Fat Fiction

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A very good sign that you've

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misunderstood the cause
of a disorder is your

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inability to treat or prevent it.

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You look at the data of
ever increasing obesity

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and diabetes and you just think,

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how is it possible the whole world

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has failed to eat healthfully?

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Maybe we're being told the wrong advice.

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Since the 1960's

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the American Heart Association

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has been saying saturated fat

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is detrimental to cardiovascular health.

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You need to get it out of the diet.

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It's hard to think of another policy

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that has caused so much
harm that has been so wrong.

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You know the chief killer

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of Americans is cardiovascular disease.

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I mean, the manipulation

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of the data and the idea
and the push for low fat,

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really got us in trouble.

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I think the low fat diet is genocide.

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Saturated fat
increases cardiovascular risk.

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We've been told forever
that fat's gonna kill you.

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This started because
incontrovertible evidence

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that saturated fat is bad.

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Over and over and over.

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The more animal protein,
particularly red meat you eat,

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the more likely you are to get sick

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from all kinds of different things.

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You're fat because you eat too much fat.

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So, low fat, low fat,
low fat, low fat, low fat.

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For 40 years,
the dietary guidelines

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have set nutrition standards

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for every American for our kids in school,

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for food programs for
the poor and the elderly,

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for rations for our nation's military,

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for doctors, nutritionists and dieticians.

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We've had it hammered into
our heads that fat is bad.

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Especially saturated fat, the
kind found in meat, dairy,

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and some tropical oils
like coconut and palm.

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The base of the
pyramid, carbohydrates.

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The food pyramid
codified our fat phobia,

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telling us to make carbohydrates

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the foundation of our food choices.

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I think the food pyramid
is great if you're standing

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on your head because you need

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to turn that pyramid upside down.

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You can't be serious.

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That would put butter and
fat at the top of the...

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Flip the damn food pyramid!

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Nutrition is stabilizing.

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We got the whole story wrong.

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We were told to eat six
to 11 servings of bread,

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rice, cereal and pasta a day

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by the government and the food pyramid,

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it should be called the food tombstone!

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I'm Dr. Mark Hyman,

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a functional medicine physician

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with a focus on food as medicine.

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And I understand the
healing power of food.

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But I can tell you the low fat diet

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did not make us healthy.

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I think a low fat heart
healthy diet is unproven.

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It was essentially a huge experiment

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on millions of people
and it failed miserably.

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Wait a minute, have you not seen,

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are you not practicing medicine

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to see who is coming into your clinic?

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To see the problems that
this idea has caused?

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I mean, it's just to me, unbelievable.

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For years, even I believed

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that eating fat would make me fat,

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and that eating saturated fat

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would cause heart disease and kill me.

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But now a growing group of experts reveal

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that the science against
saturated fat was never there.

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I was astonished to find

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that there simply was no evidence.

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It was just an idea, but
it was launched as a policy

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for all Americans based
really on no evidence at all.

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What is the evidence?

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A big, big zero.

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Our federal dietary guidelines,

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the official government advice for how

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we should all eat to stay healthy tell us

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to limit saturated fat to
just a couple of bites a day

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and make carbohydrates more
than half our daily calories.

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I'm here to tell you that advice

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is upside down and backwards.

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The idea that eating fat
will make you fat is wrong

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and the science that says saturated fat

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causes heart disease is misleading.

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And instead has led our nation down

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a dangerous path toward
a widespread epidemic

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of obesity and Type 2 diabetes.

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We screwed up.

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It happens all the time in science.

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Medical orthodoxy latched
onto the wrong explanation,

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made a tragic mistake and now

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we're living with the consequences.

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The nation got a report card

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on obesity today and the country flunked.

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The battle against obesity

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has been going on for years.

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One in three children

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in this country is overweight or obese.

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An estimated
$200,000,000,000 cost

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to the healthcare industry
continues to rise.

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The search
for weight loss and health

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may be a little more
complex than you think.

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Despite all attempts

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to attack the problem,

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the adult obesity rate increased
in 23 states last year.

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Why is it that Americans

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keep getting fatter in spite
of government efforts ranging

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from calorie posting to
new school lunch programs?

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A lot of things with science

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is about seeing whether things

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that make sense are really right or not.

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In this case it sounded reasonable
but happened to be wrong.

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I'm not happy about
a lot of years of bein'

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at different doctors and every time

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that I'd go in there was just
here's another injection,

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here's a different kind of an injectable.

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This is the injectable that is supposed

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to help you make your own insulin.

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The list of side effects
were longer than your arm

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and it never made you feel better.

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And certainly didn't
help at all with weight.

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Judi has been Type 2 diabetic

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for most of her adult life.

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So has her dad.

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When she was a teenager he died

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from complications of the disease.

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Judi's tried for decades to get

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her blood sugar under control.

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When I did everything
they told me to do,

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I'd still gain weight and
so then you just give up.

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This health epidemic

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- is weighing on Americans.
- Judi is not alone.

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Reports show
the U.S. obesity epidemic

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is only getting worse.

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Americans are not winning
their battle against obesity.

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Obesity among children doubled
over the past two decades.

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Today, 75% of the country

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is overweight or obese
and one in two of us

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is either pre-diabetic or Type 2 diabetic.

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Type 2 diabetes is
crushing us financially.

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Crushing us.

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It currently costs a person

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with diabetes in America
$900 a month for insulin.

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Direct cost to our healthcare system,

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is about a billion dollars a day.

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There isn't enough money
in the health care system

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to be able to afford this.

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The cost in terms of money is huge,

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the cost in terms of human suffering

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is like 10 times more than that.

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In the space
of a single generation,

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we've gone from this,

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to this.

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Watching the footage of the
50th anniversary of Apollo 11,

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I was struck by how not fat
everyone in the crowd was.

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We look like a completely
different race of people.

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The heart attacks, the strokes,
the cancer, the blindness,

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the amputations, all of that,

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I think is unnecessary suffering
that we're causing people.

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The question
is, where did this

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come from and why is it occurring?

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When I was in medical school,

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Type 2 diabetes happened
only in older adults.

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Now we see it in kids as
young as three years old.

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And the more we try to medicate
our way out of the disease,

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the worse it seems to get.

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Ya can't throw drugs
at a dietary disease

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and expect to make it better.

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But that's the medical teaching.

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"Hey, you have Type 2 Diabetes,
let me give you some pills."

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The model doesn't work.

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We're not making people healthy,

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we're just treating disease.

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But if you give people good nutrition,

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they become very healthy.

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He introduced that keto diet,

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and six weeks later,
it was like a miracle.

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No diabetes.

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And it was like magic,

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and I got off, completely off of insulin.

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Two years later I had lost 197 pounds.

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Problem is we've been confused

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and downright brainwashed by
decades of nutritional dogma.

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The almost religious conviction

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that fat is bad, especially
saturated animal fats.

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You can lose weight
on these animal protein,

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Atkins type diets but you're mortgaging

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your health in the process.

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We still operate under this
idea of dogmatic principles.

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We've always done it that way,

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that's what we've always said,

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we're gonna continue to say it.

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And unfortunately, nothing
is holding back progress

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in nutrition science like dogma.

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Alternative
ideas have been attacked

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and physicians labeled us quacks

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for ignoring guidelines against fats

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and telling patients to cut carbs instead.

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In South Africa, Dr.
Tim Noakes went through

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a four year ordeal that
threatened his medical license

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for recommending a low carbohydrate,

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high fat diet to a young mother.

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The reason why the low carbohydrate diet

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has become demonized is because it works

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and it has a huge impact on

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the financial return of
the medical profession.

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I'm an internal medicine specialist.

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I can treat all of the
conditions that I used to treat

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with medications just
by changing the food.

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It's remarkable.

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It's completely free,
there's no special equipment,

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there's no special surgeries.

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It's completely natural and it's

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been used for thousands of years.

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I can treat not only obesity

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but I can treat Type 2 diabetes,

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high blood pressure,

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in fact I have to take away medications

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from people as they get better.

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This is as big as the discovery
of insulin or antibiotics.

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It clearly is.

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My interpretation is
that low-fat diets can work

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but low carb diets work better

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and that's what the science says.

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Nick Brown is
a pretty typical American

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when it comes to his diet.

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- Hey, how you doin'?
- Good.

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He eats a variety of protein,

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vegetables and grains.

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He enjoys beer now and then.

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And one of his favorite foods...

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- Thank you, Sir.
- Have a good day.

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- Have a good day.
- Appreciate it.

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Is pizza.

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Lookin' forward to pizza.

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Maybe.

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If it ruins pizza for me,
I'm gonna be pissed off.

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Nick is participating

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in a unique nutrition
experiment along with Tracy.

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Yeah, I've
got a plan for the week.

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And Cynthia.

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- Thank you.
- You're welcome.

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Three
metabolically healthy people

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who take no medications,
trying two different diets.

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Low carb versus low fat.

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Quite a few new recipes,

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so I was curious about
using the right thing.

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Up on this smaller...

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Before, during and after

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the experiment they each weight in,

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check their blood pressure,
blood sugar and cholesterol.

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Here's a little bit of alcohol...

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Throughout the experiment

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we'll track their blood sugar.

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Are you ready?

264
00:12:54,573 --> 00:12:55,406
Sure.

265
00:12:55,406 --> 00:12:56,239
- Okay, here it comes.
- Go.

266
00:12:56,240 --> 00:12:59,659
Using a continuous
glucose monitor or CGM.

267
00:12:59,660 --> 00:13:00,493
It didn't bother you?

268
00:13:00,493 --> 00:13:01,326
No.

269
00:13:01,326 --> 00:13:02,159
Okay.

270
00:13:02,160 --> 00:13:05,069
You just hit a check glucose.

271
00:13:05,070 --> 00:13:07,713
And it says, "Ready to scan"
and you just take it here,

272
00:13:08,581 --> 00:13:09,589
and there it is.

273
00:13:09,590 --> 00:13:11,399
It's 94, right now.

274
00:13:11,400 --> 00:13:12,589
The first week we put them

275
00:13:12,590 --> 00:13:14,829
on a low carb ketogenic diet with less

276
00:13:14,830 --> 00:13:17,464
than 20 grams of carbohydrates per day.

277
00:13:17,465 --> 00:13:22,465
Plenty of healthy fats and a
moderate amount of protein.

278
00:13:22,990 --> 00:13:25,929
A diet designed to keep blood sugars low,

279
00:13:25,930 --> 00:13:28,178
but an eating pattern that is not allowed

280
00:13:28,179 --> 00:13:31,033
by the U.S. dietary guidelines.

281
00:13:33,100 --> 00:13:37,709
The second week, we switch them
to a USDA MyPlate meal plan.

282
00:13:37,710 --> 00:13:42,299
It's a 2,000 calorie a day
government endorsed low fat plan

283
00:13:42,300 --> 00:13:45,699
featuring whole grains, lean
meats and vegetable oils

284
00:13:45,700 --> 00:13:48,903
and more than half the day's
calories as carbohydrates.

285
00:13:50,110 --> 00:13:53,463
Week one is the low carb, high fat diet.

286
00:13:54,386 --> 00:13:55,297
And then we'll keep this goin'.

287
00:13:55,298 --> 00:13:57,239
This is almost ready.

288
00:13:57,240 --> 00:13:58,180
I'm excited about it.

289
00:13:58,181 --> 00:14:00,528
I'm excited to try the
recipes and excited to see

290
00:14:00,529 --> 00:14:03,939
just what a full week of doing this does.

291
00:14:03,940 --> 00:14:05,369
I'm grateful to be doing it.

292
00:14:05,370 --> 00:14:07,076
It's very fascinating to me.

293
00:14:07,077 --> 00:14:09,409
The keto recipes are full

294
00:14:09,410 --> 00:14:12,303
of healthy natural fats
like eggs, butter, avocado,

295
00:14:12,304 --> 00:14:16,689
olive oil and nuts and seeds
and even grass fed beef.

296
00:14:16,690 --> 00:14:19,079
I love new recipes,
so this is really good.

297
00:14:19,080 --> 00:14:20,089
Interesting.

298
00:14:20,090 --> 00:14:21,659
So, these are buttered eggs

299
00:14:21,660 --> 00:14:23,981
and that's what they're
called in the recipe.

300
00:14:23,982 --> 00:14:26,219
You actually make them with butter.

301
00:14:26,220 --> 00:14:28,469
I use the grass fed butter.

302
00:14:28,470 --> 00:14:30,719
And then, I decided to add
a little bit of avocado,

303
00:14:30,720 --> 00:14:33,389
and some tomatoes and salt
and pepper and that's it.

304
00:14:33,390 --> 00:14:35,779
Super simple, super easy.

305
00:14:35,780 --> 00:14:40,780
I am making a keto zucchini boats.

306
00:14:41,110 --> 00:14:43,349
You take out the middle of the zucchini,

307
00:14:43,350 --> 00:14:45,849
cook it up with some onion, spinach.

308
00:14:45,850 --> 00:14:48,779
I put in some olives, olive oil,

309
00:14:48,780 --> 00:14:50,979
and then just let that
saute for a little bit.

310
00:14:50,980 --> 00:14:52,509
I think it's working for my body.

311
00:14:52,510 --> 00:14:54,970
I'm curious to see what it
does through the whole week.

312
00:14:58,724 --> 00:15:00,589
These are really good.

313
00:15:00,590 --> 00:15:02,919
By adding
healthy fats into every meal

314
00:15:02,920 --> 00:15:04,889
and cutting out processed carbs,

315
00:15:04,890 --> 00:15:08,319
the three experience a sense
of fullness that lasts.

316
00:15:08,320 --> 00:15:12,739
Well, to be honest, I've
really not been famished.

317
00:15:12,740 --> 00:15:16,089
So, this is day
three of the strict Keto Diet.

318
00:15:16,090 --> 00:15:18,489
I am literally down
three and a half pounds

319
00:15:18,490 --> 00:15:19,979
from when this started.

320
00:15:19,980 --> 00:15:21,609
I'm surprised by that.

321
00:15:21,610 --> 00:15:22,530
I feel great.

322
00:15:22,531 --> 00:15:24,029
I went mountain biking last night,

323
00:15:24,030 --> 00:15:27,639
and had a lot of energy
and I don't feel hungry.

324
00:15:27,640 --> 00:15:28,959
I still feel full and that

325
00:15:28,960 --> 00:15:30,399
was after three and a half hours.

326
00:15:30,400 --> 00:15:31,566
And usually at that time, yeah,

327
00:15:31,567 --> 00:15:34,117
the two, two and a half
hours, I'm hungry, usually.

328
00:15:35,560 --> 00:15:36,799
One way to think of carbs

329
00:15:36,800 --> 00:15:39,178
is they're like kindling on a fire.

330
00:15:39,179 --> 00:15:41,424
They burn quickly and then go out,

331
00:15:41,425 --> 00:15:44,991
dropping your blood sugar
and creating severe cravings.

332
00:15:44,992 --> 00:15:48,444
The physical signal that
your body needs more fuel.

333
00:15:48,445 --> 00:15:50,099
To keep your metabolism burning,

334
00:15:50,100 --> 00:15:53,209
you must constantly eat
more and then you crash

335
00:15:53,210 --> 00:15:55,448
and then you eat more and then you crash.

336
00:15:55,449 --> 00:15:58,489
See how carbs like bread, pasta,

337
00:15:58,490 --> 00:16:02,230
rice and yes even whole grains
effect your blood sugar.

338
00:16:02,231 --> 00:16:05,469
Protein has a much lower response.

339
00:16:05,470 --> 00:16:08,148
It will raise blood sugar
a small amount and fat,

340
00:16:08,149 --> 00:16:10,059
take a look at fat.

341
00:16:10,060 --> 00:16:12,963
Almost no rise in blood sugar at all.

342
00:16:14,160 --> 00:16:17,361
When you eat fat it's like
putting logs on the fire.

343
00:16:17,362 --> 00:16:22,163
What you get is just a
long, steady source of fuel.

344
00:16:23,650 --> 00:16:26,209
And that's one of the reasons
that I like low carb diets

345
00:16:26,210 --> 00:16:28,612
so much because they don't
require as much willpower

346
00:16:28,613 --> 00:16:31,699
because if your hormones,
your insulin isn't going

347
00:16:31,700 --> 00:16:33,779
up to the sky every time that you eat,

348
00:16:33,780 --> 00:16:36,361
and then crashing down
making you crave a bagel

349
00:16:36,362 --> 00:16:38,829
or a donut or something from the snack.

350
00:16:38,830 --> 00:16:41,769
If that's not happening in
your physiology all the time,

351
00:16:41,770 --> 00:16:45,999
it's much easier to not overeat.

352
00:16:46,000 --> 00:16:48,069
Day six, lunchtime.

353
00:16:48,070 --> 00:16:50,438
Leftover Italian cabbage stir fry

354
00:16:50,439 --> 00:16:53,822
with a blop of sour cream.

355
00:16:53,823 --> 00:16:58,823
I'm still not quite hungry
but it's time for lunch.

356
00:16:58,950 --> 00:17:00,339
You know what's really great

357
00:17:00,340 --> 00:17:03,249
about this is it's so
easy to test your glucose.

358
00:17:03,250 --> 00:17:05,019
The sensor is here.

359
00:17:05,020 --> 00:17:07,889
And then, on my phone I go on
the app that connects to it.

360
00:17:07,890 --> 00:17:12,086
And you just put it up and it grabs it.

361
00:17:12,087 --> 00:17:15,679
And it went doo bloop
and then you have it.

362
00:17:15,680 --> 00:17:16,513
Pretty cool.

363
00:17:16,514 --> 00:17:17,680
It's really cool.

364
00:17:18,980 --> 00:17:20,949
All week on
the low carb, high fat diet,

365
00:17:20,950 --> 00:17:23,645
their blood sugars are
virtual straight lines

366
00:17:23,646 --> 00:17:25,809
with no spikes or dips.

367
00:17:25,810 --> 00:17:26,790
It's been steady.

368
00:17:26,791 --> 00:17:31,609
It's been, typically,
at the 85 to 90 range.

369
00:17:31,610 --> 00:17:32,992
And I just ate and that's 83.

370
00:17:32,993 --> 00:17:35,259
I just tried it a few minutes ago

371
00:17:35,260 --> 00:17:37,219
and it's gone down six points.

372
00:17:37,220 --> 00:17:38,739
I kinda wanna just
keep it on all the time

373
00:17:38,740 --> 00:17:42,097
'cause it's so interesting to
see what you're doing all day.

374
00:17:42,098 --> 00:17:43,399
By the end of the week

375
00:17:43,400 --> 00:17:47,069
all three participants have
lost weight and feel great.

376
00:17:47,070 --> 00:17:47,903
How'd your week go?

377
00:17:47,903 --> 00:17:48,736
Very well.

378
00:17:48,737 --> 00:17:50,009
- Thanks.
- Good.

379
00:17:50,010 --> 00:17:53,499
You have lost about two
and a half pounds of fat.

380
00:17:53,500 --> 00:17:55,129
And how were your blood sugars?

381
00:17:55,130 --> 00:17:55,963
Very, very even.

382
00:17:55,964 --> 00:17:59,079
And look, your lean tissue,
not only has it not gone down,

383
00:17:59,080 --> 00:18:00,899
it's actually gone up a little bit.

384
00:18:00,900 --> 00:18:02,609
Boy, you're really even.

385
00:18:02,610 --> 00:18:03,443
- Yeah.
- Wow,

386
00:18:03,444 --> 00:18:04,701
not a lot of variation at all.

387
00:18:04,702 --> 00:18:06,379
I had always a full feeling,

388
00:18:06,380 --> 00:18:08,869
so I'm wondering if I ate too much maybe.

389
00:18:08,870 --> 00:18:09,703
I don't know.

390
00:18:09,704 --> 00:18:10,989
Well, you'll feel a lot more full

391
00:18:10,990 --> 00:18:12,578
with fat and protein, - Yeah.

392
00:18:12,579 --> 00:18:15,079
And less carbohydrate, for sure.

