Beccaria, Cesare (1738–94)
becoming
beetle in the box
begging the question
behaviour therapy
behaviourism
being
being in-itself/for-itself
being, hierarchy of
belief
belief, ethics of
Bell's theorem
bellum omnium contra omnes
benevolence
Benjamin, Walter (1892–1940)
Bentham, Jeremy (1748–1832)
Bentley, Richard (1662–1742)
Berdyaev, Nikolai (1874–1948)
Bergmann, Gustav (1906–87)
Bergson, Henri-Louis (1859–1941)
Berkeley, George (1685–1753)
Berlin, Isaiah (1909–97)
Bernard of Chartres (fl. 1114–26)
Bernard, St (1090–1153)
Bernoulli's theorem
Berry's paradox
Bertrand's box paradox
Bertrand's paradox
best explanation, inference to
best of all possible worlds
best, principle of the
Beth's definability theorem
Bhagavad Gita
bhakti
biconditional
bijection
binary operation
binary relation
bioethics
biology, philosophy of
bit
bivalence, principle of
black box theory
Blackstone, William (1723–80)
blindsight
Bloch, Ernst Simon (1885–1977)
block universe theory of time
Blondel, Maurice (1861–1949)
Bobbio, Norberto (1909–2004)
Bodin, Jean (c.1529–96)
body
Boehme, Jacob (1575–1624)
Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus (c.475/480–525/6)
Bogdanov, Alexandr Alexandrovich (1873–1928)
Bohr, Niels (1885–1962)
Boltzmann, Ludwig (1844–1906)
Bolzano, Bernard (1781–1848)
Bonaventure, St (1217)
boo-hooray theory
Boole, George (1815–64)
Boolean algebra
borderline case
Borgès, Jorge Luis (1899–1986)
Bosanquet, Bernard (1848–1923)
Boscovich, Roger Joseph (1711–87)
bound variable
Bourbaki, Nicolas
bourgeoisie/proletariat
Boyle, Robert (1627–92)
bracketing
Bradley, Francis Herbert (1846–1924)
Bradwardine, Thomas (c.1300–49)
brahman
brain
brain in a vat
brain transplants
Braithwaite, Richard Bevan (1900–90)
Brentano's thesis
Brentano, Franz Clemens (1838–1917)
Bridgewater Treatises
Bridgman, Percy William (1882–1962)
Brillat-Savarin, Jean Anthelme (1755–1826)
British empiricists
Broad, Charlie Dunbar (1887–1971)
Brouwer, Luitzen Egburtus Jan (1881–1966)
Bruno, Giordano (1548–1600)
Brunschvicg, Léon (1869–1944)
brute fact
Bryson of Heraclea
Buber, Martin (1878–1965)
Buchmanism
Buddhism
Buffier, Claude (1661–1737)
Bultmann, Rudolf (1884–1976)
bundle theory of the mind or self
Burali-Forti's paradox
Burckhardt, Jakob Christoph (1818–97)
burden of proof
Buridan's ass
Buridan, John (c.1300–after 1360)
Burke, Edmund (1729–97)
business ethics
Butler, Joseph (1692–1752)
Butler, Samuel (1835–1902)
Cabanis, Pierre-Jean-Georges (1758–1808)
cabbala
Caird, Edward (1835–1908)
Cajetan, Thomas (1468–1534)
calibration paradox
Callicles
Calvinism
Cambridge change
Cambridge Platonists
Campanella, Tommaso (1568–1639)
Campbell, George (1719–96)
Campbell, Norman Robert (1880–1949)
Camus, Albert (1913–60)
Canguilhem, Georges (1904–96)
canonical
Cantor's paradox
Cantor's theorem
Cantor, Georg (1845–1918)
capabilities
capacity
capitalism
Cardano, Girolamo (1501–76)
cardinal number
cardinal virtues
cardinality
Carlyle, Thomas (1795–1881)
Carnap, Rudolf (1891–1970)
Carneades (c.214–129 bc)
Carroll, Lewis
Cartesian
Cartesian circle
Cartesian doubt
Cartesian dualism
Cartesian ego
Cartesian product
Carvaka
Cassirer, Ernst (1874–1945)
casualism
casuistry
catastrophe theory
categorematic
categorial grammar
categorical proposition
categorical/hypothetical imperative
categories
category mistake
catharsis
causa sui
causal chain
causal law
causal nexus
causal principle
causal regress, infinite
causal theory of identity
causal theory of knowledge/justification
causal theory of meaning
causal theory of perception
causal uniformity, principle of
causation
cause, immanent
causes/reasons
causes: material, formal, efficient, final
cave, myth of
Cavell, Stanley (1926– )
Cavendish, Margaret (1623–73)
Celsus
central state materialism
certainty and doubt
ceteris paribus
ch'eng
chain of being
chance
Chang Tsai (1020–77)
change
chaos
character
characteristica universalis
charisma
charity, principle of
Charron, Pierre (1541–1603)
chastity
Cheng Hao (1032–85)
Chernyshevski, Nikolai Gavrilovich (1828–89)
chi
chicken
chiliagon
chimera
Chinese Classics
Chinese room
Chisholm, Roderick Milton (1916–99)
choice
choice, axiom of
Chomsky hierarchy
Chomsky, Avram Noam (1928– )
Christine de Pizan (1365–c.1430)
chromosome
Chrysippus (c.280–207 bc)
Chrysippus' dog
Chu His (1130–1200)
chung or shu
Church's theorem
Church's thesis
Cicero, Marcus Tullius (106–43 bc)
Cieszkowski, August von (1814–94)
circle, vicious
circle, virtuous
circular reasoning/definition
citizenship
citta-matra
civil disobedience
civil society
Cixous, Hélène (1937– )
clairvoyance
Clarke, Samuel (1675–1729)
class paradox
class struggle
class, logical
class, social
classicism
Cleanthes (c.331–232 bc)
clear and distinct ideas
Clement of Alexandria (ad c.150–c.215)
Cleomedes
Clifford, William Kingdon (1845–79)
clinamen
Clitomachus (186/7–110/9 bc)
clock paradox
clocks, image of the two
closed
closed formula
Coase theorem
Cockburn, Catherine (1679–1749)
coextensive
cogito ergo sum
cognition
cognitive achievement word
cognitive architecture
cognitive dissonance
cognitive meaning
cognitive pluralism
cognitive psychotherapy
cognitive science
Cohen, Hermann (1842–1918)
coherence theory of truth
coherentism
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor (1772–1834)
collective
collective goods
collective unconscious
collective/distributive
collectivism
Collier, Arthur (1680–1732)
Collingwood, Robin George (1889–1943)
Collins, Anthony (1676–1729)
colour
comedy
commensurable
commitment
commodity
common consent arguments
common good
common law
common notions
common sense
common sense school
commons, tragedy of
communication
communism
communitarianism
commutative
commutative justice
compactness theorem
compatibilism
compatible
competence/performance
complement
complementarity principle
completeness
complex idea
complex number
composite idea
composition/division, fallacies of
compositionality
compossibles
comprehension
comprehension, axiom of
compresence
compulsion
computable functions
computer
Comte, Auguste (1798–1857)
conation
conatus
conceive
concept
concept and object
conceptual analysis
conceptual role semantics
conceptual scheme
conceptualism
conclusion
concomitant variations, method of
concrete
concrete universal
concretion, principle of
concupiscence
Condillac, Étienne Bonnot de (1715–80)
conditio sine qua non
condition, necessary/sufficient
conditional
conditional probability
conditional proof, rule of
conditioning
Condorcet, Marquis de (1743–94)
configurationism
confirmation theory
confirmation, paradoxes of
Confucianism
Confucius (551–479 bc)
conjunction
connected
connectionism
connective
connotation/denotation
conscience
consciousness
consent
consequence
consequent
consequentia mirabilis
consequential characteristics
consequentialism
conservation principles
conservatism
consilience