393
00:18:15,080 --> 00:18:17,529
Next week,
we'll flip from low carb

394
00:18:17,530 --> 00:18:20,886
to low fat and follow the
U.S. dietary guidelines.

395
00:18:20,887 --> 00:18:21,780
I'm really curious

396
00:18:21,781 --> 00:18:23,269
- to see what happens.
- Yeah, me too.

397
00:18:23,270 --> 00:18:25,226
I'm a little scared
about what's gonna happen.

398
00:18:27,920 --> 00:18:29,549
So how is it possible that we got

399
00:18:29,550 --> 00:18:31,701
the story so wrong about fats?

400
00:18:31,702 --> 00:18:34,044
There were religious
objections to eating meat

401
00:18:34,045 --> 00:18:37,629
as early as the 1800's that
influenced American opinions

402
00:18:37,630 --> 00:18:40,939
but a major turning point was in 1955

403
00:18:40,940 --> 00:18:43,479
when a presidential health
scare shocked the nation.

404
00:18:43,480 --> 00:18:45,609
News of President Eisenhower's

405
00:18:45,610 --> 00:18:47,589
sudden illness described by his doctors

406
00:18:47,590 --> 00:18:51,509
as coronary thrombosis came
as a severe shock to us all.

407
00:18:51,510 --> 00:18:54,289
President Eisenhower in
1955 had a heart attack.

408
00:18:54,290 --> 00:18:57,249
He was out of the oval
office for 10 whole days,

409
00:18:57,250 --> 00:18:59,409
and that really focused the attention

410
00:18:59,410 --> 00:19:01,529
of the nation on this
problem of heart disease.

411
00:19:01,530 --> 00:19:03,539
Cardiovascular
ailments continue

412
00:19:03,540 --> 00:19:06,749
to take an increasingly
heavy toll of American lives,

413
00:19:06,750 --> 00:19:07,829
a million this year.

414
00:19:07,830 --> 00:19:09,239
The nation was really in shock

415
00:19:09,240 --> 00:19:12,659
and there was a desperate
need for explanations.

416
00:19:12,660 --> 00:19:13,493
And people were like,

417
00:19:13,494 --> 00:19:15,579
"Whoa, what's causing
all the heart disease?"

418
00:19:15,580 --> 00:19:17,206
Here are vital statistics,

419
00:19:17,207 --> 00:19:19,219
they show that the problem here

420
00:19:19,220 --> 00:19:21,139
in America is the worst in the world.

421
00:19:21,140 --> 00:19:22,839
There were a
number of ideas about it.

422
00:19:22,840 --> 00:19:24,195
One was that it was vitamin deficiency,

423
00:19:24,196 --> 00:19:27,439
another was that it was the
rising tide of auto exhaust,

424
00:19:27,440 --> 00:19:28,859
more cars on the road.

425
00:19:28,860 --> 00:19:32,343
Of 10 men, we can expect five to get it.

426
00:19:36,320 --> 00:19:40,709
But we can't say who or when or why.

427
00:19:40,710 --> 00:19:42,216
Now, you can look back now and say,

428
00:19:42,217 --> 00:19:44,217
"Well, that's pretty easy to understand.

429
00:19:45,717 --> 00:19:47,869
"Everybody was smoking."

430
00:19:47,870 --> 00:19:48,860
Raleigh?

431
00:19:48,861 --> 00:19:50,173
Oh, no thanks!

432
00:19:51,050 --> 00:19:52,519
I have a pack.

433
00:19:52,520 --> 00:19:54,239
More doctors smoke Camels

434
00:19:54,240 --> 00:19:56,289
than any other cigarette.

435
00:19:56,290 --> 00:19:59,084
In the 1950s
and 60s, cigarettes were in.

436
00:20:05,097 --> 00:20:06,949
Here, have a Viceroy.

437
00:20:06,950 --> 00:20:10,441
Eisenhower
himself smoked four packs a day.

438
00:20:10,442 --> 00:20:11,949
What do you think?

439
00:20:11,950 --> 00:20:13,860
This is what I was really looking for.

440
00:20:13,861 --> 00:20:15,379
If you look at the trends

441
00:20:15,380 --> 00:20:16,739
for cigarette smoking against

442
00:20:16,740 --> 00:20:19,782
the increases in heart
disease, they track together.

443
00:20:19,783 --> 00:20:22,079
But at the same time the consumption

444
00:20:22,080 --> 00:20:25,129
of saturated fat was falling dramatically.

445
00:20:25,130 --> 00:20:26,299
Everybody was smoking.

446
00:20:26,300 --> 00:20:28,529
Now we know smoking causes heart disease,

447
00:20:28,530 --> 00:20:30,209
or contributes to heart disease,

448
00:20:30,210 --> 00:20:31,739
but at the time, of course,

449
00:20:31,740 --> 00:20:33,996
the tobacco companies were like,

450
00:20:33,997 --> 00:20:36,236
"No, no, no, no, no, no.

451
00:20:36,237 --> 00:20:38,969
"Tobacco smoking, it doesn't
cause heart disease."

452
00:20:38,970 --> 00:20:40,216
So, all the scientists were like,

453
00:20:40,217 --> 00:20:43,059
"Hey, I wonder why we're
getting so much heart disease?"

454
00:20:43,060 --> 00:20:44,639
There was one theory that was proposed

455
00:20:44,640 --> 00:20:47,709
by Ancel Benjamin Keys
who was a pathologist

456
00:20:47,710 --> 00:20:48,839
at the University of Minnesota.

457
00:20:48,840 --> 00:20:50,529
And he said that it was saturated fat

458
00:20:50,530 --> 00:20:52,379
and dietary cholesterol
that caused heart disease.

459
00:20:52,380 --> 00:20:55,749
It's like, okay, but
how do people eat butter

460
00:20:55,750 --> 00:20:58,479
for the last sort of two millennia,

461
00:20:58,480 --> 00:21:01,722
and ever since 1970, it
causes heart disease?

462
00:21:01,723 --> 00:21:03,831
It's like it didn't cause
heart disease before.

463
00:21:03,832 --> 00:21:06,369
At the same
time consumption of sugar,

464
00:21:06,370 --> 00:21:08,339
refined oils and refined grains

465
00:21:08,340 --> 00:21:11,607
were on the rise in America
but Ancel Keys focused on fat

466
00:21:11,608 --> 00:21:13,929
as the cause of heart disease.

467
00:21:13,930 --> 00:21:16,007
And he thought that total cholesterol

468
00:21:16,008 --> 00:21:18,548
in your arteries would build up

469
00:21:18,549 --> 00:21:21,759
and clog your arteries and
give you a heart attack,

470
00:21:21,760 --> 00:21:24,574
like hot oil down a cold stove pipe.

471
00:21:24,575 --> 00:21:27,063
So that was his idea.

472
00:21:27,064 --> 00:21:28,787
It was just a simple idea.

473
00:21:28,788 --> 00:21:33,132
To blame a sort of ancient
food for a modern disease

474
00:21:33,133 --> 00:21:37,409
was completely illogical,
it didn't make any sense,

475
00:21:37,410 --> 00:21:39,179
but you repeat things enough,

476
00:21:39,180 --> 00:21:41,396
and you get it out there
enough, people believe you.

477
00:21:41,397 --> 00:21:44,136
As American author
H.L. Mencken once said,

478
00:21:44,137 --> 00:21:46,899
"For every complex problem,
there is a solution

479
00:21:46,900 --> 00:21:49,729
"that is simple and clear and wrong."

480
00:21:49,730 --> 00:21:52,879
It's the biggest scam ever perpetrated

481
00:21:52,880 --> 00:21:53,800
on the American people.

482
00:21:53,801 --> 00:21:55,450
This whole notion of cholesterol.

483
00:21:58,136 --> 00:21:59,419
If you have high cholesterol,

484
00:21:59,420 --> 00:22:02,061
you may be at increased risk
of heart attack and stroke.

485
00:22:02,062 --> 00:22:03,266
Don't kid yourself.

486
00:22:03,267 --> 00:22:04,449
Talk to your doctor

487
00:22:04,450 --> 00:22:06,153
about your risk and about Lipitor.

488
00:22:07,010 --> 00:22:09,186
It's eye-wateringly lucrative

489
00:22:09,187 --> 00:22:13,029
to keep this idea going that
we need to lower cholesterol.

490
00:22:13,030 --> 00:22:14,566
Cholesterol has definitely become

491
00:22:14,567 --> 00:22:18,169
the boogeyman of cardiology
and here's what's

492
00:22:18,170 --> 00:22:20,979
so interesting about
cholesterol is we need it.

493
00:22:20,980 --> 00:22:23,926
Our bodies cannot exist
without cholesterol.

494
00:22:23,927 --> 00:22:26,389
Yet once again, in simplistic thinking,

495
00:22:26,390 --> 00:22:27,769
we try and lump cholesterol

496
00:22:27,770 --> 00:22:30,076
in good cholesterol and bad cholesterol.

497
00:22:30,077 --> 00:22:32,099
And we wanna lower the bad cholesterol,

498
00:22:32,100 --> 00:22:35,359
the LDL and raise the
good cholesterol and HDL.

499
00:22:35,360 --> 00:22:37,289
That is incredibly simplistic.

500
00:22:37,290 --> 00:22:40,746
It turns out that raising
your LDL cholesterol

501
00:22:40,747 --> 00:22:45,563
in diet does not translate
into heart attacks and death.

502
00:22:46,570 --> 00:22:47,669
It just doesn't.

503
00:22:47,670 --> 00:22:49,947
When you take cholesterol
out of the equation,

504
00:22:49,948 --> 00:22:51,619
you go, let's just see if people

505
00:22:51,620 --> 00:22:54,469
who eat more saturated
fat actually die more?

506
00:22:54,470 --> 00:22:56,199
Do they actually get more heart disease?

507
00:22:56,200 --> 00:22:57,489
That's what we care about.

508
00:22:57,490 --> 00:22:58,859
Forget that it raises cholesterol.

509
00:22:58,860 --> 00:22:59,846
We know it raises cholesterol,

510
00:22:59,847 --> 00:23:01,679
so let's take that out of the equation

511
00:23:01,680 --> 00:23:03,579
and see what the end result is

512
00:23:03,580 --> 00:23:07,064
which is what we care about
and every time they do that,

513
00:23:07,065 --> 00:23:09,269
the relationship dissolves.

514
00:23:09,270 --> 00:23:11,021
There is no relationship
between the amount

515
00:23:11,022 --> 00:23:14,493
of fat you eat in your diet
and getting heart disease.

516
00:23:15,900 --> 00:23:18,839
We now know the
chronic inflammation caused

517
00:23:18,840 --> 00:23:21,489
by a diet high in sugar, refined grains,

518
00:23:21,490 --> 00:23:23,079
and refined vegetable oils

519
00:23:23,080 --> 00:23:25,009
is far more dangerous to our health.

520
00:23:25,010 --> 00:23:27,349
Atherosclerosis is an
inflammatory disease.

521
00:23:27,350 --> 00:23:30,009
It's not a buildup of fat in the artery,

522
00:23:30,010 --> 00:23:32,769
it's actually an inflammation
that's causing the problem.

523
00:23:32,770 --> 00:23:34,619
And the cholesterol then
will go to that damage

524
00:23:34,620 --> 00:23:37,469
to try to repair it but it
didn't cause the damage.

525
00:23:37,470 --> 00:23:39,699
The damage has to come first.

526
00:23:39,700 --> 00:23:42,109
It's like saying that firefighters caused

527
00:23:42,110 --> 00:23:45,169
the fire when they just
turned up to put the fire out.

528
00:23:45,170 --> 00:23:46,659
It was there by association,

529
00:23:46,660 --> 00:23:49,719
but it was there to
repair, not to cause harm.

530
00:23:49,720 --> 00:23:53,341
Inflammation is probably
the number one promoter

531
00:23:53,342 --> 00:23:55,749
of every disease we don't wanna have.

532
00:23:55,750 --> 00:23:59,069
And the number one inflammatory substance

533
00:23:59,070 --> 00:24:00,877
in the American diet is sugar.

534
00:24:00,878 --> 00:24:02,529
That's it.

535
00:24:02,530 --> 00:24:04,809
I mean, put those two things together.

536
00:24:04,810 --> 00:24:08,599
Inflammation makes everything
worse and sugar is the number

537
00:24:08,600 --> 00:24:11,053
one inflammatory
substance that we consume.

538
00:24:11,054 --> 00:24:13,329
End of argument.

539
00:24:16,860 --> 00:24:19,739
In 1951, Ancel and Margaret took

540
00:24:19,740 --> 00:24:23,599
the two oldest children to
Oxford for a year's sabbatical.

541
00:24:23,600 --> 00:24:25,599
The couple continued their travels,

542
00:24:25,600 --> 00:24:28,619
measuring cholesterol's
and conducting diet surveys

543
00:24:28,620 --> 00:24:31,549
in several European and African countries.

544
00:24:31,550 --> 00:24:33,718
There was a study that he presented

545
00:24:33,719 --> 00:24:36,776
at the Mt. Sinai Hospital in 1953

546
00:24:36,777 --> 00:24:39,402
and it was the Six Countries Graph.

547
00:24:39,403 --> 00:24:41,269
He specifically looked

548
00:24:41,270 --> 00:24:43,509
at six countries around the world.

549
00:24:43,510 --> 00:24:46,129
And on the x-axis he plotted fat intake,

550
00:24:46,130 --> 00:24:48,859
and on the y-axis coronary
heart disease rates,

551
00:24:48,860 --> 00:24:51,259
and he found a straight line relationship.

552
00:24:51,260 --> 00:24:53,309
And he offered that as proof that there

553
00:24:53,310 --> 00:24:55,579
was a linear relationship between

554
00:24:55,580 --> 00:24:57,430
how much saturated fat people consumed

555
00:24:57,431 --> 00:24:59,609
and how much heart disease they had.

556
00:24:59,610 --> 00:25:01,129
But he chose six countries

557
00:25:01,130 --> 00:25:04,109
for that perfect
correlation and at the time

558
00:25:04,110 --> 00:25:07,479
there was data available for 22 countries.

559
00:25:07,480 --> 00:25:08,313
And when you put in all

560
00:25:08,314 --> 00:25:10,569
of those countries It just
looked like a scatter plot.

561
00:25:10,570 --> 00:25:13,079
The trendline is
nowhere near as clear-cut.

562
00:25:13,080 --> 00:25:14,649
There was no clear relationship.

563
00:25:14,650 --> 00:25:16,901
No correlation between
fat and heart disease.

564
00:25:16,902 --> 00:25:20,189
He was criticized at the time
by a statisticians who said,

565
00:25:20,190 --> 00:25:22,469
"Well you're obviously
cherry picking your data."

566
00:25:22,470 --> 00:25:24,120
He knows it's a hypothesis,

567
00:25:24,121 --> 00:25:26,499
he knows he doesn't have the evidence

568
00:25:26,500 --> 00:25:28,799
and he immediately starts
recommending the country

569
00:25:28,800 --> 00:25:31,195
go on a low fat diet which is fascinating

570
00:25:31,196 --> 00:25:35,329
because there is no concern
that you're gonna do harm.

571
00:25:35,330 --> 00:25:39,615
There's no, the Hippocratic
Oath, first do no harm.

572
00:25:39,616 --> 00:25:42,289
Despite his
critics, Keys was determined

573
00:25:42,290 --> 00:25:44,099
to prove himself right.

574
00:25:44,100 --> 00:25:46,649
He followed up with his
famous seven country study,

575
00:25:46,650 --> 00:25:49,159
where he traveled to the
countries cherry picked

576
00:25:49,160 --> 00:25:51,569
from his graph and studied eating habits

577
00:25:51,570 --> 00:25:54,079
and heart disease among the people there.

578
00:25:54,080 --> 00:25:57,299
For his Seven Country Study
he repeated the same mistake,

579
00:25:57,300 --> 00:25:59,529
I mean, he cherry-picked his countries.

580
00:25:59,530 --> 00:26:01,339
I think he did cherry-pick countries

581
00:26:01,340 --> 00:26:02,479
for the Seven Countries Study.

582
00:26:02,480 --> 00:26:04,041
He knew from the Six Countries Graph

583
00:26:04,042 --> 00:26:07,159
the countries that would
be on that straight line,

584
00:26:07,160 --> 00:26:08,560
so he knew, for example, that Italy would

585
00:26:08,561 --> 00:26:11,549
be a sure thing and America
would be a sure thing.

586
00:26:11,550 --> 00:26:12,805
They would quite nicely anchor

587
00:26:12,806 --> 00:26:14,999
some of the ends of the graph.

588
00:26:15,000 --> 00:26:16,120
But he did not go to countries

589
00:26:16,121 --> 00:26:20,189
like Switzerland, France,
Germany who ate a lot

590
00:26:20,190 --> 00:26:21,989
of saturated fats and also

591
00:26:21,990 --> 00:26:23,752
had very low rates of heart disease.

592
00:26:25,750 --> 00:26:29,762
The French were eating
all kinds of saturated fat,

593
00:26:29,763 --> 00:26:33,619
butter, cream, and they
weren't gaining weight,

594
00:26:33,620 --> 00:26:35,075
which was a paradox at the time

595
00:26:35,076 --> 00:26:36,672
and they weren't getting heart disease.

596
00:26:36,673 --> 00:26:38,189
They had like half the rate

597
00:26:38,190 --> 00:26:40,245
of heart disease compared to Americans.

598
00:26:40,246 --> 00:26:43,219
And everybody said, "Well, what
a paradox, what a paradox."

599
00:26:43,220 --> 00:26:44,135
There was no paradox.

600
00:26:44,136 --> 00:26:47,546
The dietary fat simply
wasn't causing obesity,

601
00:26:47,547 --> 00:26:49,239
and it didn't cause heart disease.

602
00:26:49,240 --> 00:26:51,083
So he's a very respected physiologist

603
00:26:51,084 --> 00:26:52,959
and it's worth mentioning, by the way,

604
00:26:52,960 --> 00:26:56,104
that Eisenhower followed
the Ancel Keys advice

605
00:26:56,105 --> 00:26:59,023
and cut out all saturated
fat and all cholesterol

606
00:26:59,024 --> 00:27:02,599
up until the day he died
in 1969 of heart disease.

607
00:27:02,600 --> 00:27:04,409
Just worth mentioning.

608
00:27:04,410 --> 00:27:06,629
Ancel Keys diet heart hypothesis remains

609
00:27:06,630 --> 00:27:08,343
the single most influential theory

610
00:27:08,344 --> 00:27:10,792
in the history of nutrition science.

611
00:27:10,793 --> 00:27:13,339
And here's an interesting point.

612
00:27:13,340 --> 00:27:15,499
Over the past 50 years tax payers

613
00:27:15,500 --> 00:27:18,479
have funded several billion
dollars of research trying

614
00:27:18,480 --> 00:27:23,399
to prove saturated fat causes
heart disease but guess what?

615
00:27:23,400 --> 00:27:25,469
It's never been proven.

616
00:27:25,470 --> 00:27:30,470
To this day the diet heart
hypothesis remains a hypothesis.

617
00:27:30,590 --> 00:27:33,369
There is no
evidence against saturated fat.

618
00:27:33,370 --> 00:27:35,203
There just isn't.

619
00:27:38,320 --> 00:27:40,547
Dr. Zoe Harcombe
is an obesity researcher

620
00:27:40,548 --> 00:27:42,959
who wrote her thesis on the lack

621
00:27:42,960 --> 00:27:45,739
of evidence behind the dietary guidelines.

622
00:27:45,740 --> 00:27:47,739
My thesis was born out of trying

623
00:27:47,740 --> 00:27:50,549
to understand why we
have an obesity epidemic.

624
00:27:50,550 --> 00:27:52,519
Zoe collected all the raw data

625
00:27:52,520 --> 00:27:54,535
from randomized control clinical trials,

626
00:27:54,536 --> 00:27:58,879
conducted prior to the release
of the dietary guidelines.

627
00:27:58,880 --> 00:28:00,783
She then reanalyzed all the results

628
00:28:00,784 --> 00:28:03,919
in a process called a meta analysis.