consistency, axiom of
consistent/inconsistent
constant
constant conjunction
Constant de Rebecque, Henri Benjamin (1767–1830)
constative
constitution
constitutive/regulative
constraint
construct
construction
constructive
constructive empiricism
constructivism
constructivism
constructivism
consubstantial
contemplation
content
content, wide and narrow
context
contextualism
contextualism/formalism
contiguity, law of
contiguous
continence
continental philosophy
contingency
continuity
continuum
continuum hypothesis
contract, social
contractarianism
contradiction
contradictory
contrapositive
contrary
contrary-to-fact conditional
convention
convention T
conventionalism
conversational implicature
converse
converse fallacy of the accident
conversion
Conway, Lady Anne Finch (1631–79)
cooperative principle
coordination problem
coordinative definitions
Copenhagen interpretation
Copernican revolution
Copernicus, Nicolaus (1473–1543)
copula
Cordemoy, Géraud de (1626–84)
coreferential
corollary
corporeal
corpuscularianism
corrective justice
correspondence theory of truth
corrigible
corroboration
cosmogony
cosmological argument
cosmology
cosmos
count-noun
counter-induction
counterexample
counterfactual conditional
counterpart theory
counting
courage
Cournot, Antoin Augustin (1801–77)
Cousin, Victor (1792–1867)
Couturat, Louis (1868–1914)
covering law model
Craig's theorem
Crates of Thebes (c.365–285 bc)
Cratylus
creatio ex nihilo
creation
creationism
credo quia absurdum est
credo quia impossibile est
credo ut intelligam
Crescas, Hasdai ben Abraham (c.1340–c.1412)
crisis theology
criterion
criterion of identity
critical idealism
critical legal studies
critical realism
critical theory
Croce, Benedetto (1866–1952)
crucial experiment
Crusius, Christian August (1715–75)
Cudworth, Ralph (1617–88)
cultural relativism
culture
Culverwel, Nathanael (c.1618–c.1651)
Cumberland, Richard (1631–1718)
Curry's paradox
curve-fitting problem
custom
cut elimination theorem
cybernetics
Cynics
Cyrenaics
d'Alembert, Jean le Rond (1717–83)
daimon
Damascius (c.462–c.550)
Dante Alighieri (1265–1321)
Danto, Arthur C. (1924–2013)
dao
darshana
Darwin machine
Darwin, Charles Robert (1809–82)
Darwinism
Dasein
datum
Davidson, Donald Herbert (1917–2003)
de
de facto/de jure
de Finetti, Bruno (1906–85)
de gustibus non disputandum
de Maistre, Joseph Marie (1753–1821)
De Morgan's laws
De Morgan, Augustus (1806–71)
de re/de dicto
de Ruggiero, Guido (1888–1948)
death
death of God
death with dignity
death-of-the-author
deceit
decidability
decision problem
decision procedure
decision theory
deconstruction
Dedekind cut
Dedekind, Julius Wilhelm Richard (1831–1916)
deduction
deduction theorem
deductive closure principle
deep/surface structure
defeasible
deferred ostension
definiendum
definiens
definist fallacy
definite description
definition
deflationary theories of truth
degree
degrees of perfection argument
deictic
deism
deixis
Deleuze, Gilles (1925–95)
deliberation
delusion
demarcation problem
Demetrius Lacon
demiurge
democracy
democracy, paradox of
Democritus of Abdera (c.460–c.370 bc)
demonstration
demonstrative reasoning
demonstratives
demythologizing
Dennett, Daniel Clement (1942– )
denotation
denote
denoting phrase
dense order
denumerable/non-denumerable
deny
denying the antecedent
denying the consequent
deontic
deontic logic
deontic paradoxes
deontological ethics
depiction
depth grammar
Derrida, Jacques (1930–2004)
Descartes, René (1596–1650)
description, knowledge by
descriptions, theory of
descriptive meaning
descriptivism
desert
design, argument from or to
designate
designated value
designator
desire
despair
destiny
detachment
determinable/determinate
determinism
determinism, biological
deus ex machina
deus sive natura
deviant causal chain
Dewey, John (1859–1952)
dharma
Dharmakirti
diachronic
diagonal procedure
dialectic
dialectical materialism
dialectical school
dialectical theology
dialetheia
diallelon
dianoia
dichotomy
dichotomy paradox
a dicto secundum quid ad dictum simpliciter
a dicto simpliciter ad dictum secundum quid
dictum de omni et nullo
Diderot, Denis (1713–84)
différance
difference principle
difference, method of
differentia
Digby, Kenelm (1603–65)
dignity
dilemma
dilemma of determinism
dilemmas, moral
Dilthey, Wilhelm (1833–1911)
Ding an sich
Diodorus Cronus
Diogenes Laertius
Diogenes of Apollonia
Diogenes of Sinope (c.400–325 bc)
Dionysian
Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite (c.ad 500)
Diotima of Mantinea
direct realism
direction of fit
dirty hands argument
disanalogy
disappearance theory
disconfirmation
discourse
discourse ethics
discourse semantics
discovery, logic of
discrimination
disembodiment
disenchantment
disjoint
disjunct
disjunction
disjunction elimination
disjunction introduction
disposition
disquotational theory of truth
distributed
distribution
distribution of terms
distributive justice
distributive laws
disvalue
divided line
divine attributes
divine command
divine foreknowledge
division, fallacy of
doctor
Dodgson, Charles Lutwidge (1832–98)
Dōgen Kigen (1200–53)
dogma
domain
dominance
doomsday argument
Dostoevsky, Fyodor (1821–81)
double aspect theory
double effect, principle of
double negation
double truth
double-mindedness
doubt
doubt, Cartesian
doxa
doxastic logic
doxography
dravya
dread
dreams
Du Châtelet-Lomont, Gabrielle-Émilie (1706–49)
dualism
DuBois, William Edward Burghardt (1868–1963)
Ducasse, Curt John (1881–1969)
duck-rabbit
Duhem thesis
Duhem, Pierre Maurice Marie (1861–1916)
Dühring, Eugen Karl (1833–71)
Dummett, Michael Anthony Eardley (1925–2011)
Duns Scotus, John (c.1266–1308)
duration
Durkheim, Émile (1858–1917)
Dutch book
duty
Dworkin, Ronald (1931–2013)
dyadic
dynamic logic
dynamis/energeia
dyslogistic
dystopia
Eckhart, Johannes von Hochheim (c.1260–1328)
eclecticism
Eco, Umberto (1932– )
ecofeminism
ecology
economic man
economics, philosophy of
economism
ecstasy
ectype
education, philosophy of
Edwards, Jonathan (1703–58)
effect
effective procedure
efficient cause
effluxes, theory of
egalitarianism
ego
egocentric particular
egocentric predicament
egoism
eidetic images
eidetiker
eidola
eidos
eightfold path
eikasia
Einfühlung
Einstein, Albert (1879–1955)
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen thought experiment
élan vital
Eleatic stranger
Eleatics
elective affinity
elenchus
eliminative induction
eliminativism
Elis
élitism
Elizabeth of Bohemia (1618–80)
ellipsis
Elster, Jon (1940– )
emanationism
embodiment
emergent properties
Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1803–82)
eminently
emotion
emotive meaning
emotivism
empathy
Empedocles of Acragas (c.495–c.435 bc)
empirical
empiricism
empirio-criticism
empty set
en-soi
enantiomorphs
Encyclopédie
end in itself
endoxon
ends and means
endurance/perdurance
energeia
energeticism
energy
Engels, Friedrich (1820–95)