629
00:28:03,920 --> 00:28:07,659
It was looking at the absolute
totality of the evidence.

630
00:28:07,660 --> 00:28:11,209
No cherry-picking whatsoever,
no study left out.

631
00:28:11,210 --> 00:28:12,771
So there's the Rose Corn Oil Trial.

632
00:28:12,772 --> 00:28:15,098
There's the Research
Committee Low-Fat Diet.

633
00:28:15,099 --> 00:28:17,079
There's the MRC Soybean Study.

634
00:28:17,080 --> 00:28:19,249
There's the LA Veterans Dayton Study.

635
00:28:19,250 --> 00:28:21,415
There's Leren Oslo Study.

636
00:28:21,416 --> 00:28:22,829
When she examines the results

637
00:28:22,830 --> 00:28:25,579
to see which groups suffered more deaths,

638
00:28:25,580 --> 00:28:27,309
there was no difference at all.

639
00:28:27,310 --> 00:28:30,939
There was no health benefit
for the groups assigned

640
00:28:30,940 --> 00:28:32,669
to eat a low fat diet.

641
00:28:32,670 --> 00:28:34,179
I was astonished to find

642
00:28:34,180 --> 00:28:36,609
that there simply was no evidence.

643
00:28:36,610 --> 00:28:39,159
Real food fats are not dangerous.

644
00:28:39,160 --> 00:28:40,609
They are not the enemy.

645
00:28:40,610 --> 00:28:42,779
It's too simplistic and reductionist

646
00:28:42,780 --> 00:28:45,859
to say saturated fat is
dangerous and needs to be avoided

647
00:28:45,860 --> 00:28:47,888
and the evidence does not support that.

648
00:28:47,889 --> 00:28:50,189
So how then without the heart science

649
00:28:50,190 --> 00:28:52,549
to back it up did the
diet heart hypothesis

650
00:28:52,550 --> 00:28:56,096
become the foundation of our
nation's dietary guidelines?

651
00:28:56,097 --> 00:28:58,635
Well, it had one big thing going for it.

652
00:28:58,636 --> 00:29:00,939
Ancel Benjamin Keys.

653
00:29:00,940 --> 00:29:04,016
He had just a very
out sized personality.

654
00:29:04,017 --> 00:29:06,069
Colleagues of his told me he could

655
00:29:06,070 --> 00:29:07,939
just argue anyone to the death.

656
00:29:07,940 --> 00:29:10,079
And he was able to get into

657
00:29:10,080 --> 00:29:13,242
the American Heart Association
on their Nutrition Committee.

658
00:29:13,243 --> 00:29:16,729
And in 1961, the Heart
Association comes out

659
00:29:16,730 --> 00:29:18,279
with the first advice anywhere

660
00:29:18,280 --> 00:29:19,741
in the world telling people to cut back

661
00:29:19,742 --> 00:29:21,809
on saturated fat and cholesterol

662
00:29:21,810 --> 00:29:23,593
in order to prevent a heart attack.

663
00:29:25,740 --> 00:29:27,329
Up until the 1960s,

664
00:29:27,330 --> 00:29:28,727
Americans consumed almost half

665
00:29:28,728 --> 00:29:31,349
of their daily calories as fat.

666
00:29:31,350 --> 00:29:33,789
We ate butter without
guilt, bacon and eggs

667
00:29:33,790 --> 00:29:36,029
for breakfast and roast for dinner.

668
00:29:36,030 --> 00:29:39,459
Exercise gyms were barely
a thought and still,

669
00:29:39,460 --> 00:29:41,259
we were relatively slim.

670
00:29:41,260 --> 00:29:43,429
Conventional wisdom until the 1960s

671
00:29:43,430 --> 00:29:45,199
was carbohydrates were fattening.

672
00:29:45,200 --> 00:29:46,899
That's the weird thing about it.

673
00:29:46,900 --> 00:29:49,520
You talk about bread,
pasta, potatoes, rice,

674
00:29:49,521 --> 00:29:52,289
sweets going directly to your hips.

675
00:29:52,290 --> 00:29:56,766
It was what my mother's
generation believed growing up.

676
00:29:56,767 --> 00:29:58,152
The diet used in this study

677
00:29:58,153 --> 00:30:00,255
is satisfying to the appetite

678
00:30:00,256 --> 00:30:03,099
because of the use of
more protein and fat.

679
00:30:03,100 --> 00:30:05,499
And then in the 1960s, we
come along with this idea

680
00:30:05,500 --> 00:30:07,762
that dietary fat causes heart disease.

681
00:30:07,763 --> 00:30:12,659
In 20 years, from the
1960s to the mid 1980s,

682
00:30:12,660 --> 00:30:15,174
the carbohydrate went from fattening

683
00:30:15,175 --> 00:30:17,949
to a heart healthy diet food.

684
00:30:17,950 --> 00:30:20,021
The low fat
diet fad had taken hold

685
00:30:20,022 --> 00:30:22,849
and Keys rose to prominence within

686
00:30:22,850 --> 00:30:24,256
the American Heart Association

687
00:30:24,257 --> 00:30:27,009
and at the National Institutes of Health.

688
00:30:27,010 --> 00:30:28,749
If you only lived in America,

689
00:30:28,750 --> 00:30:31,889
you'd think this controversy
was pretty settled.

690
00:30:31,890 --> 00:30:34,839
That obviously saturated
fat causes heart disease,

691
00:30:34,840 --> 00:30:35,929
'cause it raises cholesterol

692
00:30:35,930 --> 00:30:37,849
and we all know cholesterol
clogs the arteries.

693
00:30:37,850 --> 00:30:41,489
But there was a alternative hypothesis

694
00:30:41,490 --> 00:30:45,509
going on across the pond in England.

695
00:30:45,510 --> 00:30:47,229
There was always this competing theory

696
00:30:47,230 --> 00:30:49,519
that it was sugar and not fat

697
00:30:49,520 --> 00:30:50,919
that might cause heart disease,

698
00:30:50,920 --> 00:30:53,868
and the leading proponent
of that was John Yudkin

699
00:30:53,869 --> 00:30:55,728
and he published about that.

700
00:30:55,729 --> 00:31:00,039
And I think this is an
extraordinary example

701
00:31:00,040 --> 00:31:04,389
of how nutrition science
did or did not really work

702
00:31:04,390 --> 00:31:06,486
in America because rather than say,

703
00:31:06,487 --> 00:31:08,016
"Oh this is an interesting
competing theory,

704
00:31:08,017 --> 00:31:09,316
"let's explore that.

705
00:31:09,317 --> 00:31:11,056
"Maybe they're right, maybe we're wrong."

706
00:31:11,057 --> 00:31:15,069
Their reaction instead
was to just bully him,

707
00:31:15,070 --> 00:31:17,109
really bully him out of the field.

708
00:31:17,110 --> 00:31:20,339
And Ancel Keys literally
destroyed his reputation.

709
00:31:20,340 --> 00:31:21,399
He went after him.

710
00:31:21,400 --> 00:31:24,847
He did everything but
call his mother names.

711
00:31:24,848 --> 00:31:26,369
And I think Ancel Keys knew

712
00:31:26,370 --> 00:31:28,759
that this hypothesis
competed with his own,

713
00:31:28,760 --> 00:31:31,667
and he did not want that to succeed.

714
00:31:31,668 --> 00:31:34,208
He wanted his hypothesis to be successful.

715
00:31:34,209 --> 00:31:38,179
Not surprisingly the sugar
industry also preferred

716
00:31:38,180 --> 00:31:40,654
to point the finger at saturated fat.

717
00:31:40,655 --> 00:31:42,578
Recently discovered documents reveal

718
00:31:42,579 --> 00:31:45,379
that in 1965 the sugar industry paid

719
00:31:45,380 --> 00:31:49,029
prominent Harvard
researchers to do just that.

720
00:31:49,030 --> 00:31:50,689
And they were very specifically

721
00:31:50,690 --> 00:31:54,409
paid $50,000 in today's dollars,

722
00:31:54,410 --> 00:31:57,938
to produce two articles
that exonerated sugar

723
00:31:57,939 --> 00:31:59,954
and fingered saturated fat

724
00:31:59,955 --> 00:32:03,760
as the cause of cardiovascular disease.

725
00:32:03,761 --> 00:32:06,939
We know that because we
have the paper trail.

726
00:32:06,940 --> 00:32:10,344
We have their names on the documents.

727
00:32:10,345 --> 00:32:13,309
This is unconscionable.

728
00:32:13,310 --> 00:32:15,339
The sugar industry's job was to get

729
00:32:15,340 --> 00:32:19,119
the nutrition community to say publicly

730
00:32:19,120 --> 00:32:20,599
what they believed to be true,

731
00:32:20,600 --> 00:32:23,329
which was dietary fat was
the problem, not sugar

732
00:32:23,330 --> 00:32:25,196
and they paid researchers to do that

733
00:32:25,197 --> 00:32:26,799
and they were very successful

734
00:32:26,800 --> 00:32:28,709
with getting that message across.

735
00:32:28,710 --> 00:32:31,329
In the 1977
a senate select committee

736
00:32:31,330 --> 00:32:36,299
headed up by Senator George
McGovern helped seal fats fate.

737
00:32:36,300 --> 00:32:39,439
Over the objection of scientists
who pleaded against it,

738
00:32:39,440 --> 00:32:41,779
and with no hard evidence to back it up,

739
00:32:41,780 --> 00:32:45,659
the committee recommended the
low fat diet to the nation.

740
00:32:45,660 --> 00:32:47,159
I have pleaded in my report

741
00:32:47,160 --> 00:32:48,681
and I will plead again orally here

742
00:32:48,682 --> 00:32:50,809
for more research on the problem

743
00:32:50,810 --> 00:32:53,209
before we make announcements
to the American public.

744
00:32:53,210 --> 00:32:56,529
Well, I would only argue
that Senators don't have

745
00:32:56,530 --> 00:32:59,039
the luxury that a research scientist does

746
00:32:59,040 --> 00:33:03,569
of waiting until every last
shred of evidence is in.

747
00:33:03,570 --> 00:33:06,112
McGovern just wanted to make
the statement and he said,

748
00:33:06,113 --> 00:33:08,959
"We haven't got time to
wait for the evidence."

749
00:33:08,960 --> 00:33:10,899
They recognized the
science is unsettled.

750
00:33:10,900 --> 00:33:12,399
And then the counterargument is,

751
00:33:12,400 --> 00:33:14,649
but we cannot afford to wait.

752
00:33:14,650 --> 00:33:17,075
And so they went without any evidence.

753
00:33:17,076 --> 00:33:19,303
And despite the fact that
many people had warned

754
00:33:19,304 --> 00:33:22,744
that this is gonna cause an
obesity diabetes epidemic.

755
00:33:22,745 --> 00:33:25,569
They were warned but they ignored it.

756
00:33:25,570 --> 00:33:28,319
In 1980, the
U.S. government triggered

757
00:33:28,320 --> 00:33:30,544
a radical shift in the diet of Americans

758
00:33:30,545 --> 00:33:35,545
when the campaign against fat
became official food policy.

759
00:33:36,080 --> 00:33:37,319
The first dietary guidelines

760
00:33:37,320 --> 00:33:38,920
recommended seven to 11 servings

761
00:33:38,921 --> 00:33:42,285
of bread basically every day.

762
00:33:42,286 --> 00:33:44,649
50 to 55% of your calories

763
00:33:44,650 --> 00:33:47,826
are supposed to come from
carbohydrates, mostly grains.

764
00:33:47,827 --> 00:33:50,299
For the first time
anywhere in the world,

765
00:33:50,300 --> 00:33:53,027
our government endorsed a massive increase

766
00:33:53,028 --> 00:33:56,123
in carbohydrates and slashed
saturated fat consumption

767
00:33:56,124 --> 00:33:59,799
to less than 10% of daily calories.

768
00:33:59,800 --> 00:34:03,650
The American Guideline
started with a very high carb,

769
00:34:03,651 --> 00:34:07,000
low fat approach which was disastrous

770
00:34:07,001 --> 00:34:10,688
for putting that out
into an entire population

771
00:34:10,689 --> 00:34:14,359
without evidence saying
that it was healthy.

772
00:34:14,360 --> 00:34:17,049
Obesity in America
had been slowly creeping

773
00:34:17,050 --> 00:34:21,871
up from the mid 1900s on

774
00:34:21,872 --> 00:34:26,872
but 1980 you see it go
sharply, turn sharply upwards.

775
00:34:26,920 --> 00:34:29,199
And then it just takes
off like an airplane.

776
00:34:29,200 --> 00:34:32,539
So, you just want to ask well,
what happened around then?

777
00:34:32,540 --> 00:34:36,415
What happened in 1980 is
that the U.S. government told

778
00:34:36,416 --> 00:34:38,973
all Americans cut back on fat

779
00:34:38,974 --> 00:34:41,699
and increase your carbohydrates.

780
00:34:41,700 --> 00:34:43,936
It could be complete coincidence,

781
00:34:43,937 --> 00:34:46,370
that that just happened to coincide

782
00:34:46,371 --> 00:34:48,929
but it sure as anything needs looking

783
00:34:48,930 --> 00:34:51,861
at to see if it is just coincidence.

784
00:34:51,862 --> 00:34:56,862
When we took the fat out
of the food, what did we do?

785
00:34:57,730 --> 00:35:01,725
We put something in which was way worse.

786
00:35:01,726 --> 00:35:02,658
Sugar.

787
00:35:02,659 --> 00:35:04,229
One, two and twist.

788
00:35:04,230 --> 00:35:05,369
Reduced-fat, Oreo.

789
00:35:05,370 --> 00:35:07,079
Less Fat, loads of taste.

790
00:35:07,080 --> 00:35:08,509
New,
reduced fat browning muffin

791
00:35:08,510 --> 00:35:09,849
and cake mixes from Pillsbury.

792
00:35:09,850 --> 00:35:11,299
Try the new frosting, too.

793
00:35:11,300 --> 00:35:14,109
Hershey's
Syrup is virtually fat free.

794
00:35:14,110 --> 00:35:14,943
Terrific.

795
00:35:14,944 --> 00:35:17,829
I mean let's face it, fat tastes good.

796
00:35:17,830 --> 00:35:19,750
We know that, and if you're gonna remove

797
00:35:19,751 --> 00:35:22,528
the fat from a food, you're gonna have

798
00:35:22,529 --> 00:35:24,869
to replace it with something else

799
00:35:24,870 --> 00:35:26,383
that gives people pleasure.

800
00:35:26,384 --> 00:35:27,759
As new Simple Pleasures

801
00:35:27,760 --> 00:35:31,329
is made with all natural
Simpless, instead of fat.

802
00:35:31,330 --> 00:35:32,879
And what did they put in?

803
00:35:32,880 --> 00:35:35,613
Refined carbohydrates, increased sugar,

804
00:35:35,614 --> 00:35:40,429
and boom we've got an
explosion of processed foods.

805
00:35:40,430 --> 00:35:41,659
So irresistible,

806
00:35:41,660 --> 00:35:44,719
people are sinking to a new
low to get their hands on one.

807
00:35:44,720 --> 00:35:45,553
Okay.

808
00:35:45,554 --> 00:35:47,219
Continental Yogurt is non-fat,

809
00:35:47,220 --> 00:35:49,159
not low-fat, non-Fat.

810
00:35:49,160 --> 00:35:49,993
Zero fat?

811
00:35:49,993 --> 00:35:50,826
How'd they do that?

812
00:35:50,827 --> 00:35:52,999
Ultimately, sugar was a bigger problem

813
00:35:53,000 --> 00:35:55,999
than saturated fat ever was.

814
00:35:56,000 --> 00:35:58,869
The industry learned that
if they took fat out the diet,

815
00:35:58,870 --> 00:36:00,339
they had to replace it with sugar.

816
00:36:00,340 --> 00:36:02,482
They then learned that
sugar was addictive.

817
00:36:02,483 --> 00:36:03,316
Wow!

818
00:36:03,316 --> 00:36:04,149
These are really good.

819
00:36:04,149 --> 00:36:04,982
These are great.

820
00:36:04,982 --> 00:36:05,880
Bring 'em on.

821
00:36:05,880 --> 00:36:06,713
Oh yes!

822
00:36:06,714 --> 00:36:08,609
And that's the drive
of the obesity epidemic.

823
00:36:08,610 --> 00:36:10,653
Low fat
yogurt higher in sugar.

824
00:36:10,654 --> 00:36:11,487
Whoa!

825
00:36:11,488 --> 00:36:12,609
Low fat peanut butter.

826
00:36:12,610 --> 00:36:13,443
This is special.

827
00:36:13,444 --> 00:36:14,871
Low fat salad dressing.

828
00:36:14,872 --> 00:36:15,705
This is great.

829
00:36:15,706 --> 00:36:17,229
All higher in sugar or carbs.

830
00:36:17,230 --> 00:36:18,569
Are you sure this fat free?

831
00:36:18,570 --> 00:36:21,439
All low fat foods turned
out to be higher in carbs.

832
00:36:21,440 --> 00:36:23,969
I don't think this
was anyone's intention.

833
00:36:23,970 --> 00:36:27,169
But it's what naturally
happens when you remove fat,

834
00:36:27,170 --> 00:36:29,609
which is natural for humans to be eating,

835
00:36:29,610 --> 00:36:33,389
from their dietary
choices and you put them

836
00:36:33,390 --> 00:36:35,639
on things instead of
tasting like cardboard,

837
00:36:35,640 --> 00:36:37,976
they can at least taste
like sweet cardboard.

838
00:36:37,977 --> 00:36:40,967
SnackWells,
Chocolate Sandwich Cookies.

839
00:36:40,968 --> 00:36:42,809
These taste unbelievable.

840
00:36:42,810 --> 00:36:44,079
What if I can't bake enough of them?

841
00:36:44,080 --> 00:36:45,830
Those women will be after me again.

842
00:36:46,935 --> 00:36:49,839
Hello, Cookie-Man, what's in the box?

843
00:36:49,840 --> 00:36:50,673
We have the SnackWell phenomenon,

844
00:36:50,674 --> 00:36:52,799
it was like the epitome of what happened

845
00:36:52,800 --> 00:36:55,219
with the low fat food industry,

846
00:36:55,220 --> 00:36:56,210
where people thought they could

847
00:36:56,211 --> 00:36:58,941
just eat massive amounts
of these cookies...

848
00:36:58,942 --> 00:37:01,489
Don't you think you got
a little carried away?

849
00:37:01,490 --> 00:37:02,323
That were very high

850
00:37:02,324 --> 00:37:04,479
in sugar and white flour.

851
00:37:04,480 --> 00:37:07,277
Cookie-Man, you'd better
make some more.

852
00:37:08,861 --> 00:37:10,949
The American Heart Association

853
00:37:10,950 --> 00:37:12,815
cashed in on the low fat craze.

854
00:37:12,816 --> 00:37:15,813
Food companies paid hundreds
of thousands of dollars

855
00:37:15,814 --> 00:37:19,749
to feature this heart healthy
check off symbol on a product.

856
00:37:19,750 --> 00:37:21,419
So this resulted in crazy things

857
00:37:21,420 --> 00:37:23,250
like heart checkoff on Cocoa Krispies,

858
00:37:23,251 --> 00:37:26,550
or on Honey Nut Cheerios
or on all these foods

859
00:37:26,551 --> 00:37:28,418
that were super high in sugar,

860
00:37:28,419 --> 00:37:30,319
but as long as they were low

861
00:37:30,320 --> 00:37:31,903
in fat then it was considered healthy.

862
00:37:31,904 --> 00:37:33,589
Kellogg's Fruit Loops Cereal,

863
00:37:33,590 --> 00:37:35,239
part of this nutritious breakfast.

864
00:37:37,321 --> 00:37:39,223
Now that's the seal of approval.

865
00:37:39,224 --> 00:37:41,974
Heart healthy
low fat Fruit Loops anyone?

866
00:37:43,390 --> 00:37:45,789
There's a
kind of conventional explanation

867
00:37:45,790 --> 00:37:48,129
that it's really the fault of Americans

868
00:37:48,130 --> 00:37:49,259
for not following the guidelines,

869
00:37:49,260 --> 00:37:50,869
there's nothing wrong with our guidelines,

870
00:37:50,870 --> 00:37:52,969
it's just that Americans
fail to follow them.

871
00:37:52,970 --> 00:37:54,369
But
government consumption data

872
00:37:54,370 --> 00:37:56,929
confirms Americans did as they were told

873
00:37:56,930 --> 00:37:59,229
and dutifully cut back
on natural fats found

874
00:37:59,230 --> 00:38:02,869
in red meat, whole milk,
eggs, animal fats and butter.

875
00:38:02,870 --> 00:38:05,116
But we still gained weight.

876
00:38:05,117 --> 00:38:06,879
One of the analogies that I like to use

877
00:38:06,880 --> 00:38:09,559
is imagine you had a baseball team

878
00:38:09,560 --> 00:38:14,226
that lost every single game
for the last 50, 60 years.

879
00:38:14,227 --> 00:38:16,334
Strike three, strike three!

880
00:38:16,335 --> 00:38:17,197
And you're like, "Well those players,

881
00:38:17,198 --> 00:38:18,466
"they just don't know how to play.

882
00:38:18,467 --> 00:38:19,739
"None of my players know how to play."

883
00:38:19,740 --> 00:38:20,952
Well at some point you'd have to say,

884
00:38:20,953 --> 00:38:23,963
maybe we should take a look
at our coaching strategy.

885
00:38:25,680 --> 00:38:29,229
It can't be the fault of all
of those players for decades.

886
00:38:29,230 --> 00:38:31,906
But that's basically our
explanation for why Americans

887
00:38:31,907 --> 00:38:34,919
are getting fatter and
sicker, it's their fault.

888
00:38:34,920 --> 00:38:36,429
They just can't do it right.

889
00:38:36,430 --> 00:38:37,949
I think the dietary guidelines have been

890
00:38:37,950 --> 00:38:40,210
a tremendous failed experiment.

891
00:38:40,211 --> 00:38:42,422
It's a good question of
whether they just need

892
00:38:42,423 --> 00:38:44,419
to be changed or whether they

893
00:38:44,420 --> 00:38:47,279
just need to be scrapped and start over.

894
00:38:47,280 --> 00:38:49,239
I genuinely believe that people now

895
00:38:49,240 --> 00:38:50,890
are hanging onto the saturated fat myth

896
00:38:50,891 --> 00:38:53,839
because they don't want to
admit that they were wrong.

897
00:38:53,840 --> 00:38:54,721
I don't think the governments

898
00:38:54,722 --> 00:38:57,274
will ever admit they were
wrong about saturated fat.

899
00:38:57,275 --> 00:38:59,328
And we are paying a hell of a price

900
00:38:59,329 --> 00:39:01,978
for a few public health people wanting

901
00:39:01,979 --> 00:39:06,309
to protect their own reputation,
not wanting to look silly.

902
00:39:06,310 --> 00:39:08,159
I used to fantasize about

903
00:39:08,160 --> 00:39:11,546
the American Heart Association
press release that would say,

904
00:39:11,547 --> 00:39:16,547
"Okay yes we know for
the past almost 60 years

905
00:39:17,077 --> 00:39:18,796
"we've been giving you the wrong advice

906
00:39:18,797 --> 00:39:20,890
"and we apologize if we killed

907
00:39:20,891 --> 00:39:25,675
"any of your loved ones
prematurely and we apologize

908
00:39:25,676 --> 00:39:27,046
"if we gave you heart disease

909
00:39:27,047 --> 00:39:28,685
"with the advice we did give you.

910
00:39:28,686 --> 00:39:31,906
"We were just telling you
what we thought was true then

911
00:39:31,907 --> 00:39:35,679
"and we were best of intentioned
and now we know better."

912
00:39:35,680 --> 00:39:37,805
That apology may never come

913
00:39:37,806 --> 00:39:40,021
and the largest health
organizations dedicated

914
00:39:40,022 --> 00:39:43,445
to preventing obesity and
Type 2 Diabetes continue

915
00:39:43,446 --> 00:39:46,430
to spread advice that makes it worse.

916
00:39:52,640 --> 00:39:55,559
Type 2 diabetes we were
always taught is a chronic

917
00:39:55,560 --> 00:39:59,539
and irreversible disease,
inevitably progressive.

918
00:39:59,540 --> 00:40:01,172
I flatly rejected that.

919
00:40:01,173 --> 00:40:02,539
I flatly reject it.

920
00:40:02,540 --> 00:40:04,619
So it is chronic, irreversible,

921
00:40:04,620 --> 00:40:07,551
and inevitably progressive if you take

922
00:40:07,552 --> 00:40:11,169
the guidelines currently in place

923
00:40:11,170 --> 00:40:13,993
and utilize them as your treatment plan.

924
00:40:15,830 --> 00:40:18,389
For years the
American Diabetes Association

925
00:40:18,390 --> 00:40:20,120
has promoted low fat diets.

926
00:40:20,121 --> 00:40:22,824
They use this handy
graphic illustration called

927
00:40:22,825 --> 00:40:26,069
the Diabetic Plate which
features limited amounts

928
00:40:26,070 --> 00:40:28,686
of lean meat, non fat dairy products,

929
00:40:28,687 --> 00:40:33,259
and 50% or more of daily
calories as carbohydrates.

930
00:40:33,260 --> 00:40:36,259
I think the Diabetic
Plate is a prescription

931
00:40:36,260 --> 00:40:37,939
for worsening of the disease.

932
00:40:37,940 --> 00:40:39,829
If you really look at the Diabetic Plate,

933
00:40:39,830 --> 00:40:44,830
it is three-fourths carbohydrates,
which makes no sense.

934
00:40:45,280 --> 00:40:48,109
It also is lean protein,

935
00:40:48,110 --> 00:40:50,329
so when we look at the
diabetic plate as a whole,

936
00:40:50,330 --> 00:40:52,323
there's almost no fats.

937
00:40:54,365 --> 00:40:59,188
This is a way to make
people sicker and fatter.

938
00:40:59,189 --> 00:41:01,339
This is the advice I was giving,

939
00:41:01,340 --> 00:41:02,879
this is the advice that doesn't work.

940
00:41:02,880 --> 00:41:05,524
This is the advice that
prescribes more medications,

941
00:41:05,525 --> 00:41:08,309
this is the advice that increases insulin.

942
00:41:08,310 --> 00:41:09,869
But really it's a metabolic shift

943
00:41:09,870 --> 00:41:12,649
when you burn fat
instead of burning sugar.

944
00:41:12,650 --> 00:41:15,159
Alyssa
Gallager is Judi's dietician.

945
00:41:15,160 --> 00:41:18,849
She was initially trained
in a low fat paradigm.

946
00:41:18,850 --> 00:41:22,879
When I first started exploring
the low-carb approach...

947
00:41:22,880 --> 00:41:24,449
That's really low carb.

948
00:41:24,450 --> 00:41:25,999
I can use that.

949
00:41:26,000 --> 00:41:28,659
I helped people genuinely,

950
00:41:28,660 --> 00:41:30,519
for the first time in my career.

951
00:41:30,520 --> 00:41:32,109
I'm going for real food now,

952
00:41:32,110 --> 00:41:34,009
so I can get rid of all of this.

953
00:41:34,010 --> 00:41:37,249
In the old days, I was
frustrated that the advice

954
00:41:37,250 --> 00:41:40,199
I was giving wasn't working for people.

955
00:41:40,200 --> 00:41:45,200
Oh, chips and crackers,
where's that garbage can?

956
00:41:45,870 --> 00:41:48,939
I was taught, essentially what

957
00:41:48,940 --> 00:41:53,940
the American Diabetes Association
teaches is carbohydrates,

958
00:41:54,370 --> 00:41:57,520
consistent carbohydrates,
more whole grain.

959
00:41:57,521 --> 00:41:59,029
No oatmeal.

960
00:41:59,030 --> 00:42:02,629
They used to tell us
that was good for you.

961
00:42:02,630 --> 00:42:04,830
I was taught saturated
fat is bad for you.

962
00:42:05,800 --> 00:42:07,309
Saturated fat is something

963
00:42:07,310 --> 00:42:11,799
to be avoided and limited at all costs.

964
00:42:11,800 --> 00:42:13,709
The problem is when

965
00:42:13,710 --> 00:42:15,565
you remove fat from a diet you have

966
00:42:15,566 --> 00:42:18,549
to eat something else instead.

967
00:42:18,550 --> 00:42:23,483
And that something else
is often carbohydrates.

968
00:42:24,330 --> 00:42:27,019
At first I didn't
understand why the advice

969
00:42:27,020 --> 00:42:28,089
I was giving wasn't working.

970
00:42:28,090 --> 00:42:30,739
It's what I learned in school.

971
00:42:30,740 --> 00:42:32,749
I'm the nutrition expert, right?

972
00:42:32,750 --> 00:42:34,099
It should be working.

973
00:42:34,100 --> 00:42:36,913
And then eventually it started
not making sense to me.

974
00:42:36,914 --> 00:42:39,210
Why am I telling somebody with diabetes

975
00:42:39,211 --> 00:42:42,093
that they must eat carbohydrates?

976
00:42:43,108 --> 00:42:44,359
It didn't make any sense.

977
00:42:44,360 --> 00:42:45,915
Carbohydrates raise blood sugar,

978
00:42:45,916 --> 00:42:47,569
when you have higher blood sugars,

979
00:42:47,570 --> 00:42:49,379
we need to give you more medication.

980
00:42:49,380 --> 00:42:52,337
When we give you more
medication, you gain weight.

981
00:42:52,338 --> 00:42:54,629
When you gain weight,
you need more medication,

982
00:42:54,630 --> 00:42:55,639
you want to eat more carbs.

983
00:42:55,640 --> 00:42:57,499
It became a vicious cycle.

984
00:42:57,500 --> 00:42:59,811
Okay, I think I'm done
cleanin' out my pantry.

985
00:42:59,812 --> 00:43:02,819
And insulin resistance is essentially

986
00:43:02,820 --> 00:43:05,599
a state of carbohydrate intolerance.

987
00:43:05,600 --> 00:43:08,168
So why oh why do we want to continue

988
00:43:08,169 --> 00:43:11,264
to recommend to people to eat them?

989
00:43:11,265 --> 00:43:14,529
Sarah Hallberg
is a physician leading arguably

990
00:43:14,530 --> 00:43:15,885
the most promising trial

991
00:43:15,886 --> 00:43:18,829
ever conducted for Type 2 diabetics.

992
00:43:18,830 --> 00:43:20,909
She's helped hundreds of patients safely

993
00:43:20,910 --> 00:43:24,209
and sustainably reverse
their diabetes diagnosis,

994
00:43:24,210 --> 00:43:26,081
often getting off all medications

995
00:43:26,082 --> 00:43:30,348
by cutting carbs and increasing
their fat intake a lot

996
00:43:30,349 --> 00:43:35,349
to as much as 70 to 80% of daily calories.

997
00:43:35,350 --> 00:43:37,509
The solution to the diabetes epidemic

998
00:43:37,510 --> 00:43:40,819
in my clinic is exceedingly clear.

999
00:43:40,820 --> 00:43:45,599
Stop using medicine to treat food.

1000
00:43:45,600 --> 00:43:48,184
Her TED Talk on
this unconventional approach

1001
00:43:48,185 --> 00:43:51,089
has nearly 5,000,000 views.

1002
00:43:51,090 --> 00:43:51,997
The title?

1003
00:43:51,998 --> 00:43:53,926
"Reversing Type 2 Diabetes Starts

1004
00:43:53,927 --> 00:43:56,681
"with Ignoring the Guidelines."

1005
00:43:56,682 --> 00:44:01,682
Fat is central to any
science-based nutrition

1006
00:44:01,930 --> 00:44:04,009
recommendation for anyone

1007
00:44:04,010 --> 00:44:06,299
who struggles with Type 2 diabetes.

1008
00:44:06,300 --> 00:44:10,699
Carbohydrates cause our
insulin and glucose to go up.

1009
00:44:10,700 --> 00:44:14,729
Proteins much less and with fat,

1010
00:44:14,730 --> 00:44:18,329
there's no glucose or insulin reaction.

1011
00:44:18,330 --> 00:44:20,984
And given the fact that Type 2 diabetes

1012
00:44:20,985 --> 00:44:25,985
is a problem with elevated
glucose, wait a minute,

1013
00:44:26,040 --> 00:44:29,529
we can't be recommending
the macro nutrient

1014
00:44:29,530 --> 00:44:32,709
that's gonna cause glucose
and insulin to go up.

1015
00:44:32,710 --> 00:44:37,599
But that's exactly what MyPlate
and the ADA guidelines do.

1016
00:44:37,600 --> 00:44:39,238
They recommend us to eat

1017
00:44:39,239 --> 00:44:43,239
the macro nutrient that's
causing the problem.

1018
00:44:43,240 --> 00:44:46,579
In here clinical
trial of nearly 500 patients,

1019
00:44:46,580 --> 00:44:49,068
60% of the intervention group reversed

1020
00:44:49,069 --> 00:44:51,589
their diagnosis of diabetes.

1021
00:44:51,590 --> 00:44:53,211
That's more than half the patients

1022
00:44:53,212 --> 00:44:56,129
whose blood sugars normalized.

1023
00:44:56,130 --> 00:44:59,119
94% have their insulin doses decreased

1024
00:44:59,120 --> 00:45:01,879
or totally eliminated with no increase

1025
00:45:01,880 --> 00:45:04,659
in their LDL or lousy cholesterol.

1026
00:45:04,660 --> 00:45:07,769
By comparison, the American
Diabetes Association

1027
00:45:07,770 --> 00:45:10,459
reports a less than 1% success rate

1028
00:45:10,460 --> 00:45:12,739
at reversing diabetes when following

1029
00:45:12,740 --> 00:45:15,679
their own low fat advice.

1030
00:45:15,680 --> 00:45:19,609
So if we want people to really get help,

1031
00:45:19,610 --> 00:45:24,610
we have to start giving them
advice that actually works.

1032
00:45:24,611 --> 00:45:28,945
It's hard when you have, let
alone been hearing something

1033
00:45:28,946 --> 00:45:32,309
for decades but been saying
something for decades.

1034
00:45:32,310 --> 00:45:34,348
It's difficult to turn that ship around.

1035
00:45:34,349 --> 00:45:38,309
Because to turn that ship around
you have to be vulnerable.

1036
00:45:38,310 --> 00:45:40,863
You have to say, I was wrong.

1037
00:45:41,770 --> 00:45:44,499
And this involves a lot of organizations,

1038
00:45:44,500 --> 00:45:49,500
a lot of people saying I was
wrong and I think that's hard.

1039
00:45:49,570 --> 00:45:50,870
I think that's a big deal.

1040
00:45:52,200 --> 00:45:53,309
After years of following

1041
00:45:53,310 --> 00:45:55,053
the guidelines and getting nowhere,

1042
00:45:55,054 --> 00:45:58,769
Judi has decided to
ignore the ADA's advice

1043
00:45:58,770 --> 00:46:00,722
and try to reverse her Type 2 diabetes

1044
00:46:00,723 --> 00:46:04,629
with a low carb, high fat nutrition plan.

1045
00:46:04,630 --> 00:46:06,339
The health professionals
that were givin'

1046
00:46:06,340 --> 00:46:07,970
us all that advice through the years

1047
00:46:07,971 --> 00:46:10,879
just kinda bounced us back and forth

1048
00:46:10,880 --> 00:46:13,089
and we never really had any answers.

1049
00:46:13,090 --> 00:46:14,913
I really like just
unsweetened coconut chips...

1050
00:46:14,914 --> 00:46:19,914
I feel like what I'm learning
now is a way toward health

1051
00:46:20,423 --> 00:46:24,636
and a way toward a better
size that I'll feel good about

1052
00:46:24,637 --> 00:46:28,073
which to me is hand in
hand with my health.

1053
00:46:30,377 --> 00:46:33,093
The U.S. military is
now facing a new threat.

1054
00:46:33,094 --> 00:46:36,319
It's not North Korea, it
is actually the U.S. diet.

1055
00:46:36,320 --> 00:46:39,413
The single biggest
disqualifier is obesity.

1056
00:46:40,250 --> 00:46:41,083
Wait?

1057
00:46:41,084 --> 00:46:42,939
We're talkin' about young people?

1058
00:46:42,940 --> 00:46:43,977
Right, youth obesity.

1059
00:46:43,978 --> 00:46:46,979
25% of all potential recruits

1060
00:46:46,980 --> 00:46:49,243
are turned away because of their weight.

1061
00:46:51,800 --> 00:46:55,650
At this point in time,
we can't field an army,

1062
00:46:55,651 --> 00:46:59,929
because they are quote,
"Too fat to fight."

1063
00:46:59,930 --> 00:47:03,273
That's not my words, that's
the U.S. Army's words.

1064
00:47:04,860 --> 00:47:07,333
A few months ago, the Army
missed its recruitment goals

1065
00:47:07,334 --> 00:47:09,933
for the first time in 13 years.

1066
00:47:11,790 --> 00:47:13,036
We've gotten to a point where

1067
00:47:13,037 --> 00:47:15,514
we're too fat to defend ourselves.

1068
00:47:22,711 --> 00:47:23,799
Captain Brian Gaudette

1069
00:47:23,800 --> 00:47:25,849
is an Apache helicopter pilot,

1070
00:47:25,850 --> 00:47:27,553
an entrepreneur and a living example

1071
00:47:27,554 --> 00:47:31,139
of why the U.S. dietary guidelines matter.

1072
00:47:31,140 --> 00:47:34,299
Flying Apache
helicopters is probably one

1073
00:47:34,300 --> 00:47:36,469
of the most fun things on the planet,

1074
00:47:36,470 --> 00:47:39,679
but it's also very high stakes.

1075
00:47:39,680 --> 00:47:43,829
You need all of your
faculties to stay safe.

1076
00:47:43,830 --> 00:47:45,619
On high stakes missions often

1077
00:47:45,620 --> 00:47:46,869
on the other side of the world,

1078
00:47:46,870 --> 00:47:49,059
Brian was confined to Army food.

1079
00:47:49,060 --> 00:47:53,529
A diet dictated by the dietary guidelines.

1080
00:47:53,530 --> 00:47:56,182
I always had sandwiches for lunch,

1081
00:47:56,183 --> 00:48:01,183
lots of noodle-based dishes,
lots of rice-based dishes.

1082
00:48:01,414 --> 00:48:03,939
I was running about three
or four times a week,

1083
00:48:03,940 --> 00:48:05,443
between three and five miles,

1084
00:48:05,444 --> 00:48:08,063
but the weight was still coming on.

1085
00:48:09,374 --> 00:48:13,875
One day I was in the cockpit,
and I put my head down,

1086
00:48:13,876 --> 00:48:16,762
and it felt like the world was moving,

1087
00:48:16,763 --> 00:48:18,069
like the aircraft was moving.

1088
00:48:18,070 --> 00:48:21,739
I looked up really quick and
then I put my head down again.

1089
00:48:21,740 --> 00:48:22,660
I felt it again.

1090
00:48:22,661 --> 00:48:26,736
And so I kinda had to
raise my hand and say,

1091
00:48:26,737 --> 00:48:28,909
"Hey, we have a problem here."

1092
00:48:28,910 --> 00:48:31,577
Brian knew he was
sick but he didn't know why.

1093
00:48:31,578 --> 00:48:34,109
He was grounded from flying.

1094
00:48:34,110 --> 00:48:38,139
For the next eight months
I went to every specialist.

1095
00:48:38,140 --> 00:48:39,641
Do you have a brain tumor?

1096
00:48:39,642 --> 00:48:41,379
Is it an inner ear thing?

1097
00:48:41,380 --> 00:48:42,489
Is there a cardiac issue?

1098
00:48:42,490 --> 00:48:44,029
Is there a neurological issue?