Enlightenment
Enneads
ens rationis
ens realissimum
entailment
entelechy
enthusiasm
enthymeme
entity
entrenchment
entropy
enumerable
enumerative induction
envelope paradox
environmental ethics
eo ipso
epapogē
ephemeral, fallacy of the
Epictetus (c.ad 55–135)
Epicureanism
Epicurus (341–270 bc)
epigone
Epimenides
epiphany
epiphenomenalism
epiphenomenon
epistemic logic
epistemic privacy
epistemic relativism
epistemics
epistemology
epochē
equality
equipollence
equivalence relation
equivalence, material
equivalent
equivocate
Er, myth of
Erasmus, Desiderius (1466)
erastianism
erasure
Erfahrung
ergo
Erinyes
eristic
Eriugena, Johannes Scottus (c.810–c.877)
Erlebnis
eros
erotetic
error theory
eschatology
esoteric
ESP
esse est percipi
essence
essentialism
essentially contested concepts
eternal return
eternity
ether
ethical constructivism
ethical formalism
ethical naturalism
ethical objectivism
ethical relativism
ethics
ethics, applied
ethnology
ethnomethodology
Eubilides
Euclid (fl. c.300 bc)
eudaimonia
eudaimonism
Eudemus of Rhodes
Eudoxus of Cnidus (c.408–c.355 bc)
eulogistic/dyslogistic
euthanasia, active/passive
Euthyphro dilemma
evaluative
Evans, Gareth (1946–80)
event
evidence
evil genie
evil, problem of
evolution
evolutionary ethics
evolutionary psychology
evolutionism
ex falso quodlibet
ex nihilo nihil fit
examination paradox
exaptation
exchangeability
excluded middle, principle of
exclusive/exhaustive
exclusive/inclusive disjunction
exhaustive
existence
existence precedes essence
existential generalization
existential import
existential instantiation
existential proposition
existential psychology
existential quantifier
existentialism
exoteric
expected utility
experience
experiment
experimentum crucis
explanans/explanandum
explanation
explication
exploitation
exportation
expression
expressivism
extension/intension
extensionality, axiom of
external relations
external world
externalism
extrasensory perception
extrinsic properties
extrinsic value
fa
fact
fact/value distinction
facticity
factive
faculty psychology
faith
faith, bad/good
fallacy
fallibilism
false
false consciousness
false pleasure
falsidical
falsifiability
falsification
family resemblance
fancy
Fanon, Frantz (1925–61)
Faraday, Michael (1791–1867)
fascism
fatalism
Fechner, Gustav Theodor (1801–87)
federalism
feeling
felicific calculus
felicity conditions
feminism
feminist ethics
Fénelon, François de Salignac de la Mothe (1651–1715)
feng shui
Ferguson, Adam (1723–1816)
Feuerbach, Ludwig Andreas (1804–72)
Feyerabend, Paul Karl (1924–94)
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb (1762–1814)
Ficino, Marsilio (1433–99)
fiction
fictional names
fictionalism
fideism
fides quaerens intellectum
field
field theory, quantum
figure
Filmer, Robert (1588–1653)
final cause
finitary methods
finite set
finitism
finkish
first cause argument
first philosophy
first principles
first-order language
first-order logic
Five Ways, the
flaccid designator
Fludd, Robert (1574–1637)
flux, doctrine of
flying arrow paradox
Fodor, Jerry Alan (1935– )
folk psychology
follow
Fontenelle, Bernard Le Bovier de (1657–1757)
Foot, Philippa (1920–2010)
Fordyce, David (1711–51)
foreknowledge
forensic
forgery
forgiveness
forgiveness, paradox of
form of life
form, substantial
formal cause
formal implication
formal language
formal system
formal/material mode of speech
formalism in art
formalism, legal
formalism, logical
formally, virtually, and eminently
formation rules
forms
forms of argument
Forrester's paradox
a fortiori
Foucault, Michel (1926–84)
Foucher, Simon (1644–96)
foundationalism
Four Books
four causes, doctrine of the
four humours
four noble truths
four-term fallacy
fourth dimension
frame problem
Frankfurt school
Franklin, Benjamin (1706–90)
free logic
free riders
free speech
free variable
free will
free will defence
freedom of speech
freedom, positive/negative
Frege, Gottlob (1848–1925)
Frege-Geach argument
frequency theory of probability
Freud, Sigmund (1856–1939)
friendship
fulguration
function, biological
function, logical
functional explanation
functional kind
functionalism
functor
fundamentum divisionis
future
future contingents
future generations
futurology
fuzzy sets/fuzzy logic
Gadadhara Bhattacharya (1604–1709)
Gadamer, Hans-Georg (1900–2002)
Gaia
Galen of Pergamum (ad 129–c.210)
Galilean world view
Galileo Galilei (1564–1642)
gambler's fallacy
game theory
gamete
Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (1869–1948)
Gangesa (fl. c.1325)
Gassendi, Pierre (1592–1655)
Gauguin problem
Gautama, Aksapada
Geach, Peter Thomas (1916–2013)
Gedankenexperiment
Geist
gender
genderlect
gene
genealogy
general will
generalization
generative grammar
generosity
genetic fallacy
genome
genotype
Gentile, Giovanni (1875–1944)
gentle murder, paradox of
Gentzen, Gerhard Karl Erich (1909–45)
genus
geometry
Gerard of Cremona (1114–87)
Gerard, Alexander (1728–95)
Gerdil, Giancinto Sigismondo (1718–1802)
Gerson, Jean (1363–1429)
Gersonides (1288–1344)
Gestalt
Gettier examples
Geulincx, Arnold (1624–69)
ghost in the machine
Giles of Rome (c.1247–1316)
Gilson, Étienne (1884–1978)
given, the
Glanvill, Joseph (1636–80)
glossolalia
gnosis
gnosticism
gnothi se auton
God
God of the gaps
God, arguments against the existence of
God, arguments for the existence of
God, attributes of
Gödel numbering
Gödel's theorem(s)
Gödel, Kurt (1906–78)
Godwin, William (1756–1836)
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749–1832)
Goldbach's conjecture
golden age
golden mean
golden rule
good
good in itself
good will
Goodman's paradox
Goodman, Nelson (1906–98)
Gorgias of Leontini (c.485–c.380 bc)
grace
Gracián y Morales, Baltasar (1601–58)
grammar
grammar, deep and surface
grammatical form
Gramsci, Antonio (1891–1937)
gratitude
great-souled man
greatest happiness principle
Green, Thomas Hill (1836–82)
Gregory of Rimini (c.1300–58)
Grelling's paradox
Grice, Herbert Paul (1913–88)
Grosseteste, Robert (c.1168–1253)
Grotius, Hugo (1583–1645)
grue
guardians
guilt / shame
guru
Gyges
Habermas, Jürgen (1929– )
Hacking, Ian (1936– )
haecceity
Haeckel, Ernst Heinrich (1834–1919)
Hägerström, Axel Anders (1868–1939)
Halevi, Judah (c.1075–1141)
hallucination
halting problem
Hamann, Johann Georg (1730–88)
hamartia
Hamilton, William (1788–1856)
happiness
hardware/software
Hare, Richard Mervyn (1919–2002)
harm
harmony of the spheres
harmony, pre-established
Hart, Herbert Lionel Adolphus (1907–92)
Hartley, David (1705–57)
Hartmann, Eduard von (1842–1906)
Hartmann, Nicolai (1882–1950)
Hartshorne, Charles (1897–2000)
hatha-yoga
Hayek, Friedrich (1899–1992)
heap, paradox of the
heaven
hedonic calculus
hedonism
hedonism, paradox of
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770–1831)
Hegelianism
hegemony
Heidegger, Martin (1889–1976)
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