1099
00:48:44,030 --> 00:48:46,866
And they said, "You know,
Brian, sometimes stress does

1100
00:48:46,867 --> 00:48:48,159
"weird stuff to the body,"

1101
00:48:48,160 --> 00:48:51,299
and handed me a card for mental health.

1102
00:48:51,300 --> 00:48:52,929
Not one medical specialist

1103
00:48:52,930 --> 00:48:55,776
asked Brian about his nutrition.

1104
00:48:55,777 --> 00:48:57,569
And they were just like, "Sorry."

1105
00:48:57,570 --> 00:48:58,906
You know?

1106
00:48:58,907 --> 00:49:00,819
"That's about all we can do for you."

1107
00:49:00,820 --> 00:49:03,146
So, there was a turning point
where I was like, "Okay.

1108
00:49:03,147 --> 00:49:05,547
"Well, we've got to figure
this out on our own."

1109
00:49:13,680 --> 00:49:15,866
Brian decided
to try an elimination diet

1110
00:49:15,867 --> 00:49:18,879
and he cut out all grains and sugar.

1111
00:49:18,880 --> 00:49:21,129
For really, just
efficiency and for taste,

1112
00:49:21,130 --> 00:49:25,465
I made these giant batches
of bone broth, vegetable,

1113
00:49:25,466 --> 00:49:30,466
and meat soups and I just ate
them pretty much every day.

1114
00:49:30,700 --> 00:49:31,580
And that's where sort

1115
00:49:31,581 --> 00:49:33,999
of the nickname Captain Soup came from.

1116
00:49:34,000 --> 00:49:37,309
In about six weeks, I got my brain back.

1117
00:49:37,310 --> 00:49:39,049
I got my energy back.

1118
00:49:39,050 --> 00:49:41,899
I lost about 25 pounds.

1119
00:49:41,900 --> 00:49:43,729
I started to see my husband come back.

1120
00:49:43,730 --> 00:49:47,296
I started to see my
children's father come back.

1121
00:49:47,297 --> 00:49:50,933
It's miraculous to me
what just food can do.

1122
00:49:51,790 --> 00:49:53,629
Just by changing what he ate,

1123
00:49:53,630 --> 00:49:55,699
Brian's health problems resolved.

1124
00:49:55,700 --> 00:49:57,423
He no longer takes any medication,

1125
00:49:57,424 --> 00:49:58,449
he's back to - Nice, throw dude.

1126
00:49:58,450 --> 00:49:59,609
- His high school weight,
- Ready?

1127
00:49:59,610 --> 00:50:00,443
And the Army - Whoa!

1128
00:50:00,444 --> 00:50:02,856
Has reinstated
his flight status.

1129
00:50:02,857 --> 00:50:06,639
And now he's sharing his recipe
for health with the world.

1130
00:50:06,640 --> 00:50:09,909
Now we make just
super clean keto soups,

1131
00:50:09,910 --> 00:50:13,039
and we ship 'em frozen
all over the country.

1132
00:50:13,040 --> 00:50:14,349
These days when Brian goes

1133
00:50:14,350 --> 00:50:17,159
on deployment he ships
ahead cases of soup.

1134
00:50:17,160 --> 00:50:21,669
He no longer relies on the Army
food that made him so sick.

1135
00:50:21,670 --> 00:50:23,957
When my son was born, I was really sick.

1136
00:50:23,958 --> 00:50:27,689
And I look back at photos from that time,

1137
00:50:27,690 --> 00:50:31,392
and I barely remember
anything about that year,

1138
00:50:31,393 --> 00:50:34,819
because I was so out of it.

1139
00:50:34,820 --> 00:50:36,235
Sorry.

1140
00:50:36,236 --> 00:50:38,256
And when you don't have energy

1141
00:50:38,257 --> 00:50:39,759
and you don't have your health,

1142
00:50:39,760 --> 00:50:42,333
like you don't really have anything.

1143
00:50:43,482 --> 00:50:46,439
I have my brain back,
I have my energy back,

1144
00:50:46,440 --> 00:50:49,099
and I can show up and be there

1145
00:50:49,100 --> 00:50:51,653
for my kids and for my
wife like I wanna be.

1146
00:50:55,370 --> 00:50:57,281
Today, less than 20% of medical schools

1147
00:50:57,282 --> 00:50:59,809
require nutrition training for physicians.

1148
00:50:59,810 --> 00:51:02,139
That's slowly changing
but a widespread lack

1149
00:51:02,140 --> 00:51:05,439
of nutrition knowledge means
many physicians misunderstand

1150
00:51:05,440 --> 00:51:08,212
the root causes of chronic
and metabolic diseases

1151
00:51:08,213 --> 00:51:10,413
which are often driven by diet.

1152
00:51:13,480 --> 00:51:15,866
When a physician preaches low-fat

1153
00:51:15,867 --> 00:51:18,772
and a physician preaches reducing calories

1154
00:51:18,773 --> 00:51:22,339
and they try that themselves,
it doesn't take long

1155
00:51:22,340 --> 00:51:25,386
for some of them to realize,
"This isn't working for me,

1156
00:51:25,387 --> 00:51:27,837
"maybe it's not working
for my patients, either."

1157
00:51:28,676 --> 00:51:29,509
- Ali!
- Hi.

1158
00:51:29,510 --> 00:51:30,926
How are you doin'?

1159
00:51:30,927 --> 00:51:31,810
Good, it's nice to see you.

1160
00:51:31,811 --> 00:51:34,249
Physicians
are not immune to obesity.

1161
00:51:34,250 --> 00:51:36,846
Plenty of them struggle with
their own health challenges.

1162
00:51:36,847 --> 00:51:37,720
It's been gettin' a lot better.

1163
00:51:37,721 --> 00:51:39,414
Until two years ago, I was tryin'

1164
00:51:39,415 --> 00:51:42,709
to do the American
Diabetes Association diet,

1165
00:51:42,710 --> 00:51:43,969
the American Heart Association,

1166
00:51:43,970 --> 00:51:46,319
trying to eat a low fat diet,

1167
00:51:46,320 --> 00:51:47,369
eating small meals throughout

1168
00:51:47,370 --> 00:51:49,072
the day and I'm gaining weight.

1169
00:51:49,073 --> 00:51:50,073
Up, two!

1170
00:51:51,020 --> 00:51:52,010
Up, three!

1171
00:51:52,011 --> 00:51:53,309
I was working out six days a week

1172
00:51:53,310 --> 00:51:54,524
because I would say I gotta work out

1173
00:51:54,525 --> 00:51:55,789
if I want to lose weight,

1174
00:51:55,790 --> 00:51:57,669
I want to be an example to my patients.

1175
00:51:57,670 --> 00:52:00,279
You're exercising but like they say,

1176
00:52:00,280 --> 00:52:01,419
you can't outrun your fork.

1177
00:52:01,420 --> 00:52:03,019
So, I had a huge...

1178
00:52:03,020 --> 00:52:04,879
Like many docs, Brian Lenzkes

1179
00:52:04,880 --> 00:52:06,929
was trained in the low fat paradigm

1180
00:52:06,930 --> 00:52:09,990
and that's what he practiced
with his patients for decades.

1181
00:52:09,991 --> 00:52:12,169
But the struggle with his own weight

1182
00:52:12,170 --> 00:52:14,399
was getting out of control.

1183
00:52:14,400 --> 00:52:17,299
Yeah at that point I
was around 260 pounds.

1184
00:52:17,300 --> 00:52:19,909
And at that time I was also pre diabetic.

1185
00:52:19,910 --> 00:52:21,739
Clearly what I was doing wasn't working.

1186
00:52:21,740 --> 00:52:23,759
I was following the government guidelines

1187
00:52:23,760 --> 00:52:25,579
and I was getting sicker and sicker.

1188
00:52:25,580 --> 00:52:27,619
And it's not working for me.

1189
00:52:27,620 --> 00:52:29,799
Well, were my patients not listening to me

1190
00:52:29,800 --> 00:52:31,969
or was I giving them bad advice?

1191
00:52:31,970 --> 00:52:34,067
And it turns out we
were giving bad advice.

1192
00:52:34,068 --> 00:52:36,980
Honey, I got a mixture of chicken,

1193
00:52:36,981 --> 00:52:41,889
Italian seasoned sausage and a spicy pork.

1194
00:52:41,890 --> 00:52:44,229
So when I cut carbohydrates
the interesting thing for me,

1195
00:52:44,230 --> 00:52:45,995
if I had eggs for breakfast for instance,

1196
00:52:45,996 --> 00:52:48,349
my 10 o'clock snack that I was gonna have,

1197
00:52:48,350 --> 00:52:50,059
I wasn't hungry and I would
skip right through it.

1198
00:52:50,060 --> 00:52:52,039
- I got grease on my fingers.
- Super good.

1199
00:52:52,040 --> 00:52:53,749
Within the first six months I was down

1200
00:52:53,750 --> 00:52:55,672
about 28 pounds, 30 pounds.

1201
00:52:55,673 --> 00:52:58,349
I was putting on muscle mass
and I was feeling really good.

1202
00:52:58,350 --> 00:53:02,839
My energy, my mental clarity,
my focus, my fatigue levels,

1203
00:53:02,840 --> 00:53:03,673
all those things got better.

1204
00:53:03,674 --> 00:53:04,919
I was like, wow.

1205
00:53:04,920 --> 00:53:06,249
Pretty interesting.

1206
00:53:06,250 --> 00:53:07,749
How many of you guys have lost 10 pounds

1207
00:53:07,750 --> 00:53:09,049
or more doing low carb or Keto?

1208
00:53:09,050 --> 00:53:11,369
And he's been a fantastic ambassador

1209
00:53:11,370 --> 00:53:13,899
for low-carb lifestyle because
he's seen it personally

1210
00:53:13,900 --> 00:53:16,449
and now he's seen it with
hundreds of his patients.

1211
00:53:16,450 --> 00:53:18,495
- Hey, how ya doin'?
- Fine, thanks.

1212
00:53:18,496 --> 00:53:20,382
- So good to see ya.
- Thank you.

1213
00:53:20,383 --> 00:53:21,350
How's things?

1214
00:53:21,351 --> 00:53:22,993
In all my years of practice,
I never saw anyone cured

1215
00:53:22,994 --> 00:53:25,299
of diabetes by going on a low fat diet.

1216
00:53:25,300 --> 00:53:26,459
Never, not one time.

1217
00:53:26,460 --> 00:53:27,949
No one came off of insulin.

1218
00:53:27,950 --> 00:53:29,299
Since switching his practice

1219
00:53:29,300 --> 00:53:31,872
to a low carb ketogenic
approach nearly a dozen

1220
00:53:31,873 --> 00:53:33,780
of Brian's patients have reversed

1221
00:53:33,781 --> 00:53:37,619
their Type 2 diabetes and
come off insulin all together.

1222
00:53:37,620 --> 00:53:39,249
Man, I was just Lookin' at your numbers

1223
00:53:39,250 --> 00:53:42,619
and it's like, I think
of anyone I've ever seen,

1224
00:53:42,620 --> 00:53:44,617
you have come off insulin
faster than anyone.

1225
00:53:44,618 --> 00:53:49,063
I feel brand new, brand new, brand new.

1226
00:53:49,920 --> 00:53:52,389
So I'm stickin' with the diet.

1227
00:53:52,390 --> 00:53:55,287
At three months, I went
from insulin five times a day

1228
00:53:55,288 --> 00:54:00,288
to no insulin and was able to
maintain normal blood sugars.

1229
00:54:00,669 --> 00:54:05,669
- I don't remember if Dr.
- Lenzkes suggested keto

1230
00:54:06,232 --> 00:54:08,799
specifically for the weight loss

1231
00:54:08,800 --> 00:54:11,409
or if it wasn't for the
other issues that I had.

1232
00:54:11,410 --> 00:54:14,239
I started it, and I do love butter,

1233
00:54:14,240 --> 00:54:16,830
and I do love cream and I do love bacon.

1234
00:54:16,831 --> 00:54:20,070
So, it sounded really pretty good to me.

1235
00:54:20,071 --> 00:54:25,071
I ate less, and what
I ate, I enjoyed more.

1236
00:54:25,370 --> 00:54:29,673
Since last March, a year ago,

1237
00:54:30,980 --> 00:54:33,929
I've lost between 50 and 60 pounds,

1238
00:54:33,930 --> 00:54:35,449
but I've gained a lot of strength,

1239
00:54:35,450 --> 00:54:37,729
I've gained a lot of muscle as well.

1240
00:54:37,730 --> 00:54:40,028
So, I've lost over 200 pounds.

1241
00:54:40,029 --> 00:54:42,249
It's just mind boggling.

1242
00:54:42,250 --> 00:54:45,579
He hadn't taken any
patients off insulin ever

1243
00:54:45,580 --> 00:54:48,539
in his entire career and in five months,

1244
00:54:48,540 --> 00:54:51,423
he got 11 patients off insulin completely.

1245
00:54:51,424 --> 00:54:54,339
How can you not acknowledge that?

1246
00:54:54,340 --> 00:54:55,399
You've done incredible things.

1247
00:54:55,400 --> 00:54:56,579
I mean, just two years ago you were

1248
00:54:56,580 --> 00:54:59,276
on insulin five times a day,
huge doses and you asked me

1249
00:54:59,277 --> 00:55:00,909
can I come off this insulin?

1250
00:55:00,910 --> 00:55:03,189
I'm gaining weight, I'm tired,
I'm fatigued all the time,

1251
00:55:03,190 --> 00:55:05,262
and now seeing you, where you're at now,

1252
00:55:05,263 --> 00:55:07,259
it's pretty remarkable
what you've accomplished

1253
00:55:07,260 --> 00:55:09,729
just by making some lifestyle changes.

1254
00:55:09,730 --> 00:55:12,189
They're empowered now to
get themselves off insulin.

1255
00:55:12,190 --> 00:55:14,689
So, now they're seeing it.

1256
00:55:14,690 --> 00:55:16,455
Now my patients are telling their patients

1257
00:55:16,456 --> 00:55:17,966
and they're going to them to saying,

1258
00:55:17,967 --> 00:55:19,396
"Hey, how come this
person came off insulin?

1259
00:55:19,397 --> 00:55:20,320
"I thought it couldn't happen."

1260
00:55:20,321 --> 00:55:21,379
It can happen.

1261
00:55:21,380 --> 00:55:22,589
It does happen, right?

1262
00:55:22,590 --> 00:55:23,832
And we're excited about that.

1263
00:55:23,833 --> 00:55:25,229
I don't know anyone else who

1264
00:55:25,230 --> 00:55:26,739
has lost as much weight as you have,

1265
00:55:26,740 --> 00:55:29,284
even with gastric bypass
surgery I've never seen it.

1266
00:55:29,285 --> 00:55:30,491
The fact that you are coming down off

1267
00:55:30,492 --> 00:55:34,059
your diabetes medications,
you're off them all now,

1268
00:55:34,060 --> 00:55:35,549
your blood pressure came down.

1269
00:55:35,550 --> 00:55:36,591
All these things are getting better

1270
00:55:36,592 --> 00:55:39,049
and we're just slowly getting
you off the medications.

1271
00:55:39,050 --> 00:55:41,689
You are making progress and
you're making a ton of progress,

1272
00:55:41,690 --> 00:55:43,667
more than anyone that I've ever seen.

1273
00:55:43,668 --> 00:55:46,579
That shift that he saw in his patients,

1274
00:55:46,580 --> 00:55:49,158
being able to actually remove medications

1275
00:55:49,159 --> 00:55:50,909
and make them healthier

1276
00:55:50,910 --> 00:55:53,119
at the same time was just tremendous.

1277
00:55:53,120 --> 00:55:55,663
And it all started with
his own personal journey.

1278
00:55:57,980 --> 00:55:59,329
Maybe, eventually,

1279
00:55:59,330 --> 00:56:02,239
the government will come around.

1280
00:56:02,240 --> 00:56:04,019
Maybe, possibly so.

1281
00:56:04,020 --> 00:56:06,041
If not, it's your health, right?

1282
00:56:06,042 --> 00:56:07,489
- Absolutely, absolutely.
- We can do it as individuals

1283
00:56:07,490 --> 00:56:09,569
and when people are seeing
people have benefits,

1284
00:56:09,570 --> 00:56:11,259
they're gonna wanna go
into that lifestyle,

1285
00:56:11,260 --> 00:56:13,649
and what you're doing and what
we're seeing day after day

1286
00:56:13,650 --> 00:56:14,615
- is super exciting.
- Yeah.

1287
00:56:14,616 --> 00:56:15,999
- Yeah, so thank you.
- Thank you so much.

1288
00:56:16,000 --> 00:56:17,050
Thank you

1289
00:56:17,051 --> 00:56:17,884
- for encouraging me too!
- Thank you.

1290
00:56:17,884 --> 00:56:18,745
Oh no.

1291
00:56:18,746 --> 00:56:21,483
You're wonderful, you
are absolutely the best.

1292
00:56:21,484 --> 00:56:22,949
You're awesome, thank you.

1293
00:56:22,950 --> 00:56:24,599
So the three main macro nutrients

1294
00:56:24,600 --> 00:56:27,529
in food are carbohydrate, protein and fat,

1295
00:56:27,530 --> 00:56:29,009
and here's an important point.

1296
00:56:29,010 --> 00:56:32,043
There are essential fats
and essential proteins,

1297
00:56:32,044 --> 00:56:35,133
but there are no essential carbohydrates.

1298
00:56:36,220 --> 00:56:37,569
Essential means the nutrients

1299
00:56:37,570 --> 00:56:40,269
are required to sustain human life.

1300
00:56:40,270 --> 00:56:42,330
We must eat these to survive.

1301
00:56:42,331 --> 00:56:45,441
But there is no physical
or biological need

1302
00:56:45,442 --> 00:56:49,727
for us to consume any
carbohydrates at all.

1303
00:56:57,650 --> 00:57:00,784
I was an ultra distance runner.

1304
00:57:00,785 --> 00:57:05,559
Not an elite athlete, but I
was pretty good and finished

1305
00:57:05,560 --> 00:57:08,983
in the top 100 out of a
field of about 14, 15,000.

1306
00:57:10,330 --> 00:57:12,109
By the
time he was 30 years old,

1307
00:57:12,110 --> 00:57:13,929
Doug Reynolds had run over almost

1308
00:57:13,930 --> 00:57:15,913
100 marathons and ultra marathons.

1309
00:57:17,188 --> 00:57:19,169
He was in the best shape of his life

1310
00:57:19,170 --> 00:57:21,339
but something wasn't right.

1311
00:57:21,340 --> 00:57:22,971
And I would be incredibly fit,

1312
00:57:22,972 --> 00:57:26,039
and yet on the day of the race,

1313
00:57:26,040 --> 00:57:27,355
I would be standing there thinking,

1314
00:57:27,356 --> 00:57:31,226
"I've got to run up that
mountain for 55 miles.

1315
00:57:31,227 --> 00:57:32,579
"I can't even get to the corner."

1316
00:57:32,580 --> 00:57:34,102
I felt terrible.

1317
00:57:34,103 --> 00:57:36,276
I used to think it was just nerves.

1318
00:57:36,277 --> 00:57:38,769
Like many
people, Doug thought athletes

1319
00:57:38,770 --> 00:57:41,239
couldn't function without carbohydrates.

1320
00:57:41,240 --> 00:57:44,239
He would binge on carbs in the
days leading up to the race.

1321
00:57:44,240 --> 00:57:45,329
But it wasn't the nerves.

1322
00:57:45,330 --> 00:57:46,884
It was the fact that three days before,

1323
00:57:46,885 --> 00:57:51,209
I'd just gorge myself on all these pastas

1324
00:57:51,210 --> 00:57:55,579
and potatoes and all these
carbohydrates and it was toxic.

1325
00:57:55,580 --> 00:57:57,631
It's a familiar
story to Dr. Tim Noakes,

1326
00:57:57,632 --> 00:58:00,999
the man who wrote the
book on carb loading.