hell
Helmholtz, Hermann von (1821–94)
Héloïse (1101–64)
Helvétius, Claude-Adrien (1715–71)
Hempel's paradox
Hempel, Carl Gustav (1905–97)
henological argument
henotheism
Henry of Ghent (c.1217–93)
Heraclides of Pontus
Heraclitus of Ephesus (d. after 480 bc)
Herbart, Johann Friedrich (1776–1841)
Herbert of Cherbury, Edward (c.1583–1648)
Herder, Johann Gottfried (1744–1803)
hereditary property
heresy
heritability
hermeneutic circle
hermeneutics
Hermetic corpus
hermeticism
Hertz, Heinrich Rudolf (1857–94)
Herzen, Alexander Ivanovich (1812–70)
Hesiod (c.700 bc)
heterodox
heterological
heterologicality, paradox of
heteronomy
heterophenomenology
heuristic
hierarchy
Hierocles
higher-order logic
Hilbert's programme
Hinduism
Hintikka, Jaakko (1929– )
Hipparchia
Hippasus of Metapontum
Hippias (c.485–415 bc)
Hippocrates
historical explanation
historical materialism
historicism
history, philosophy of
Hobbes, Thomas (1588–1679)
Holbach, Paul-Henri Thiry, Baron d' (1723–89)
Hölderlin, Johann Christian Friedrich (1770–1843)
holism
holy spirit
holy will
homo economicus
homoeomereity
homoiousion
homological
homomorphism
homonyms
homoousion
homosexuality
homuncular functionalism
homunculus
Hooker, Richard (1554–1600)
Horkheimer, Max (1895–1973)
horns of dilemma
horseshoe
hsü
Hsün Tzu (fl. 298–238 bc)
Huai Nan Tzu
hubris
human nature
humanism
humanity, principle of
Humboldt, Wilhelm von (1767–1835)
Hume's fork
Hume's law
Hume's principle
Hume, David (1711–76)
humour
humours, doctrine of the four
Husserl, Edmund Gustav Albert (1859–1938)
Hutcheson, Francis (1694–1746)
Huxley, Thomas Henry (1825–95)
hylē
hylomorphism
hylozoism
Hypatia (c.370–415)
hypostasis
hypostatic union
hypothesis
hypothetical
hypothetical imperative
hypothetico-deductive method
Hyppolite, Jean-Gaston (1907–68)
I and thou
I ching
Iamblichus (c.ad 245–c.325)
Ibn Bajja
Ibn Daud, Abraham ben David Hallevi (c.1110–80)
Ibn Gabirol, Solomon (1021)
Ibn Khaldun, Abd al-Rahman (1336–1406)
Ibn Miskawayh, Ahmad ibn Muhammad (c.940–1030)
Ibn Rushd
Ibn Sina
Ibn Tufayl, Abu Bakr Muhammad (d. 1185)
icon
iconoclasm
idea
ideal evidence, paradox of
ideal language
ideal limit theory of truth
ideal market
ideal observer
idealism
idealization
ideational theory of meaning
identity
identity of indiscernibles
identity theory of mind
identity theory of predication
ideology
idiographic  / nomothetic methods
idiolect
idols of the mind
if
iff
ignoratio elenchi
illicit major
illicit minor
illocutionary act
Illuminationism
illusion, arguments from
image
imagination
imitation game
immanent
immaterialism
immediate
immortality
immutability
impartial spectator
impartiality
imperative
implication
implicature
implicit definition
import, existential
impossibility
impredicative definition
inalienable
inauthenticity
inclusive/exclusive disjunction
incoherent
incommensurable
incompatibilist
incomplete symbol
incompleteness
incompossible
incongruent counterparts
inconsistent
incontinence
incorrigible
indefinite description
independence
indeterminacy of translation
indeterminism
indexical
indicative
indicative conditionals
indicator word
indifference, principle of
indirect proof
indirect utilitarianism
indiscernibility of identicals
individual
individualism
individuation, principle of
indubitable
induction
induction by elimination
induction by enumeration
induction, mathematical
inductive logic
ineffable
inequality
inertial frame
inevitability
inference
inference to the best explanation
inferential role semantics
infima species
infinitary logic
infinite divisibility
infinite regress
infinite set
infinitesimal
infinity
infinity, axiom of
infirmation
informal fallacy
information theory
Ingarden, Roman Witold (1893–1970)
innate ideas
inscrutability of reference
instinct
institutional facts
institutional theory of art
institutions
instrumental value
instrumentalism
insufficient reason, principle of
integrity
intelligence
intelligent design
intension
intensional logic
intensive magnitude
intention
intentional fallacy
intentionality
inter finitum et infinitum non est pro-portio
interactionism
interests
internalism/externalism
interpretation
intersection
intersubjectivity
intervening variables
intolerance
intrinsic  / extrinsic properties
introspection
intuition
intuition pump
intuitionism
intuitionism
intuitionistic logic
invalid
inventio medii
inverse methods
inversion
inverted spectrum
invisible hand
Ionian school
iota operator
ipso facto
Irigaray, Luce (1930– )
irrational number
irrationalism
irrealism
irreflexive
is
is/ought gap
Ishmael effect
Isocrates (436–338bc)
isolationism
isomorphic
Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich (1743–1819)
Jainism
James, William (1842–1910)
James-Lange theory of emotion
Jansenism
Jaspers, Karl (1883–1969)
Jefferson, Thomas (1743–1826)
jen
Jevons, William Stanley (1835–82)
Joachim of Fiore (1135–1202)
John of Salisbury (1115)
Johnson, Alexander Bryan (1786–1867)
Johnson, Samuel (1696–1772)
Johnson, Samuel (1709–84)
Johnson, William Ernest (1858–1931)
judgement
judicial review
Jung, Carl Gustav (1875–1961)
jurisprudence
just so story
just war
justice as fairness
justice, commutative
justice, distributive
justice, retributive
justification
justification by faith
Justinian (ad 482–565)
kabbala
kalam
Kant, Immanuel (1724–1804)
karma
katalepsis
katharsis
Kelsen, Hans (1881–1973)
Kemp Smith, Norman (1872–1958)
Kepler, Johannes (1571–1630)
Keynes, John Maynard (1883–1946)
Kierkegaard, Søren Aabye (1813–55)
killing
Kilvington, Richard (1302)
kind, natural
kinesis
KK-thesis
knowledge
knowledge by acquaintance and description
knowledge de re/de dicto
knowledge, causal theory of
koan
Köhler, Wolfgang (1887–1967)
König's paradox
Kotarbinski, Tadeusz (1886–1981)
Krause, Karl Christian Friedrich (1781–1832)
Kripke semantics
Kripke, Saul Aaron (1940– )
Kristeva, Julia (1941– )
Kristina Wasa (1626–89)
Kropotkin, Peter (1842–1921)
Kuhn, Thomas Samuel (1922–96)
Kundalini
Kyoto school
La Bruyère, Jean de (1645–96)
La Forge, Louis de (1632–66)
La Mettrie, Julien Offroy de (1709–51)
La Mothe le Vayer, François de (1588–1672)
La Rochefoucauld, François, duc de (1613–80)
labour theory of value
Labriola, Antonio (1843–1904)
Lacan, Jacques (1901–81)
laissez-faire
Lakatos, Imre (1922–74)
Lamarckism
lambda notation
Lambert, Johann Heinrich (1728–77)
Lamy, Bernard (1640–1715)
Lange, Friedrich Albert (1828–75)
language game
language of thought hypothesis
language, philosophy of
langue/parole
Lao Tzu
Laplace, Pierre Simon de (1749–1827)
large numbers, law of
Lassalle, Ferdinand (1825–64)
lateral thinking
Latitudinarianism
laughter
law of effect
law, philosophy of
lawlike
laws of nature
laws of thought
lazy sophism
learning paradox
least upper bound
Lebensphilosophie
lect
left
legal positivism
legal realism
legalism
Leibniz's law
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646–1716)
lemma
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich (1870–1924)
Lesniewski, Stanislaw (1886–1939)
Lessing, Gotthold Ephram (1729–81)
Leucippus of Miletus (fl. 450–420 bc)
Lévi-Strauss, Claude (1908–2009)
Leviathan
Levinas, Emmanuel (1906–95)
Lévy-Bruhl, Lucien (1875–1913)
Lewis, Clarence Irving (1883–1964)
Lewis, David (1941–2002)
lexeme
lexical
li
Liar paradox
liberalism
libertarianism
libertarianism
libertins
liberty
licentious
Lichtenberg, Georg Cristoph (1742–99)
life
life, form of
life, meaning of
life, value of
light
limit number
limited independent variety, principle of
line, image of the
linear ordering
linguistic acts
linguistic determinism/relativism
linguistic philosophy
Lipsius, Justus (1547–1606)
literature, philosophy of
locality
Locke, John (1632–1704)
locutionary act
logic
logic, traditional
logical atomism
logical calculus
logical consequence
logical constants
logical construction
logical empiricism
logical fiction
logical form
logical implication
logical paradoxes
logical positivism
logical product
logical subject
logical sum
logical theory
logical truth
logically perfect language
logically private language
logically proper name
logicism
logistic method
logocentrism
logomachy
logos
Lombard, Peter (1095)
loneliness
Longinus
lottery paradox
Lotze, Rudolf Hermann (1817–81)
love
Lovejoy, Arthur O. (1873–1962)
Löwenheim-Skolem theorem
loyalty
Lucretius (99)
Lukács, György (1885–1971)
Łukasiewicz, Jan (1878–1956)
Lull, Ramon (c.1232–1316)
lust
Luther, Martin (1483–1546)
Lyceum
lying
Lyotard, Jean-François (1924–98)
Mach's principle
Mach, Ernst (1838–1916)
Machiavelli, Niccolò (1469–1527)
MacIntyre, Alasdair C. (1929– )
macrocosm and microcosm
Madhva (c.1238–c.1317)
Madhyamika
magic
magnitude
Magus of the North
Mahavira
maieutic method
Maimon, Salomon (1754–1800)
Maimonides (1135–1204)
major premise
major term
Major, John (1467–1550)
majority tyranny
Makropoulos case
Malebranche, Nicolas (1638–1715)
malin génie
Malthus, Thomas Robert (1766–1834)
Mandeville, Bernard (c.1670–1733)
Manichaeanism
manifest image
manifold
Mannheim, Karl (1893–1947)
mantra
many questions, fallacy of
many-sorted logic
many-valued logic
Maoism
Marburg school
Marcel, Gabriel (1889–1973)
Marcus Aurelius
Marcus, Ruth Barcan (1921–2012)
Marcuse, Herbert (1898–1979)
Maritain, Jacques (1882–1973)
markets
Marsilius of Padua (1275)
Martineau, Harriet (1802–1876)
Martineau, James (1805–1900)
Marx, Karl (1818–83)
Marxism
masculinity
Masham, Damaris (1658–1708)
masked man fallacy
mass noun
master argument
master/slave morality
materia prima
material adequacy condition
material cause
material contradiction
material implication
material implication, paradoxes of
material mode of speech
materialism
mathematical induction
mathematical logic
mathematics, philosophy of
matter
matter of fact
maxim
maximin principle
maya
McTaggart, John McTaggart Ellis (1866–1925)
Mead, George Herbert (1863–1931)
mean
mean
meaning
meaning postulates
means-ends reasoning
measurement
mechanism
median
medical ethics
Megarian school
Meinong, Alexius von (1853–1920)
meiosis
meliorism
Melissus of Samos (fl. 441–440 bc)
meme
memory
Mencius (371–289bc)
Mendelssohn, Moses (1729–86)
Meno's puzzle
mens rea
mental causation
mental events
mental illness
mental reservation
Mentalese
mentality
mention (and use) of words
mereological sum
mereology
merit
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice (1908–61)
Mersenne, Marin (1588–1648)
metaethics
metahistory
metalanguage
metalogic
metamathematics
metamerism
metaphilosophy
metaphor
metaphysics
metempsychosis
method
method of doubt
methodological holism
methodological individualism
methodological solipsism
methodology
methods of agreement, concomitant variation, difference
microcosm
middle knowledge
Middle Platonism
middle term
Milesian school
Mill's methods
Mill, James (1773–1836)
Mill, John Stuart (1806–73)
millenarianism
millet seed paradox
Mimamsa
mimesis
mind, philosophy of
mind-body problem
minimalism
minor premise
minor term
miracle
mixture of labour
mnemic causation
Mo Tzu
modal logic
modal realism
modality
mode
model
model
model theory
modernism
modulo
modus ponens
modus tollendo ponens
modus tollens
moksha
molecularism
Molina, Luis de (1535–1600)
Molinism
Molyneux's problem
momentariness
monad
monadic
Monadology
monism
monophysite
monotheism
Montague grammar
Montaigne, Michel Eyquem de (1533–92)
Monte Carlo fallacy
Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, baron de (1689–1755)
Monty Hall problem
mood
Moore's paradox
Moore, George Edward (1873–1958)
moot
moral argument for the existence of God
moral dilemmas
moral law
moral luck
moral motivation
moral particularism
moral philosophy
moral psychology
moral realism
moral rearmament
moral relativism
moral scepticism
moral sense theory
moral status
moral virtues
moralistes
morality
More, Henry (1614–87)
More, Thomas (1477)
morpheme
Moses ben Maimon
motion
motivation
mover, unmoved
moving rows paradox
Mu'takallimun
Mu'tazilites
Mulla Sadra (1571–1641)
Müller-Lyer illusion
multi-valued logic
Murdoch, Iris Jean (1919–99)
music
music of the spheres
mutatis mutandis
mutually exclusive/jointly exhaustive
mysticism
myth of Er
myth of the cave
myth of the given
n-place operation
n-place predicate
Naess, Arne (1912–2009)
Nagarjuna
Nagel, Ernest (1901–85)
Nagel, Thomas (1937– )
naive realism
naive subjectivism
name, logically proper
narrative competence
Nash equilibrium
nativism
natural deduction
natural kind
natural language
natural law theory
natural laws
natural numbers
natural rights
natural selection
natural theology
naturalism
naturalistic ethics
naturalistic fallacy
naturalized epistemology
nature
Naturphilosophie
necessary and sufficient conditions
necessary existence
necessary/contingent truths
a necesse ad esse valet consequentia
necessity
needs
negation
negative freedom
negative theology
Neo-Confucianism
Neo-Kantianism
Neo-Pythagoreanism
Neo-Taoism
Neo-Thomism
Neoplatonism
Nestorianism
neural net
Neurath's boat
Neurath, Otto (1882–1945)
neurolinguistics
neuroscience
neustic
neutral monism
New Academy
New England transcendentalism
new realism
new riddle of induction
Newcomb's paradox
Newman, John Henry (1801–90)
Newton's laws of motion
Newton, Isaac (1642–1727)
nexus
Nicholas of Autrecourt (c.1300–69)
Nicholas of Cusa (1401–64)
Nicod's criterion
Nicole, Pierre (1625–95)
Nietzsche, Friedrich (1844–1900)
nihil in intellectu nisi prius in sensu
nihilism
nirvana
Nishida Kitaro (1870–1945)
Nishitani Keiji (1900–1990)
nisus
no false lemmas principle
no-ownership theory
noble lie
noble savage
noema
noēsis
noetic
nomic
nominal definition
nominalism
nomological
nomothetic
non sequitur
non-being
non-cognitivism
non-constructive methods
non-contradiction, principle of
non-Euclidean geometry
non-monotonic logic