1327
00:58:01,000 --> 00:58:02,869
So the first four chapters are all

1328
00:58:02,870 --> 00:58:04,819
on high carbohydrate diets and how

1329
00:58:04,820 --> 00:58:07,179
the most important
determinant of your success

1330
00:58:07,180 --> 00:58:10,260
in running is how much
carbohydrates you're eating.

1331
00:58:10,261 --> 00:58:14,319
So I promoted this and all
the time while I was writing

1332
00:58:14,320 --> 00:58:17,369
this I was getting fatter,
less healthy and my running

1333
00:58:17,370 --> 00:58:19,939
was getting slower and slower and slower,

1334
00:58:19,940 --> 00:58:22,969
to the point where I was
really hating running.

1335
00:58:22,970 --> 00:58:24,469
Even though
they were exercising

1336
00:58:24,470 --> 00:58:26,279
a lot more than most people,

1337
00:58:26,280 --> 00:58:30,049
both men suffered from their
low fat, high carb diets.

1338
00:58:30,050 --> 00:58:31,491
I started to put on
a little bit of weight

1339
00:58:31,492 --> 00:58:33,339
and I never used to weigh myself

1340
00:58:33,340 --> 00:58:35,643
because I was always a runner, I was fine.

1341
00:58:35,644 --> 00:58:37,429
And I got on the scale

1342
00:58:37,430 --> 00:58:39,309
and I was like thirty-five
pounds overweight?

1343
00:58:39,310 --> 00:58:40,539
I thought the scale was broken!

1344
00:58:40,540 --> 00:58:43,299
And then, much more interestingly,

1345
00:58:43,300 --> 00:58:45,619
I discovered I had Type 2 diabetes,

1346
00:58:45,620 --> 00:58:47,279
which was predictable because my dad

1347
00:58:47,280 --> 00:58:49,539
had died from the disease
and my dad took 10 years

1348
00:58:49,540 --> 00:58:51,199
to die and I figured I've

1349
00:58:51,200 --> 00:58:53,126
got 10 years to sort this problem out.

1350
00:58:53,127 --> 00:58:55,149
Both Tim and Doug decided

1351
00:58:55,150 --> 00:58:58,509
to break the convention
and try a low carb diet.

1352
00:58:58,510 --> 00:59:01,259
They cut carbs to less
than 20 grams a day,

1353
00:59:01,260 --> 00:59:03,777
ate moderate amounts of
protein and began eating 70

1354
00:59:03,778 --> 00:59:07,339
to 80% of daily calories as fat.

1355
00:59:07,340 --> 00:59:09,628
Nutrition is actually pretty simple.

1356
00:59:09,629 --> 00:59:13,069
Your body needs protein
and protein comes first.

1357
00:59:13,070 --> 00:59:14,149
That's essential.

1358
00:59:14,150 --> 00:59:15,369
But then you can choose to run

1359
00:59:15,370 --> 00:59:17,939
your body on carbohydrates
including sugars

1360
00:59:17,940 --> 00:59:20,083
and starches or fats and it's your choice.

1361
00:59:20,084 --> 00:59:23,739
If you quit eating carbs,
sugars and starches,

1362
00:59:23,740 --> 00:59:27,342
your body is forced to use an
alternative fuel source, fat.

1363
00:59:27,343 --> 00:59:31,059
Burning fat produces
substance called ketones

1364
00:59:31,060 --> 00:59:32,849
that provide all the energy you need

1365
00:59:32,850 --> 00:59:34,900
to fuel your body and your brain.

1366
00:59:34,901 --> 00:59:37,089
That's why the low carb high fat diet

1367
00:59:37,090 --> 00:59:39,415
has been given the name Keto.

1368
00:59:39,416 --> 00:59:41,669
For most of human history there's been

1369
00:59:41,670 --> 00:59:44,109
very little sugar or starches in the diet.

1370
00:59:44,110 --> 00:59:46,716
In fact if you put all of
human history into one year,

1371
00:59:46,717 --> 00:59:48,979
it's only in the last day that people

1372
00:59:48,980 --> 00:59:50,607
started eating grains
or bread and it's only

1373
00:59:50,608 --> 00:59:54,829
in the last hour that people
have been eating sugar.

1374
00:59:54,830 --> 00:59:58,023
In fact we know that
keeping people in ketosis,

1375
00:59:58,024 --> 01:00:00,426
keeping the carbs very low may actually

1376
01:00:00,427 --> 01:00:04,469
be the preferred way for people to be.

1377
01:00:04,470 --> 01:00:06,722
Eventually, I dropped
right down 44 pounds

1378
01:00:06,723 --> 01:00:08,278
and I went back to my weight

1379
01:00:08,279 --> 01:00:11,100
that I had when I was running in 1972.

1380
01:00:12,900 --> 01:00:14,729
And I'm glad to say, after seven years,

1381
01:00:14,730 --> 01:00:16,650
my blood glucose control is as good

1382
01:00:16,651 --> 01:00:20,589
as it could be expected for
someone of my age of 69.

1383
01:00:20,590 --> 01:00:25,590
I'm not completely normal,
but I'm 99% normal.

1384
01:00:25,620 --> 01:00:26,879
Tim famously tore out

1385
01:00:26,880 --> 01:00:30,109
the pages on carb loading from
his "Lore of Running" book

1386
01:00:30,110 --> 01:00:32,403
that promotes ketogenic
diets for athletes.

1387
01:00:33,710 --> 01:00:36,089
Two, three weeks after
I started on this keto diet,

1388
01:00:36,090 --> 01:00:37,359
I was jumping out of bed and going

1389
01:00:37,360 --> 01:00:39,031
for a run in the morning and enjoying it.

1390
01:00:39,032 --> 01:00:43,683
It's just been the most amazing
transformation in my life.

1391
01:00:44,840 --> 01:00:47,646
Doug started
a company called LowCarb USA

1392
01:00:47,647 --> 01:00:50,789
dedicated to education
and nutrition support.

1393
01:00:50,790 --> 01:00:51,839
His logo?

1394
01:00:51,840 --> 01:00:55,164
Our nation's food pyramid
turned upside down.

1395
01:00:55,165 --> 01:00:56,855
Well, yeah, I mean the whole idea

1396
01:00:56,856 --> 01:00:59,507
was that the reason we're in

1397
01:00:59,508 --> 01:01:02,505
this terrible metabolic dilemma

1398
01:01:02,506 --> 01:01:04,855
in this country is because
of the food pyramid.

1399
01:01:04,856 --> 01:01:09,331
What we are advocating is
pretty much 180 degrees opposite

1400
01:01:09,332 --> 01:01:11,993
to what the food pyramid tries to teach.

1401
01:01:13,390 --> 01:01:15,402
We now understand that our bodies,

1402
01:01:15,403 --> 01:01:18,099
even the bodies of elite athletes

1403
01:01:18,100 --> 01:01:20,669
don't eat carbohydrates to survive.

1404
01:01:20,670 --> 01:01:23,659
We can convert fat into ketones for fuel,

1405
01:01:23,660 --> 01:01:25,199
but early nutritional scientists

1406
01:01:25,200 --> 01:01:27,773
did not understand nutritional ketosis.

1407
01:01:27,774 --> 01:01:29,922
Scientists simply thought that since fat

1408
01:01:29,923 --> 01:01:32,369
has nine calories per gram while protein

1409
01:01:32,370 --> 01:01:34,315
and carbs have only
four calories per gram,

1410
01:01:34,316 --> 01:01:37,599
we should just cut back on fat to lower

1411
01:01:37,600 --> 01:01:39,969
our calories consumption and lose weight.

1412
01:01:39,970 --> 01:01:43,695
I met with people who helped
with the initial guidelines

1413
01:01:43,696 --> 01:01:45,714
and they were well-intentioned.

1414
01:01:45,715 --> 01:01:50,715
They reasoned that because
calories lead to obesity,

1415
01:01:51,070 --> 01:01:55,220
reduce the food that has the
most calories which is fat.

1416
01:01:55,221 --> 01:01:57,977
We've been counting calories ever since

1417
01:01:57,978 --> 01:02:01,054
in every way imaginable on food labels,

1418
01:02:01,055 --> 01:02:06,055
in menus, online and in apps
and lately even on our bodies.

1419
01:02:07,150 --> 01:02:09,604
For years we've been told
it's a simple equation.

1420
01:02:09,605 --> 01:02:12,040
If we could just balance
the number of calories

1421
01:02:12,932 --> 01:02:15,029
we consume against the
number of calories we burn,

1422
01:02:15,030 --> 01:02:17,219
the calories in versus calories out,

1423
01:02:17,220 --> 01:02:19,289
our weight will stay in balance.

1424
01:02:19,290 --> 01:02:20,836
Everything on the level, right?

1425
01:02:20,837 --> 01:02:23,594
Actually, not so right.

1426
01:02:23,595 --> 01:02:25,949
The calories in, calories out model

1427
01:02:25,950 --> 01:02:30,059
is fundamentally flawed because the body

1428
01:02:30,060 --> 01:02:34,999
doesn't account for the fat that way.

1429
01:02:35,000 --> 01:02:36,685
That's not how we gain fat.

1430
01:02:36,686 --> 01:02:38,432
It's not a physics problem.

1431
01:02:38,433 --> 01:02:40,019
It's a biology problem.

1432
01:02:40,020 --> 01:02:42,229
It's a physiology problem.

1433
01:02:42,230 --> 01:02:44,199
The alternative theory is called

1434
01:02:44,200 --> 01:02:47,236
the carbohydrate insulin
hypothesis of weight gain.

1435
01:02:47,237 --> 01:02:48,689
Remember how carbohydrates

1436
01:02:48,690 --> 01:02:50,898
raise blood sugar but fat doesn't?

1437
01:02:50,899 --> 01:02:54,439
That's the key to the insulin
carbohydrate hypothesis.

1438
01:02:54,440 --> 01:02:55,566
It's really not that hard to understand.

1439
01:02:55,567 --> 01:02:59,559
So if you take 100 calories of brownies

1440
01:02:59,560 --> 01:03:01,973
and 100 calories of salmon,

1441
01:03:01,974 --> 01:03:06,974
and you eat the two, all
the insulin hypothesis says

1442
01:03:07,311 --> 01:03:11,709
is that one food is going
to raise insulin a lot,

1443
01:03:11,710 --> 01:03:12,859
the other food is not.

1444
01:03:12,860 --> 01:03:14,359
So we know that as soon as you put

1445
01:03:14,360 --> 01:03:16,557
those foods in your mouth,

1446
01:03:16,558 --> 01:03:18,830
the hormonal effect of those foods

1447
01:03:18,831 --> 01:03:22,779
is completely and utterly different.

1448
01:03:22,780 --> 01:03:24,989
So we really need to pay attention

1449
01:03:24,990 --> 01:03:28,529
to hormones at least as much
if not more than calories.

1450
01:03:28,530 --> 01:03:30,569
So, what raises insulin?

1451
01:03:30,570 --> 01:03:32,935
Well, carbohydrates
number one with a bullet.

1452
01:03:32,936 --> 01:03:36,018
It's like in real estate,
location, location, location,

1453
01:03:36,019 --> 01:03:39,099
with insulin it's carbohydrate,
carbohydrate, carbohydrate.

1454
01:03:39,100 --> 01:03:41,349
Protein is a distant second,

1455
01:03:41,350 --> 01:03:42,929
so protein can raise insulin as well.

1456
01:03:42,930 --> 01:03:45,249
You know what doesn't raise it at all?

1457
01:03:45,250 --> 01:03:46,083
Fat.

1458
01:03:46,083 --> 01:03:46,916
Zero.

1459
01:03:46,916 --> 01:03:47,749
Not a drop.

1460
01:03:47,749 --> 01:03:48,582
Doesn't move the needle.

1461
01:03:48,583 --> 01:03:51,055
So, what is the irony of us telling people

1462
01:03:51,056 --> 01:03:55,199
to eat a diet that is absent
of the one macro nutrient

1463
01:03:55,200 --> 01:03:58,329
that has no effect on
the fat storage hormone?

1464
01:03:58,330 --> 01:04:00,953
It's total sheer madness.

1465
01:04:00,954 --> 01:04:04,478
Insulin essentially acts as a lock

1466
01:04:04,479 --> 01:04:08,075
that gets clamped down
on all of our fat stores

1467
01:04:08,076 --> 01:04:13,076
and prevents us from using
our stored fat as energy.

1468
01:04:14,310 --> 01:04:16,929
But, when we restrict carbohydrates

1469
01:04:16,930 --> 01:04:19,849
and we can therefore bring
the insulin levels down,

1470
01:04:19,850 --> 01:04:23,277
the locks come off and all
of sudden we have access

1471
01:04:23,278 --> 01:04:27,834
to all of our fat stores for energy.

1472
01:04:27,835 --> 01:04:28,750
That's right.

1473
01:04:28,751 --> 01:04:31,371
Insulin is a fat storage hormone.

1474
01:04:31,372 --> 01:04:33,902
Lower insulin by cutting
out sugar and carbs

1475
01:04:33,903 --> 01:04:36,729
and the weight comes off or never

1476
01:04:36,730 --> 01:04:38,489
comes on in the first place.

1477
01:04:38,490 --> 01:04:39,910
We tell patients to think of their body

1478
01:04:39,911 --> 01:04:42,409
as a bowl of sugar, right?

1479
01:04:42,410 --> 01:04:44,749
So over time, that bowl fills up.

1480
01:04:44,750 --> 01:04:47,339
If you're eating a lot of processed foods

1481
01:04:47,340 --> 01:04:50,619
and sugar and so on, that bowl fills up,

1482
01:04:50,620 --> 01:04:53,229
and eventually that sugar,
as you add more sugar in,

1483
01:04:53,230 --> 01:04:56,069
spills out, and that's
what Type 2 diabetes is.

1484
01:04:56,070 --> 01:04:58,039
Your cells can't hold anymore sugar,

1485
01:04:58,040 --> 01:04:59,697
it simply spills out into the blood.

1486
01:04:59,698 --> 01:05:02,063
The wrong thing to do
is to take the insulin

1487
01:05:02,064 --> 01:05:05,819
and keep cramming that
sugar back into the body,

1488
01:05:05,820 --> 01:05:09,639
the body takes it, takes
it, takes it until it rots.

1489
01:05:09,640 --> 01:05:10,473
Right?

1490
01:05:10,474 --> 01:05:13,256
It would be much smarter to simply say,

1491
01:05:13,257 --> 01:05:15,486
"Hey, I have too much sugar.

1492
01:05:15,487 --> 01:05:18,766
"Let me just burn it all
off by intermittent fasting,

1493
01:05:18,767 --> 01:05:20,499
"or not putting anymore sugar in."

1494
01:05:20,500 --> 01:05:22,899
A low-carbohydrate diet, and guess what?

1495
01:05:22,900 --> 01:05:27,029
It works exactly as you
would expect it to work.

1496
01:05:27,030 --> 01:05:30,609
I've been using the keto
diet for about 13 years

1497
01:05:30,610 --> 01:05:34,219
in a university clinical
practice and the results

1498
01:05:34,220 --> 01:05:37,794
in treating diabetes are quite remarkable.

1499
01:05:37,795 --> 01:05:42,795
I've had some people get off
insulin within just a few days

1500
01:05:43,280 --> 01:05:45,111
of changing from eating carbohydrates

1501
01:05:45,112 --> 01:05:47,799
to not eating carbohydrates.

1502
01:05:47,800 --> 01:05:49,919
I think my record that I can recall

1503
01:05:49,920 --> 01:05:52,616
is I took someone off 180 units

1504
01:05:52,617 --> 01:05:55,503
of insulin a day in just two days.

1505
01:05:58,810 --> 01:05:59,896
Come on in and take a seat.

1506
01:05:59,897 --> 01:06:01,059
Sure.

1507
01:06:01,060 --> 01:06:04,689
If Judi were to have walked
into my Office 10 years ago

1508
01:06:04,690 --> 01:06:07,388
when I started, I would have
thought, I can help you.

1509
01:06:07,389 --> 01:06:09,150
You just need to eat less.

1510
01:06:09,151 --> 01:06:11,409
You need to exercise more.

1511
01:06:11,410 --> 01:06:12,949
We need to start measuring your food.

1512
01:06:12,950 --> 01:06:15,349
You can do this, I believe in you.

1513
01:06:15,350 --> 01:06:16,250
And I thought that to be true.

1514
01:06:16,251 --> 01:06:17,439
Why don't you go ahead and get

1515
01:06:17,440 --> 01:06:19,191
your blood sugar meter out for me too.

1516
01:06:19,192 --> 01:06:20,314
Okay.

1517
01:06:20,315 --> 01:06:22,149
Take a look at that.

1518
01:06:22,150 --> 01:06:24,686
Over the course of the
following five years,

1519
01:06:24,687 --> 01:06:26,371
I realized it wasn't working

1520
01:06:26,372 --> 01:06:31,372
and either no one was following my advice

1521
01:06:32,580 --> 01:06:34,339
or I was giving terrible advice.

1522
01:06:34,340 --> 01:06:36,129
I've been writing down each day...

1523
01:06:36,130 --> 01:06:38,399
Thankfully Judi didn't come
into my office 10 years ago.

1524
01:06:38,400 --> 01:06:40,340
She came into my office this year.

1525
01:06:40,341 --> 01:06:43,549
And I was able to offer hope.

1526
01:06:43,550 --> 01:06:45,999
I was able to offer an opportunity.

1527
01:06:46,000 --> 01:06:47,713
I knew that she could be successful

1528
01:06:47,714 --> 01:06:50,369
and success wasn't just
measured on a scale,

1529
01:06:50,370 --> 01:06:53,399
it was measured with
blood sugar reduction,

1530
01:06:53,400 --> 01:06:56,649
insulin reduction,
anti-inflammatory markers,

1531
01:06:56,650 --> 01:07:00,149
blood pressure as well as insulin.

1532
01:07:00,150 --> 01:07:00,983
Yeah.

1533
01:07:00,983 --> 01:07:01,816
Looks like
you did an awesome job.

1534
01:07:01,817 --> 01:07:04,236
- Yeah.
- And you are down 12 pounds.

1535
01:07:04,237 --> 01:07:05,070
Wow.

1536
01:07:05,071 --> 01:07:06,599
Since our last visit, yeah.

1537
01:07:06,600 --> 01:07:09,079
I can report that
this is the second week

1538
01:07:09,080 --> 01:07:13,499
and I have normal blood
sugars now in the morning.

1539
01:07:13,500 --> 01:07:18,500
I'm still doing my injectables,
but it's gotten leveled.

1540
01:07:18,580 --> 01:07:22,029
It's leveled and I know
that I'm in ketosis.

1541
01:07:22,030 --> 01:07:24,459
And the weight is starting to drop off.

1542
01:07:24,460 --> 01:07:26,039
What was the dose you were taking

1543
01:07:26,040 --> 01:07:26,873
when you walked out of the door?

1544
01:07:26,874 --> 01:07:28,759
- It was 120 units.
- Okay.

1545
01:07:28,760 --> 01:07:30,897
And now I'm doing 100.

1546
01:07:30,898 --> 01:07:34,039
In just two
weeks on a ketogenic diet,

1547
01:07:34,040 --> 01:07:39,007
Judi has cut her blood sugar
in half and lost 12 pounds.

1548
01:07:39,008 --> 01:07:41,049
Changing her nutrition has done more

1549
01:07:41,050 --> 01:07:44,509
to improve her health than
any medication ever did.

1550
01:07:44,510 --> 01:07:46,149
The difference is more fat,

1551
01:07:46,150 --> 01:07:48,729
and that gives a lot more energy.

1552
01:07:48,730 --> 01:07:49,799
It's amazing.

1553
01:07:49,800 --> 01:07:51,259
I'm happy I come to work again,

1554
01:07:51,260 --> 01:07:53,819
and there was really a time
when I thought, I have to quit.

1555
01:07:53,820 --> 01:07:55,739
I can't do this, this is miserable.

1556
01:07:55,740 --> 01:07:56,670
It's hopeless.