non-natural properties
norm
normal form
normative
Norris, John (1675–1711)
notation, logical
nothing
noumenon
nous
Novalis
Nozick, Robert (1938–2002)
null set
nullibism
number
numbers, law of large
Numenius of Apamea
Nussbaum, Martha (1947– )
Nyaya
Oakeshott, Michael Joseph (1901–90)
object language
objectivism
objectual vs. substitutional quantifi- cation
obligation
obligationes
oblique context
obscenity
observation
obverse
occasionalism
Ockham's razor
Ockham, William of (c.1285–1349)
Oedipus complex
Olivi, Peter John (1247)
Om Mani Padme Hum
omega
omega-complete, omega-consistent
omissions
omnipotence, paradox of
omnipresence
omniscience
one over many principle
one-place predicate
one-to-one correspondence
onomastics
ontic
ontological argument
ontological commitment
ontology
opacity and transparency
open question argument
open sentence
open society/closed society
open texture
operation
operationalism
operator
opposites
oppression
optimific
optimism and pessimism
or
order
ordered n-tuple
ordered pair
ordering relation
ordinal number
ordinary language
orexis
organic
organicism
organism, philosophy of
Organon
Origen (c.185–c.254)
original position
original sin
Orphism
Ortega y Gasset, José (1883–1955)
orthodox
ostensive definition
other minds
Other, the
other-regarding
ouden mallon
ought
ousia
overdetermination
overman
Owen, Robert (1771–1858)
owl of Minerva
Oxford Calculators
The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy
Oxford philosophy
pain
Paine, Thomas (1737–1809)
Paley, William (1743–1805)
Panaetius of Rhodes (c.185–109 bc)
panentheism
panglossian
panpsychism
pantheism
Pantheismusstreit
Paracelsus (1493)
paraconsistent logic
paradiastole
paradigm
paradigm case argument
paradox
parallel distributed processing
parallelism
paralogism
paranormal
parapsychology
paratactic
Pareto principle
Parfit, Derek (1942– )
Parmenides of Elea (b. c.515 bc)
parole
paronym
parsimony, law of
parsing
partial ordering
particularism
particulars
Pascal's wager
Pascal, Blaise (1623–62)
passion
passive euthanasia
past
paternalism
pathetic fallacy
Patocka, Jan (1907–77)
patriarchy
patristics
Paul of Venice (c.1369–1429)
Pavlovian conditioning
Peano's postulates
Pearson, Karl (1857–1936)
Peirce's law
Peirce, Charles Sanders (1839–1914)
Pelagianism
per accidens
per genus et differentiam
per se notum
perception
percepts
Percival, Tomas (1740–1804)
perdurance
perfect competition
perfect duty
perfect right
perfectibility
perfection
perfection, principle of
perfectionism
performance
performative utterances
Peripatetic school
peritrope
perlocutionary acts
Perry, Ralph Barton (1876–1957)
perseity
person
personal equation
personal identity
personalism
perspectivism
persuasive definition
pessimism
Peter Lombard
Peter of Spain (c.1205–77)
petitio principii
Petrarch (1304–74)
Phaedrus (c.140–70 bc)
Pharisees
phatic
phenomena bene fundata
phenomenalism
phenomenology
phenomenon
phenotype
Philip the Chancellor (1160)
Philo Judaeus (c.20 bc–c. ad 50)
Philo of Alexandria
Philo of Larissa (160–c.80 bc)
Philo(n) the Dialectician
Philodemus of Gadara (c.110–c.40 bc)
Philolaus of Croton (c.470–390 bc)
Philoponus, John (c. ad 490–c.570)
philosopher king
philosophes
philosophia perennis
philosophical anthropology
philosophical radicals
philosophy
phonetics
phonocentrism
phoronomy
phrastic/neustic
phronēsis
physicalism
physico-theological argument
physics, philosophy of
physis
Piaget, Jean (1896–1980)
Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni (1463–94)
picture theory of meaning
pietism
Plato (c.429–347 bc)
platonic love
Platonism
pleasure
pleasure principle
Plekhanov, Georgy Valentinovich (1856–1918)
plenitude, principle of
plenum
pleonotetic logic
Plotinus (c. ad 205–70)
pluralism
pluralitive logic
plurality of causes
Plutarch (c. ad 50–c.120)
pneuma
pneumatology
poiēsis
Poincaré, Jules Henri (1854–1912)
polar concepts
polis
Polish logic
Polish notation
politics, philosophy of
polyadic
polysemy
polysyllogism
polytheism
Pomponazzi, Pietro (1462–1525)
pons asinorum
Popper, Karl Raimund (1902–1994)
population
pornography
Porphyry (c. ad 232–305)
Port-Royal
Posidonius of Apamea (c.135–51 bc)
posit
positive freedom
positive law/positive theology
positivism
possibility
possible worlds
post hoc ergo propter hoc
Post, Emil Leon (1897–1954)
a posteriori
postmodernism
poststructuralism
postulate
potentiality
pour-soi
poverty of the stimulus
power
power
power set
practical reason
practical syllogism
praedicabilia
praedicamenta
pragmatic contradiction
pragmatic theory of truth
pragmaticism
pragmatics
pragmatism
praise and blame
pramana
praxeology
praxis
prayer
pre-established harmony
precognition
predestination
predetermination
predicables
predicate
predicate calculus
predication
predicative
predictability
prediction paradox
preexistence
preface paradox
preference-utilitarianism
premise
prenex normal form
prescriptive definitions
prescriptivism
presence, metaphysics of
presentism, pastism
Presocratics
presupposition
pretending
Price, Richard (1723–91)
Prichard, Harold Arthur (1871–1947)
Priestley, Joseph (1733–1804)
prima facie
primary/secondary qualities
prime matter
prime mover
primum mobile
principium individuationis
principle of charity
principle of contradiction or noncon- tradiction
principle of double effect
principle of excluded middle
principle of indifference
principle of individuation
principle of insufficient reason
principle of plenitude
principle of sufficient reason
principle of utility
principle of verifiability
prior probability
a priori/a posteriori
prisoners' dilemma
privacy
privacy
private language
private/public distinction
privileged access
pro tanto
pro-attitude
probabilism
probability, philosophy of
problem of evil
problem of induction
problem of other minds
problematic
procedural justice
procedural semantics
process
process-product ambiguity
Proclus (c.410–85)
Prodicus
progress
prohairetic logic
projectibility
projectivism
prolepsis
proletariat
promise
proof
proof theory
propaganda
propensity
proper names
proper subset
property
property
proposition
propositional attitude
propositional calculus
propositional function
proprium
prosentential theory of truth
prosody
Protagoras of Abdera (c.490–420 bc)
protasis
Protestant work ethic
protocol statements
prototype theory
protrepticus
Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph (1809–65)
Providence
proximate/remote cause
proxy function
prudence
Pseudo-Dionysius
pseudo-statement
psyche
psychical research
psychoanalysis
psychokinesis
psycholinguistics
psychological egoism
psychological hedonism
psychologism
psychophysical laws
psychophysical parallelism
Ptolemaic system
Ptolemy (fl. ad 146–170)
public choice
Pufendorf, Samuel von (1632–94)
punishment
pure
purusa
putative
Putnam, Hilary (1926– )
Pyrrho of Elis (c.365–275 bc)
Pythagoras (b. c.570 bc)
Qi
qua
quadrivium
quaestio
qualia
qualitative identity
qualities
qualities, primary/secondary
quality of life
quantification theory
quantifier
quantifier shift fallacy
quantity of propositions
quantum logic
quantum mechanics
quasi-memory
quasi-realism
question, begging the
quiddity
quietism
Quine, Willard van Orman (1908–2000)
Quine-Duhem thesis
quintessence
Quintilian, Marcus Fabius (c. ad 35–c.90)
quotation
racecourse paradox
racism
Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli (1888–1975)
radical interpretation
radical translation
Ramakrishna movement
ramified theory of types
Ramsey sentence
Ramsey test
Ramsey, Frank Plumpton (1903–30)
Ramus, Petrus (1515–82)
Rand, Ayn (1905–82)
random variable
randomness
range
range theory of probability
ratiocination
rational
rational choice theory
rational number
rational reconstruction
rationalism
rationality
rationalization
ravens, paradox of
Rawls, John (1921–2002)
reader response theory
real
real definition
real essence
real number
realism/anti-realism
reality
reason
reason, principle of insufficient
reasoning
reasons/causes
reciprocity
recognition
recollection, argument from
recurrence, eternal
recursive
redefinition, high/low
reducibility, axiom of
reductio ad absurdum
reduction sentence
reductionism
redundancy theory of truth
reference
referent
referentially opaque/transparent
reflective equilibrium
reflexive
refute
regimentation
regress
regulative principles
Reichenbach, Hans (1891–1953)
Reid, Thomas (1710–96)
reification
reincarnation
Reinhold, Karl Leonhard (1758–1823)
relation
relations of ideas
relations, internal/external
relative identity
relativism
relativity theory
relevance logics
reliabilism
religion, philosophy of
religious experience
religious language
remainder
remembering
remote cause
Renouvier, Charles (1815–1903)
replacement, axiom of
representation theorem
representation, political
representationalism
representative theory of perception
republicanism
res cogitans
res extensa
residues, method of
respect for persons
responsibility
resurrection
retributive justice
retrocausation
retrodiction
revealed theology
revelation
revenge
revolution
rhetic
rhetoric
Richard Rufus (d. c.1260)
Richard's paradox
Ricoeur, Paul (1913–2005)
right
right action
rights
rigid designator
ring of Gyges
Romanticism
Rorarius, Hieronymus (1485–1556)
Rorty, Richard McKay (1931–2007)
Roscelin de Compiègne (c.1050–c.1125)
Rosicrucianism
Rosmini-Serbati, Antonio (1797–1855)
Ross, Alf (1899–1979)
Ross, William David (1877–1971)
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712–78)
Royce, Josiah (1855–1916)
rule of inference
rule of law
rule of succession
rule utilitarianism
rule-following considerations
rule/principle
Russell's paradox
Russell, Bertrand Arthur William (1872–1970)
Ryle, Gilbert (1900–76)
Saadia ben Joseph (882–942)
saccade
sacrifice
sacrificium intellectus
Sadducism
Sade, Donatien Alphonse, marquis de (1740–1814)
Sadra, Mulla
Saint-Simon, Claude-Henri de Rouvroy (1760–1825)
sakti
salva veritate
samadhi
Samkhya
samsara
Sanai, Hakim (c.1046–1141)
Sanches, Francisco (1551–1623)
Sankara
Santayana, George (1863–1952)
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Sartre, Jean-Paul (1905–80)
sarvastivada
satisfaction
satisfiable
satisfice
Saussure, Ferdinand de (1857–1913)
Scandinavian realism
scepticism
Scheler, Max Ferdinand (1874–1928)
Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von (1775–1854)
schema
Schiller, Ferdinand Canning Scott (1864–1937)
Schiller, Johann Cristoph Friedrich (1759–1805)
Schlegel, Friedrich von (1772–1829)
Schleiermacher, Friedrich Daniel Ernst (1768–1834)
Schlick, Friedrich Albert Moritz (1882–1936)
Schmitt, Carl (1888–1985)
scholasticism
Schopenhauer, Arthur (1788–1860)
Schrödinger's cat
science, philosophy of
scientia media
scientific method
scientific realism
scientism
scope
Scotism
sea-battle
second-order logic
secondary qualities
secundum quid
self
self-caused
self-contradiction
self-control
self-deception
self-defeating
self-evident
self-fulfilling
self-intimating
self-realization
self-reference, paradoxes of
self-refuting
self-regarding
self-respect
selfish gene
Sellars, Wilfrid (1912–89)
semantic ascent
semantic engine
semantic holism
semantic paradoxes
semantic theory of truth
semantics
semiology
semiotics
sempiternity
Sen, Amartya (1933– )
Seneca, Lucius Annaeus (4 bc–ad 65)
Sengzhao (ad 384?–414)
sensa
sensation
sensationalism
sense and reference
sense data
sensibilia
sensibility
sensible knave
sensible world
sensorium
sensus communis
sentence
sentential connective
sentential function
sentential operator
sentimentalism
separation, axiom of
sequence
sequents, calculus of
set
set theory
set-theoretic paradoxes
Seven Deadly Sins
Seven Sages
sex and sexual desire
sexism
Sextus Empiricus (fl. c.ad 200)
Shaftesbury, 3rd Earl of (1671–1713)
shame
Shankara (c.788–820)
Shao Yong (1011)
Sheffer's stroke
Shelley, Percy Bysshe (1792–1822)
Shepherd, Mary (1777–1847)
Sherwood, William (1200)
Shinto
ship of Theseus
shunyata
Sidgwick, Henry (1838–1900)
Siger of Brabant (c.1240–1284)
sign/symbol
Simmel, Georg (1858–1918)
simple enumeration
simple/complex ideas
simplicity
Simplicius
Simpson's paradox
simulation
sin
singular term
singularity
Sinn/Bedeutung
Sins, Seven Deadly
Sittlichkeit
situation ethics
situation semantics
Skinner, Burrhus Frederick (1904–90)
Skolem normal form
Skolem paradox
Skolem-Löwenheim theorem
slave morality
slingshot
slippery slope
Smart, J. J. C. (1920– )
Smith, Adam (1723–90)
social action
social choice theory
social constructivism
social contract
social Darwinism
social laws
social philosophy
social science, philosophy of
social welfare function
socialism
society
Socinianism
sociobiology
sociology
sociology of knowledge
Socrates (469–399bc)
Socratic fallacy
Socratic irony
Socratic method
Socratic paradox
soft determinism
software
solipsism
solo numero
some
Sophia, Electress of Hanover (1630–1714)
sophismata
Sophists
sophrosynē
Sorel, Georges (1847–1922)
Sorge
sorites paradox
sortal
Soto, Domingo de (1494–1560)
soul
sound
soundness
sovereignty
space
space-time
spatiotemporal continuity
species
speciesism
specious present
speckled hen example
speculative philosophy
speech acts
Spencer, Herbert (1820–1903)
Spengler, Oswald (1880–1936)
Speusippus (c.407–339bc)
Spinoza, Benedictus de (1632–77)
spirit
spiritualism
split-brain phenomena
spontaneity/indifference
square of opposition
St Petersburg paradox
stadium paradox
Staël, Anne-Louise-Germaine Necker, Mme de (1766–1817)
stag hunt
Stagirite, the
standard model
state of nature
statement
statistical explanation
Steiner, Rudolf (1861–1925)
Stephen, Leslie (1832–1904)
stereotype
Stevenson, Charles Leslie (1908–79)
Stewart, Dugald (1753–1828)
sthenic
Stillingfleet, Edward (1635–99)
stipendium peccati mors est
stipulative definition