1557
01:07:56,671 --> 01:07:58,603
Diabetes is a hopeless disease.

1558
01:07:58,604 --> 01:07:59,899
And I felt that way.

1559
01:07:59,900 --> 01:08:02,129
I really, truly felt that way and I knew

1560
01:08:02,130 --> 01:08:03,659
that there had to be another answer,

1561
01:08:03,660 --> 01:08:05,053
and I don't feel that way anymore.

1562
01:08:05,054 --> 01:08:08,239
In results from more than
50 controlled clinical trials

1563
01:08:08,240 --> 01:08:10,816
comparing high fat and low
fat diets for weight loss,

1564
01:08:10,817 --> 01:08:13,969
the high fat diets won every time.

1565
01:08:13,970 --> 01:08:16,383
The higher the fat the
higher the weight loss.

1566
01:08:16,384 --> 01:08:18,529
That's because eating fat speeds up

1567
01:08:18,530 --> 01:08:21,328
your metabolism and
helps you burn body fat,

1568
01:08:21,329 --> 01:08:24,863
carbs slow down your metabolism
and cause weight gain.

1569
01:08:28,130 --> 01:08:31,089
It's week two of our nutrition experiment.

1570
01:08:31,090 --> 01:08:34,089
This time it's the low fat diet.

1571
01:08:34,090 --> 01:08:37,130
So today's breakfast was oatmeal

1572
01:08:38,170 --> 01:08:42,267
with raisins and brown sugar.

1573
01:08:42,268 --> 01:08:46,119
We're following
a USDA MyPlate 2,000 calorie

1574
01:08:46,120 --> 01:08:49,773
a day meal plan downloaded
from the USDA website.

1575
01:08:49,774 --> 01:08:51,541
Do you have a leaner ham?

1576
01:08:51,542 --> 01:08:54,973
It calls for
low fat meats, non fat dairy,

1577
01:08:54,974 --> 01:08:58,309
including non fat sugar
sweetened chocolate milk

1578
01:08:58,310 --> 01:09:01,439
and plenty of carbohydrates,
things like lasagna,

1579
01:09:01,440 --> 01:09:03,414
bread and even pizza.

1580
01:09:03,415 --> 01:09:04,383
This looks like stuff you would take

1581
01:09:04,384 --> 01:09:07,817
to a college dorm, right?

1582
01:09:09,019 --> 01:09:10,779
This is what

1583
01:09:10,780 --> 01:09:13,299
our government says we should eat.

1584
01:09:13,300 --> 01:09:15,749
We have some shredded wheat here.

1585
01:09:15,750 --> 01:09:19,673
And then I'm adding a whole
half cup of sliced banana.

1586
01:09:20,753 --> 01:09:24,389
And half a cup of fat free milk.

1587
01:09:24,390 --> 01:09:26,133
Oh, then toast.

1588
01:09:27,465 --> 01:09:31,549
And one cup of chocolate milk, fat free.

1589
01:09:31,550 --> 01:09:34,287
This breakfast
alone contains 150 grams

1590
01:09:34,288 --> 01:09:38,149
of carbohydrates and 50 grams of sugar.

1591
01:09:38,150 --> 01:09:42,019
Two teaspoons of jelly.

1592
01:09:42,020 --> 01:09:44,439
Instead of eating bacon
and eggs in the morning,

1593
01:09:44,440 --> 01:09:48,139
which keeps you full until
well past lunch for example,

1594
01:09:48,140 --> 01:09:51,749
now you're eating a couple
of slices of bread and jam,

1595
01:09:51,750 --> 01:09:54,302
and of course by the
time you metabolize it,

1596
01:09:54,303 --> 01:09:57,459
the sugar goes way up and
then it goes way down,

1597
01:09:57,460 --> 01:10:00,119
at 10:30 you're looking
for a low-fat muffin.

1598
01:10:00,120 --> 01:10:03,263
Day one of the new diet has begun

1599
01:10:03,264 --> 01:10:06,023
and I have to admit, I'm not likin' it.

1600
01:10:08,100 --> 01:10:09,209
Hungry all day.

1601
01:10:09,210 --> 01:10:11,819
So instead of eating
sorta three meals a day,

1602
01:10:11,820 --> 01:10:16,060
which is a standard since in
the '60s, '50s, '60s, '70s,

1603
01:10:16,061 --> 01:10:18,469
now all of a sudden,
people are getting hungry,

1604
01:10:18,470 --> 01:10:21,916
like ravenous at 10:30 and they're saying,

1605
01:10:21,917 --> 01:10:23,859
"Oh, yeah, I need to eat six times a day."

1606
01:10:23,860 --> 01:10:26,569
Today I was hungry again
so I needed the snack,

1607
01:10:26,570 --> 01:10:28,986
and I also got really
tired after the meal.

1608
01:10:28,987 --> 01:10:30,815
So not only are you eating foods

1609
01:10:30,816 --> 01:10:33,169
that stimulate a lot of insulin,

1610
01:10:33,170 --> 01:10:34,529
you're doing it constantly,

1611
01:10:34,530 --> 01:10:37,086
six times a day versus three times a day,

1612
01:10:37,087 --> 01:10:38,909
and it's like, well, what's gonna happen?

1613
01:10:38,910 --> 01:10:42,609
Lunch was a ham sandwich with some mayo,

1614
01:10:42,610 --> 01:10:44,505
some grapes and the milk.

1615
01:10:44,506 --> 01:10:49,506
And I went off the chart, I went over 200.

1616
01:10:49,564 --> 01:10:51,629
And it just kept going up and up

1617
01:10:51,630 --> 01:10:55,159
and up and up and up and up and
up and then it hit over 200,

1618
01:10:55,160 --> 01:10:57,069
206, I think was it?

1619
01:10:57,070 --> 01:10:58,438
Then it started coming down.

1620
01:10:58,439 --> 01:11:00,908
That was crazy to me and it
was almost a little scary.

1621
01:11:00,909 --> 01:11:02,989
It's a recipe for diabetes.

1622
01:11:02,990 --> 01:11:05,038
How long is it gonna be before everybody

1623
01:11:05,039 --> 01:11:09,155
becomes diabetic because that's
the outcome of that advice?

1624
01:11:09,156 --> 01:11:12,739
I never even got that
close to that last week,

1625
01:11:12,740 --> 01:11:13,640
not even close.

1626
01:11:13,641 --> 01:11:15,704
So it's gonna be an interesting week

1627
01:11:15,705 --> 01:11:20,705
and gosh I hope I last
all week, I'm not kidding!

1628
01:11:23,060 --> 01:11:26,939
Hi this is Cynthia, fifth
day on the low-fat diet.

1629
01:11:26,940 --> 01:11:31,940
It is barely 12 but I'm hungry
so I'm digging in my lunch.

1630
01:11:32,430 --> 01:11:37,409
I'm hungry again so I will
dig into my daily snack.

1631
01:11:37,410 --> 01:11:39,559
Last week I was barely hungry at two

1632
01:11:39,560 --> 01:11:42,889
and now I'm very hungry so I will eat.

1633
01:11:42,890 --> 01:11:44,972
I was hungry the entire time.

1634
01:11:44,973 --> 01:11:48,469
I would eat, that would
feel good for about 30,

1635
01:11:48,470 --> 01:11:53,339
40 minutes and then I would
start just feelin' hungry.

1636
01:11:53,340 --> 01:11:54,518
I definitely liked last week...

1637
01:11:54,519 --> 01:11:55,728
When you compare the flat

1638
01:11:55,729 --> 01:11:58,197
and steady blood sugars
from the high fat week

1639
01:11:58,198 --> 01:12:01,359
to the roller coaster readings
from this low fat week,

1640
01:12:01,360 --> 01:12:02,193
it's hard to believe that

1641
01:12:02,194 --> 01:12:04,446
our government thinks this is good for us.

1642
01:12:04,447 --> 01:12:07,407
The USDA put together a guideline

1643
01:12:07,408 --> 01:12:09,833
that seems to me was really to market

1644
01:12:09,834 --> 01:12:12,057
the food that America makes.

1645
01:12:12,058 --> 01:12:13,899
It wasn't based on health.

1646
01:12:13,900 --> 01:12:16,659
The dietary guidelines
are not guidelines.

1647
01:12:16,660 --> 01:12:19,273
The dietary guidelines are guidance.

1648
01:12:20,130 --> 01:12:21,453
They're guidance for the food industry

1649
01:12:21,454 --> 01:12:23,735
to be able to sell food.

1650
01:12:23,736 --> 01:12:25,769
They have nothing to do with health.

1651
01:12:25,770 --> 01:12:28,077
And the fact that the USDA is

1652
01:12:28,078 --> 01:12:31,089
in charge of our health
is already a problem.

1653
01:12:31,090 --> 01:12:34,129
The USDA when it was
founded had two mandates.

1654
01:12:34,130 --> 01:12:35,160
Not one, two.

1655
01:12:35,161 --> 01:12:39,279
Mandate number one was
to provide information

1656
01:12:39,280 --> 01:12:42,080
to the American public
about healthy eating.

1657
01:12:42,081 --> 01:12:45,169
Mandate number two was to support,

1658
01:12:45,170 --> 01:12:49,419
encourage and grow the
American agricultural industry.

1659
01:12:49,420 --> 01:12:53,909
Those two mandates are
not always congruent

1660
01:12:53,910 --> 01:12:56,669
with one another because if
you were really being honest

1661
01:12:56,670 --> 01:12:58,102
with the American people you would say,

1662
01:12:58,103 --> 01:13:02,195
"Wheat, corn, sugar and
soy are not health foods."

1663
01:13:02,196 --> 01:13:05,969
And if you're congregant
with the other mandate

1664
01:13:05,970 --> 01:13:08,206
of the USDA which is to
support and encourage

1665
01:13:08,207 --> 01:13:09,853
and grow American agriculture

1666
01:13:09,854 --> 01:13:12,259
you ain't telling people to not eat four

1667
01:13:12,260 --> 01:13:15,079
of the five biggest crops
that are made in America.

1668
01:13:15,080 --> 01:13:15,940
Trouble.

1669
01:13:15,941 --> 01:13:17,879
That's the contradiction and that's

1670
01:13:17,880 --> 01:13:18,949
why I don't think you're gonna

1671
01:13:18,950 --> 01:13:23,153
see much change in
dietary recommendations.

1672
01:13:24,050 --> 01:13:25,492
So Nick, tell me about your experiences

1673
01:13:25,493 --> 01:13:27,209
these past two weeks.

1674
01:13:27,210 --> 01:13:28,879
So it's been really, really interesting.

1675
01:13:28,880 --> 01:13:29,713
Yeah, so it was interesting.

1676
01:13:29,714 --> 01:13:31,919
Well, it was really interesting.

1677
01:13:31,920 --> 01:13:35,462
The low carb, high fat,

1678
01:13:35,463 --> 01:13:37,757
I had a really good experience with.

1679
01:13:37,758 --> 01:13:42,429
I loved all the food,
and I found it very easy.

1680
01:13:42,430 --> 01:13:44,869
I liked the high fat a little better

1681
01:13:44,870 --> 01:13:46,449
because I felt more energetic.

1682
01:13:46,450 --> 01:13:50,239
The following week on the low fat,

1683
01:13:50,240 --> 01:13:52,599
high carb, I was bonkin'.

1684
01:13:52,600 --> 01:13:54,130
I'd just be tired and maybe hangry

1685
01:13:54,131 --> 01:13:56,109
is probably the best word.

1686
01:13:56,110 --> 01:13:57,909
Insulin is a big driver

1687
01:13:57,910 --> 01:14:00,669
of carbohydrate craving and hunger.

1688
01:14:00,670 --> 01:14:03,399
That hangry feeling that you mentioned

1689
01:14:03,400 --> 01:14:05,559
is often when someone's insulin levels

1690
01:14:05,560 --> 01:14:07,500
are high but their blood sugar is low.

1691
01:14:07,501 --> 01:14:09,999
It's that insulin roller coaster we talked

1692
01:14:10,000 --> 01:14:12,659
about when you eat carbs and
your insulin levels go up.

1693
01:14:12,660 --> 01:14:16,284
And I got foggy during
the high carb week.

1694
01:14:16,285 --> 01:14:18,109
A little groggy.

1695
01:14:18,110 --> 01:14:20,319
I was even just sayin' things backwards

1696
01:14:20,320 --> 01:14:23,233
and I noticed that I
wasn't, there wasn't the,

1697
01:14:23,234 --> 01:14:26,259
I wasn't clicking like I normally do.

1698
01:14:26,260 --> 01:14:27,093
I'd love to see

1699
01:14:27,093 --> 01:14:27,951
your graphs at some time, too.

1700
01:14:27,951 --> 01:14:28,784
Like kind of see - Oh, okay.

1701
01:14:28,785 --> 01:14:29,924
The whole progression of them.

1702
01:14:29,925 --> 01:14:30,758
Do you have them with you?

1703
01:14:30,758 --> 01:14:31,591
Yeah, sure.

1704
01:14:31,592 --> 01:14:33,219
Let me see here.

1705
01:14:33,220 --> 01:14:34,282
Just look at the difference

1706
01:14:34,283 --> 01:14:35,746
between the two diets.

1707
01:14:35,747 --> 01:14:38,615
Everyone of our participants
experienced similar reactions

1708
01:14:38,616 --> 01:14:41,142
to the low carb versus low fat diets.

1709
01:14:41,143 --> 01:14:42,149
Wow, what a difference

1710
01:14:42,150 --> 01:14:43,294
- between the two weeks.
- Yeah, it's huge.

1711
01:14:43,295 --> 01:14:44,128
Yeah.

1712
01:14:44,129 --> 01:14:46,839
From the first week I
was almost a flat line.

1713
01:14:46,840 --> 01:14:48,572
- Yeah.
- I was averaging 84.

1714
01:14:48,573 --> 01:14:49,530
Much more stable.

1715
01:14:49,531 --> 01:14:50,829
It was fascinating.

1716
01:14:50,830 --> 01:14:52,259
- Yeah, it's interesting.
- It was really interesting

1717
01:14:52,260 --> 01:14:53,093
being a part of this.

1718
01:14:53,094 --> 01:14:54,359
I'm really excited about

1719
01:14:54,360 --> 01:14:56,099
- this changing my life.
- Yeah.

1720
01:14:56,100 --> 01:14:57,443
It's cool to see.

1721
01:14:58,690 --> 01:15:01,822
For many people, fat is a super food.

1722
01:15:01,823 --> 01:15:04,443
Not only does it help you
feel full and lose weight,

1723
01:15:04,444 --> 01:15:07,099
your body uses it as the building blocks

1724
01:15:07,100 --> 01:15:09,116
for cellular membranes and fat makes

1725
01:15:09,117 --> 01:15:11,044
up the myelin sheath that forms around

1726
01:15:11,045 --> 01:15:13,629
your nerves and allows electrical impulses

1727
01:15:13,630 --> 01:15:15,632
to transmit quickly and efficiently.

1728
01:15:15,633 --> 01:15:18,359
Fat makes up more than
half our brain tissue.

1729
01:15:18,360 --> 01:15:21,249
Human breast milk is more than half fat,

1730
01:15:21,250 --> 01:15:23,375
much of which is saturated fat.

1731
01:15:23,376 --> 01:15:27,459
We need healthy fats to be healthy humans.

1732
01:15:27,460 --> 01:15:29,529
Unfortunately what we've been told

1733
01:15:29,530 --> 01:15:31,269
about which fats are good for us

1734
01:15:31,270 --> 01:15:34,849
and which fats are bad is dead wrong.

1735
01:15:34,850 --> 01:15:35,949
Everybody just thinks,

1736
01:15:35,950 --> 01:15:37,825
oh, don't eat fat, don't eat fat,

1737
01:15:37,826 --> 01:15:40,159
and it's actually more tragic than that.

1738
01:15:40,160 --> 01:15:42,229
The story is actually much worse.

1739
01:15:42,230 --> 01:15:45,289
As people turned away from saturated fats,

1740
01:15:45,290 --> 01:15:48,461
like butter and animal fats,
we were told to eat margarine.

1741
01:15:55,740 --> 01:15:56,573
Imperial.

1742
01:15:56,574 --> 01:15:58,779
Only our taste deserves the crown.

1743
01:15:58,780 --> 01:16:01,315
It turns out, and this is
what's so tragic about it,

1744
01:16:01,316 --> 01:16:04,259
it was deadly advice.

1745
01:16:04,260 --> 01:16:07,039
Many doctors have recommended
corn oil margarine's

1746
01:16:07,040 --> 01:16:10,659
to help lower the saturated
fat in a reduced fat diet.

1747
01:16:10,660 --> 01:16:14,245
So if you remember
margarine is vegetable oils,

1748
01:16:14,246 --> 01:16:16,717
and then they partially hydrogenate them

1749
01:16:16,718 --> 01:16:19,612
to make them solid, so
they look like butter.

1750
01:16:19,613 --> 01:16:24,449
Partially hydrogenated fats
are actually trans-fats.

1751
01:16:24,450 --> 01:16:27,579
It's best to replace spreads
high in saturated fats.

1752
01:16:27,580 --> 01:16:29,947
So we went from eating natural foods

1753
01:16:29,948 --> 01:16:34,948
and butter to trans-fats
which we now know was super,

1754
01:16:36,123 --> 01:16:39,516
super, super deadly for heart attacks.

1755
01:16:39,517 --> 01:16:40,729
For the family you love,

1756
01:16:40,730 --> 01:16:43,769
serve delicious, new Mazola Margarine.

1757
01:16:43,770 --> 01:16:46,619
And love it's light
delicate flavor everyday.

1758
01:16:46,620 --> 01:16:50,116
That is mind-blowing that we told people

1759
01:16:50,117 --> 01:16:54,547
to stop eating butter and
eat this poison instead,

1760
01:16:54,548 --> 01:16:57,762
and it would be good for
you and we all did it.

1761
01:16:57,763 --> 01:17:00,297
This is Mazola 100% corn oil margarine

1762
01:17:00,298 --> 01:17:03,069
made from 100% corn oil goodness.

1763
01:17:03,070 --> 01:17:04,609
Well there's really no doubt

1764
01:17:04,610 --> 01:17:06,619
that the American Heart
Association endorsement

1765
01:17:06,620 --> 01:17:09,803
of vegetable oils was a great
thing for that industry.

1766
01:17:11,160 --> 01:17:11,993
This is Ralph Edwards

1767
01:17:11,993 --> 01:17:12,866
of "Truth or Consequences"
and congratulations

1768
01:17:12,866 --> 01:17:13,810
on your fine entry statement

1769
01:17:13,811 --> 01:17:15,983
of why we should all support
the American Heart Association.

1770
01:17:15,984 --> 01:17:18,126
The American
Heart Association started

1771
01:17:18,127 --> 01:17:20,778
in the 1920s as a sleepy
little organization

1772
01:17:20,779 --> 01:17:23,003
that could barely keep its doors open,

1773
01:17:23,004 --> 01:17:25,374
but in 1948 Proctor and Gamble,

1774
01:17:25,375 --> 01:17:28,036
maker of Crisco or shortening staged

1775
01:17:28,037 --> 01:17:32,849
a nationwide fundraiser and
the AHA hit the jackpot.

1776
01:17:32,850 --> 01:17:33,710
Thanks to Jack Benny,

1777
01:17:33,710 --> 01:17:34,696
the American Heart Association has

1778
01:17:34,697 --> 01:17:36,599
a million and a half dollars there.

1779
01:17:36,600 --> 01:17:39,009
Alright, this is Ralph Edwards
saying goodnight, everybody!

1780
01:17:39,010 --> 01:17:44,010
Overnight millions of dollars
flowed into their coffers.

1781
01:17:44,080 --> 01:17:45,337
I mean literally from one week to the next

1782
01:17:45,338 --> 01:17:47,795
they started opening up
chapters all over the country,

1783
01:17:47,796 --> 01:17:50,138
all thanks to Proctor and Gamble.