Stirner, Max (1806–56)
stoa
stochastic process
Stoicism
Strato of Lampsacus (d. 269 bc)
Stratonician presumption
Strauss, David Friedrich (1808–74)
Strauss, Leo (1899–1973)
straw man
Strawson, Peter Frederick (1919–2006)
stream of consciousness
strict implication
strict implication, paradox of
structuralism
structure, deep and surface
Sturm und Drang
Suárez, Francisco (1548–1617)
sub specie aeternitatis
subaltern
subconscious
subcontraries
subject
subject-object
subjective idealism
subjective probability
subjectivism/objectivism
sublimation
sublime
subsistence
substance
substitutional quantification
substitutivity salva veritate
substrate
success word
sufficient condition
sufficient reason, principle of
Sufism
Suhrawardi
sui generis
suicide
sum set
sum set, axiom of
summum bonum
Sun Tsu
sunyata
Sunzi
supererogatory
superman
supervaluation
supervenience
suppositio
sure thing principle
surface structure
surjection
survival and immortality
sutra
Swedenborg, Emanuel (1688–1772)
syllogism
symbolic logic
symmetric
sympathy
symptom
synaesthesia
syncategorematic
syncretism
synderesis
syndicalism
synonym
syntactic engine
syntax
synthesis
synthetic
system of logic
systematic ambiguity
systems theory
T-sentence
tabula rasa
tacit
Tagore, Rabindranath (1861–1941)
tantra
tao
Taoism
tarot
Tarski, Alfred (1901–83)
tarwater
taste
tautology
Taylor, Charles (1931– )
Taylor, Harriet (1807–58)
te
technē
Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre (1881–1955)
Tel Quel
telekinesis
teleo-functionalism
teleological argument
teleology
telepathy
teleportation
Telesio, Bernardino (1509–88)
telos
temporal stage
tender and tough-minded
tense logic
term
terminus ad quem
terrorism
tertiary qualities
tertium non datur
Tertullian's dictum or paradox
Tertullian, Quintus Septimus Florens (ad c.160–c.240)
testability
testimony
texture
Thales of Miletus (fl. 585 bc)
Theaetetus (c.414–c.369 bc)
theism
thema
Themistius (ad c.317–88)
theodicy
theological virtues
theology
Theophrastus (c.370–c.288 bc)
theorem
theory
theory of descriptions
theory of types
theory-laden
theory-theory
theosophy
thermodynamics, laws of
Theseus, ship of
thesis
theurgy
thick terms
thing in itself
thinking
third man argument
Thomasius, Christian (1655–1728)
Thomism
Thoreau, Henry David (1817–62)
thought experiment
Thrasymachus (fl. c.430–400 bc)
three prisoners, paradox of
tickles
Tillich, Paul (1886–1965)
timarchy
time
time travel
time's arrow
time-lag argument
time-slice
Timon of Phlius (c.320–230 bc)
Tindal, Matthew (1657–1733)
tit for tat
token-reflexive
token-token identity
Toland, John (1670–1722)
toleration
Tolstoy, Count Leo (1828–1910)
tone
tonk
topic-neutral
totalitarianism
toxin puzzle
trademark argument
tradition
traducianism
tragedy
transcendental
transcendental analytic
transcendental argument
transcendental idealism
transcendental number
transcendental signified
transcendentalism
transfinite induction
transformation rules
transitive
translation
transmigration of souls
transparent
transposition
transubstantiation
transvaluation of values
transworld depravity
tree of Porphyry
Trinitarianism
trivium
trolley problem
trope
Trotter, Catherine
trust
truth apt
truth conditions
truth definition
truth function
truth predicate
truth table
truth theory
truth-value
truth/falsity
truthfulness
truthmaker principle
Tung Chung-shu (c.179–c.104 bc)
Turing machine
Turing test
Turnbull, George (1698–1748)
Twardowski, Kazimierz (1866–1938)
twin-earth
twins paradox
two-clock paradox
two-envelope paradox
two-place predicate
two-way interactionism
tychism
type-token ambiguity
type-type identity
types, theory of
tzu jan
Übermensch
Udayana
ugliness
Ulysses
Unamuno, Miguel de (1864–1936)
uncertainty principle
unconscious
underdetermination
understanding
undistributed middle, fallacy of the
unexpected examination paradox
uniformity of nature
union
unit set
unity of science
universal generalization
universal grammar
universal instantiation
universal language
universal proposition
universal quantifier
universal, concrete
universalism in ethics
universalizability
universals
universe of discourse
univocal
unmoved mover
Upanishads
use
use/mention distinction
utilitarianism
utility
utility calculus
utopia
vacuous
vague objects
vagueness
Vaihinger, Hans (1852–1933)
Vaisheshika
validity
Valla, Lorenzo (1407–57)
valuation
value
value of a function
value-free
Vanini, Giulio Cesare (c.1584–1619)
vanity
variable
variable realization
Vasubandhu
vat, brain in a
Vatsyayana
Vattimo, Gianni (1936– )
Vauvenarges, Luc de Clapiers de (1715–47)
Veblen, Thorstein (1857–1929)
Veda
Vedanta
vegetarianism
veil of appearance
veil of ignorance
Venn diagram
Venn, John (1834–1923)
verbal definition
veridical
verification principle
verisimilitude
Verstehen
via negativa
vice
vicious circle principle
vicious regress
Vico, Giambattista (1668–1744)
Vienna Circle
Vijnanavada
vindication
violence
vipassana
virtue
virtue epistemology
virtue ethics
vision
vitalism
Vitoria, Francisco de (c.1486–1546)
Vives, Juan Luis (1493–1540)
void
volition
volonté générale, volonté de tous
Voltaire (1694–1778)
voluntarism
von Neumann machine
von Wright, Georg Henrik (1916–2003)
vortex
voters' paradox
Vygotsky, Lev Semenovich (1896–1934)
Waismann, Friedrich (1896–1959)
Wang Pi (ad 226–49)
Wang Yang-Ming (1472–1529)
war, just
Ward, James (1843–1925)
warranted assertibility
Watson, John Broadus (1878–1958)
Watsuji Tetsuro (1889–1960)
wayward causal chain
weakness of the will
Weber, Max (1864–1920)
Weil, Simone (1909–43)
welfare
well-being
well-formed formula
well-ordering
Weltanschauung
Weltschmerz
Wertfreiheit
Westermarck, Edward (1862–1939)
wff
Whewell, William (1794–1866)
Whichcote, Benjamin (1609–83)
Whig view of history
Whitehead, Alfred North (1861–1947)
why
wickedness
will
will to believe
will to power
William of Auvergne (c.1180–1249)
William of Auxerre (1140)
William of Champeaux (c.1070–c.1120)
William of Moerbeke (c.1218–1286)
William of Ockham
William of Sherwood (1200)
Williams, Bernard Arthur Owen (1929–2003)
Windelband, Wilhelm (1848–1915)
wisdom
Wisdom, Arthur John Terrence Dibben (1904–93)
witchcraft
Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1889–1951)
Wolff, Christian (1679–1754)
Wollaston, William (1660–1724)
Wollstonecraft, Mary (1759–97)
women in philosophy
world-soul
wu wei
wu-hsing
Wundt, Wilhelm (1832–1920)
Wyclif, John (c.1320–84)
Xanthippe
Xenocrates of Chalcedon
Xenophanes of Colophon (c.570–478 bc)
Xenophon (c.428–c.354 bc)
Xungxi
Yang Chu (c.370–319 bc)
Yang Hsiung (53 bc–ad 18)
yi
Yijing
yin/yang
Yoga
Yogacara
yu, wu
yung
Zabarella, Jacopo (1533–89)
Zarathustra
Zen
Zeno of Citium (c.335–263 bc)
Zeno of Elea
Zeno's paradoxes
Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory
Zermelo-König paradox
zero-sum game
zeugma
Zheng Xuan (127–200)
zhi
Zhu Xi
Zorn's lemma
Zoroastrianism
zygote