1784
01:17:50,139 --> 01:17:52,319
New Crisco
Oil stays blended longer,

1785
01:17:52,320 --> 01:17:54,279
makes salads taste great.

1786
01:17:54,280 --> 01:17:56,616
New Crisco Oil blends
better than other oils.

1787
01:17:56,617 --> 01:17:57,689
The American Heart Association

1788
01:17:57,690 --> 01:18:00,295
has endorsed special oils ever since.

1789
01:18:00,296 --> 01:18:03,856
It's not nice to fool Mother Nature.

1790
01:18:05,730 --> 01:18:09,419
They then were able to
publish advertisements saying,

1791
01:18:09,420 --> 01:18:10,290
lowers cholesterol.

1792
01:18:10,291 --> 01:18:11,909
Take this ad to your doctor and get them

1793
01:18:11,910 --> 01:18:15,766
to prescribe to you vegetable
oils for your health.

1794
01:18:15,767 --> 01:18:17,860
Vegetable oils are a fascinating topic

1795
01:18:17,861 --> 01:18:21,283
because they've become
labeled as heart healthy

1796
01:18:21,284 --> 01:18:23,999
which drives me a little crazy

1797
01:18:24,000 --> 01:18:26,381
because the label was granted

1798
01:18:26,382 --> 01:18:29,899
to them simply by
lowering LDL cholesterol.

1799
01:18:29,900 --> 01:18:32,920
But, the broader question
is, what else are they doing?

1800
01:18:32,921 --> 01:18:35,669
These are not real food products.

1801
01:18:35,670 --> 01:18:37,759
These are products made in factories.

1802
01:18:37,760 --> 01:18:40,589
These are products that
require heat and chemicals

1803
01:18:40,590 --> 01:18:43,234
and high pressure to extract
what little oil there is.

1804
01:18:43,235 --> 01:18:45,779
The heat and chemicals used

1805
01:18:45,780 --> 01:18:47,178
in the manufacturing process oxidizes

1806
01:18:47,179 --> 01:18:49,899
these delicate seed oils.

1807
01:18:49,900 --> 01:18:52,629
When you eat oxidized
vegetable oils like soy,

1808
01:18:52,630 --> 01:18:55,031
canola, corn and seed flower or sunflower,

1809
01:18:55,032 --> 01:18:57,149
they create free radicals throughout

1810
01:18:57,150 --> 01:18:58,804
your body that are highly inflammatory

1811
01:18:58,805 --> 01:19:01,874
and known to cause heart
disease and cancer.

1812
01:19:01,875 --> 01:19:04,549
Why are we always trying
to eat more antioxidants?

1813
01:19:04,550 --> 01:19:06,750
To combat free radicals
like the ones found

1814
01:19:06,751 --> 01:19:09,159
in refined vegetable oils.

1815
01:19:09,160 --> 01:19:10,674
And then they're used by restaurants

1816
01:19:10,675 --> 01:19:13,849
in the most carcinogenic way possible.

1817
01:19:13,850 --> 01:19:15,778
They heat them, reheat
them, cool them off,

1818
01:19:15,779 --> 01:19:18,459
heat them again and use 'em for a week.

1819
01:19:18,460 --> 01:19:21,269
So, switching to vegetable oils,

1820
01:19:21,270 --> 01:19:22,969
the seed oils was probably

1821
01:19:22,970 --> 01:19:24,511
a terrible idea in the first place.

1822
01:19:24,512 --> 01:19:26,460
One researcher
from the University

1823
01:19:26,461 --> 01:19:29,489
of Minnesota went to a variety
of fast food restaurants

1824
01:19:29,490 --> 01:19:31,588
in her neighborhood and
purchased french fries

1825
01:19:31,589 --> 01:19:34,567
and then took them back
to her lab for testing.

1826
01:19:34,568 --> 01:19:36,130
She found numerous compounds

1827
01:19:36,131 --> 01:19:38,828
of toxic aldehydes in the fries.

1828
01:19:38,829 --> 01:19:41,388
Aldehydes are known to
cause gene mutation,

1829
01:19:41,389 --> 01:19:45,779
alter RNA and DNA and
trigger massive inflammation

1830
01:19:45,780 --> 01:19:46,700
in the body.

1831
01:19:46,701 --> 01:19:48,041
Vegetable oil is highly toxic

1832
01:19:48,042 --> 01:19:50,139
and anyone who advises people

1833
01:19:50,140 --> 01:19:54,309
to eat vegetable oils is
also giving misinformation.

1834
01:19:54,310 --> 01:19:55,245
I tell my clients to avoid

1835
01:19:55,246 --> 01:19:58,673
the industrial seed oils
as much as possible.

1836
01:19:59,660 --> 01:20:01,898
Vegetable oils
belong in the engines of cars,

1837
01:20:01,899 --> 01:20:03,963
not in your food.

1838
01:20:06,250 --> 01:20:08,188
Refined vegetable oils are one more reason

1839
01:20:08,189 --> 01:20:11,449
you should avoid fast
food and processed food.

1840
01:20:11,450 --> 01:20:13,309
If it comes in a bottle or a box

1841
01:20:13,310 --> 01:20:16,049
it probably contains vegetable oils.

1842
01:20:16,050 --> 01:20:19,060
From crackers to cookies,
mayonnaise to salad dressings,

1843
01:20:19,061 --> 01:20:22,789
baby food and even baby formula.

1844
01:20:22,790 --> 01:20:23,839
They're not natural.

1845
01:20:23,840 --> 01:20:25,476
They've been shown to be pro-inflammatory

1846
01:20:25,477 --> 01:20:29,049
and in some studies like the
Minnesota Coronary Experiment,

1847
01:20:29,050 --> 01:20:30,770
the Sydney Diet Heart Study,

1848
01:20:30,771 --> 01:20:33,239
they've shown that, yes, they lower LDL

1849
01:20:33,240 --> 01:20:34,699
but they actually do nothing

1850
01:20:34,700 --> 01:20:37,225
or they worsen all-cause mortality.

1851
01:20:48,694 --> 01:20:51,811
The Minnesota Coronary
Survey which took place

1852
01:20:51,812 --> 01:20:54,177
in the 1960s was the biggest

1853
01:20:54,178 --> 01:20:57,789
ever test of Ancel Keys' hypothesis.

1854
01:20:57,090 --> 01:20:58,224
The Minnesota Coronary Experiment

1855
01:20:58,225 --> 01:21:01,883
is a fascinating study both
from a science standpoint

1856
01:21:01,884 --> 01:21:03,901
and sort of a detective standpoint.

1857
01:21:03,902 --> 01:21:07,917
So it took place in five
Minnesota mental hospitals

1858
01:21:07,918 --> 01:21:09,569
which is a kind of experiment

1859
01:21:09,570 --> 01:21:11,809
you can't do anymore because
it's considered unethical.

1860
01:21:11,810 --> 01:21:15,917
But back then it has the benefit
of being highly controlled,

1861
01:21:15,918 --> 01:21:18,569
which means that you're
feeding people all their food,

1862
01:21:18,570 --> 01:21:20,219
so you know what they're eating,

1863
01:21:20,220 --> 01:21:22,300
and they can't get outside
food so they can't cheat.

1864
01:21:22,301 --> 01:21:24,522
In the diet, they replaced saturated fat

1865
01:21:24,523 --> 01:21:27,949
with polyunsaturated
fat, in the intervention.

1866
01:21:27,950 --> 01:21:29,118
And the diet was similar in all

1867
01:21:29,119 --> 01:21:32,374
the other nutrients that
they deemed to be important.

1868
01:21:32,375 --> 01:21:34,817
And what they found was
that with the intervention,

1869
01:21:34,818 --> 01:21:36,355
cholesterol levels went down,

1870
01:21:36,356 --> 01:21:38,165
which is what you would expect,

1871
01:21:38,166 --> 01:21:41,429
but mortality actually trended up.

1872
01:21:41,430 --> 01:21:43,409
It turned out that people who were

1873
01:21:43,410 --> 01:21:45,698
on the cholesterol lowering
diet had more heart disease

1874
01:21:45,699 --> 01:21:48,911
and more deaths than the people
eating the controlled diet,

1875
01:21:48,912 --> 01:21:51,189
which was the exact opposite
of what they wanted.

1876
01:21:51,190 --> 01:21:54,146
So it did not support
the diet-heart hypothesis.

1877
01:21:54,147 --> 01:21:56,307
But they never published the results.

1878
01:21:56,308 --> 01:21:59,289
If you do a very long study going into

1879
01:21:59,290 --> 01:22:02,769
that study thinking that you
know what the end in mind

1880
01:22:02,770 --> 01:22:05,999
is going to be and then
it isn't the end in mind,

1881
01:22:06,000 --> 01:22:08,299
I can understand that you don't
wanna publish the results,

1882
01:22:08,300 --> 01:22:10,059
but it is scientific fraud.

1883
01:22:10,060 --> 01:22:12,176
Yeah, that is totally unacceptable

1884
01:22:12,177 --> 01:22:14,399
to not publish your data like that.

1885
01:22:14,400 --> 01:22:16,188
It wasn't published until decades later

1886
01:22:16,189 --> 01:22:21,189
that a relative of the author
went digging for the results

1887
01:22:22,620 --> 01:22:25,359
and this is the detective
part that's kind of crazy,

1888
01:22:25,360 --> 01:22:27,013
that he had to go looking
through the basements

1889
01:22:27,014 --> 01:22:29,710
to find these data and re-crunch the data

1890
01:22:29,711 --> 01:22:33,416
and reanalyze it and then bring
it out to publish it to say,

1891
01:22:33,417 --> 01:22:37,560
"Hey, look, this diet higher
in omega-6 oils, lowered LDL,

1892
01:22:37,561 --> 01:22:39,916
"but it increased cardiovascular risk

1893
01:22:39,917 --> 01:22:41,487
"and it increased mortality."

1894
01:22:41,488 --> 01:22:43,150
When you are making recommendations

1895
01:22:43,151 --> 01:22:46,429
that are not evidence-based,

1896
01:22:46,430 --> 01:22:49,062
and evidence comes out that's contrary

1897
01:22:49,063 --> 01:22:51,874
to those recommendations, wait a minute,

1898
01:22:51,875 --> 01:22:54,028
that's a problem, right?

1899
01:22:54,029 --> 01:22:57,889
And so what has been the standard approach

1900
01:22:57,890 --> 01:22:59,559
to dealing with that situation,

1901
01:22:59,560 --> 01:23:02,536
which has come up a number of times?

1902
01:23:02,537 --> 01:23:04,887
Bury the new evidence.

1903
01:23:04,888 --> 01:23:07,039
And that's exactly what's happened,

1904
01:23:07,040 --> 01:23:08,809
and the Minnesota Coronary study

1905
01:23:08,810 --> 01:23:10,644
is a perfect example of this.

1906
01:23:10,645 --> 01:23:12,706
The Heart Foundation
didn't come out and say,

1907
01:23:12,707 --> 01:23:13,730
"Sorry, we're wrong."

1908
01:23:13,731 --> 01:23:15,536
They just ignored it
as if it didn't happen

1909
01:23:15,537 --> 01:23:17,808
and they continued to
promote vegetable oils

1910
01:23:17,809 --> 01:23:20,049
and poly-unsaturated fats.

1911
01:23:20,050 --> 01:23:21,004
If that had been published,

1912
01:23:21,005 --> 01:23:24,372
almost certainly what we eat
today would be different.

1913
01:23:24,373 --> 01:23:25,854
This is a reason for everyone

1914
01:23:25,855 --> 01:23:29,103
to be outraged beyond concern.

1915
01:23:30,509 --> 01:23:32,017
Controlled clinical trials like

1916
01:23:32,018 --> 01:23:34,366
the Minnesota Coronary
Survey are considered

1917
01:23:34,367 --> 01:23:36,249
the gold standard of research.

1918
01:23:36,250 --> 01:23:38,388
The type of experiment
where you can control

1919
01:23:38,389 --> 01:23:41,819
every bite of food and
change just one thing,

1920
01:23:41,820 --> 01:23:43,243
like swapping butter for margarine

1921
01:23:43,244 --> 01:23:46,976
to find out if it has
an effect on our health.

1922
01:23:46,977 --> 01:23:49,524
But trials like these are expensive,

1923
01:23:49,525 --> 01:23:52,481
and some even considered unethical.

1924
01:23:52,482 --> 01:23:56,229
Cheaper observational
trials are far more common.

1925
01:23:56,230 --> 01:23:57,063
How many times have

1926
01:23:57,064 --> 01:23:58,520
you had oatmeal in the last year?

1927
01:24:00,020 --> 01:24:01,859
I have no clue.

1928
01:24:01,860 --> 01:24:03,173
Oh my gosh.

1929
01:24:06,591 --> 01:24:09,030
Observational
trials often rely

1930
01:24:09,031 --> 01:24:10,835
on food frequency questionnaires

1931
01:24:10,836 --> 01:24:13,989
that rely on people's memories.

1932
01:24:13,990 --> 01:24:17,339
And people's memories aren't that great.

1933
01:24:17,340 --> 01:24:18,173
How many times have

1934
01:24:18,174 --> 01:24:19,694
you had orange juice in the last year?

1935
01:24:21,240 --> 01:24:22,609
I wouldn't know a number.

1936
01:24:22,610 --> 01:24:23,613
Last year?

1937
01:24:26,590 --> 01:24:27,770
I'm gonna say...

1938
01:24:28,773 --> 01:24:33,773
If I was to put a number
on it, upwards of 20?

1939
01:24:35,120 --> 01:24:36,659
In the last year, 20 times?

1940
01:24:36,660 --> 01:24:38,119
- Oh yeah, yes.
- Okay.

1941
01:24:38,120 --> 01:24:41,039
So you think you've had it
only about two times a month?

1942
01:24:41,040 --> 01:24:42,999
Oh, oh darn, yeah, you're right.

1943
01:24:43,000 --> 01:24:44,711
I have no idea how many ounces...

1944
01:24:44,712 --> 01:24:47,189
Well, if I had to break
it up into ounces...

1945
01:24:47,190 --> 01:24:48,553
Probably about the same as you.

1946
01:24:48,554 --> 01:24:51,139
I don't know how many ounces.

1947
01:24:51,140 --> 01:24:52,299
See what I mean?

1948
01:24:52,300 --> 01:24:54,536
Observational trials
generate unreliable data

1949
01:24:54,537 --> 01:24:56,249
and are the reason

1950
01:24:56,250 --> 01:25:00,454
why nutritional recommendations
constantly flip and flop.

1951
01:25:00,455 --> 01:25:02,839
Setting nutritional food policy based

1952
01:25:02,840 --> 01:25:05,349
on unreliable data is largely what got

1953
01:25:05,350 --> 01:25:08,639
us into this big fat mess.

1954
01:25:08,640 --> 01:25:09,473
How hard do you think

1955
01:25:09,474 --> 01:25:11,683
it is to remember what you ate?

1956
01:25:12,620 --> 01:25:16,686
Impossible, unless you
have some ridiculous ability

1957
01:25:16,687 --> 01:25:20,009
to remember everything which nobody does.

1958
01:25:20,010 --> 01:25:21,993
Nobody remembers things accurately.

1959
01:25:27,040 --> 01:25:28,361
No one person may represent

1960
01:25:28,362 --> 01:25:33,313
the antithesis of the low fat
diet better than Dave Asprey.

1961
01:25:34,760 --> 01:25:36,390
His company, Bulletproof has made

1962
01:25:36,391 --> 01:25:41,391
a morning ritual out of adding
spoonfuls of fat to coffee.

1963
01:25:41,870 --> 01:25:43,079
You take anywhere from a teaspoon

1964
01:25:43,080 --> 01:25:46,579
to a tablespoon of grass-fed butter.

1965
01:25:46,580 --> 01:25:48,261
Add to
that a few more teaspoons

1966
01:25:48,262 --> 01:25:50,506
of purified coconut oil.

1967
01:25:50,507 --> 01:25:53,605
And then add your brewed black coffee,

1968
01:25:59,224 --> 01:26:00,224
and you blend it.

1969
01:26:07,120 --> 01:26:10,099
You can see, it looks an
awful lot like a latte.

1970
01:26:10,100 --> 01:26:12,669
You drink this you're just not
hungry for hours and hours,

1971
01:26:12,670 --> 01:26:13,729
and you're energized in a way

1972
01:26:13,730 --> 01:26:16,569
that you'll never get
from a piece of toast.

1973
01:26:16,570 --> 01:26:18,269
It was
through his own discovery

1974
01:26:18,270 --> 01:26:21,357
of a high fat, low carb
diet that Dave Asprey lost

1975
01:26:21,358 --> 01:26:26,358
more than 100 pounds and he's
kept it off for 10 years.

1976
01:26:26,440 --> 01:26:29,459
In 2004, after I lost
a bunch of the weight

1977
01:26:29,460 --> 01:26:31,839
I wanted to lose, I decided to go to Tibet

1978
01:26:31,840 --> 01:26:33,510
to learn meditation from the masters.

1979
01:26:33,511 --> 01:26:36,082
And I'm at 18,000 feet elevation

1980
01:26:36,083 --> 01:26:38,769
in a very remote part of Tibet.

1981
01:26:38,770 --> 01:26:41,649
10 degrees below zero,
30 mile an hour winds,

1982
01:26:41,650 --> 01:26:42,989
and I'm feeling kind of wrecked

1983
01:26:42,990 --> 01:26:44,609
'cause there's no air and it's cold.

1984
01:26:44,610 --> 01:26:46,889
And this little Tibetan
woman gave me a bowl

1985
01:26:46,890 --> 01:26:49,889
of yak butter tea, which is
yak butter, mixed with tea,

1986
01:26:49,890 --> 01:26:50,853
and a pinch of salt.

1987
01:26:50,854 --> 01:26:52,449
All right, fine, I'm hungry.

1988
01:26:52,450 --> 01:26:53,283
I drank it.

1989
01:26:53,284 --> 01:26:55,169
It didn't taste great,
it didn't taste bad.

1990
01:26:55,170 --> 01:26:58,616
But a minute later I'm
like, "I feel really good.

1991
01:26:58,617 --> 01:27:00,886
"In fact, I haven't
felt this good in days.

1992
01:27:00,887 --> 01:27:01,979
"What is happening?"

1993
01:27:01,980 --> 01:27:03,736
And I wrote a little note in
my journal, how could this be?

1994
01:27:03,737 --> 01:27:05,539
And that day, I had another 20 cups of it,

1995
01:27:05,540 --> 01:27:07,468
and I just felt like I got my life back.

1996
01:27:07,469 --> 01:27:08,766
Dave came back to the States

1997
01:27:08,767 --> 01:27:13,289
and adapted his yak butter
tea experience to coffee.

1998
01:27:13,290 --> 01:27:15,579
Bulletproof is now a multi
million dollar company

1999
01:27:15,580 --> 01:27:17,579
which Dave operates alongside his small,

2000
01:27:17,580 --> 01:27:21,799
organic farm where he grows
grass-fed sheep and pigs.

2001
01:27:21,800 --> 01:27:23,513
Hey guys, hey Riley.

2002
01:27:24,600 --> 01:27:25,706
Dave believes the quality

2003
01:27:25,707 --> 01:27:28,549
of the fats we consume is critical.

2004
01:27:28,550 --> 01:27:29,899
If you're not sure whether fats

2005
01:27:29,900 --> 01:27:31,339
are good or bad, it's okay.

2006
01:27:31,340 --> 01:27:33,059
Some fats are bad, and some fats are good.

2007
01:27:33,060 --> 01:27:34,300
No wonder it's confusing.

2008
01:27:34,301 --> 01:27:37,777
Short version, grass-fed
butter, egg yolks,

2009
01:27:37,778 --> 01:27:42,709
coconut oil, avocados, olive oil.

2010
01:27:42,710 --> 01:27:44,339
Those are the good fats.

2011
01:27:44,340 --> 01:27:45,403
While
there is much debate over

2012
01:27:45,404 --> 01:27:48,489
the role played by animal
agriculture in climate change,

2013
01:27:48,490 --> 01:27:51,131
raising grass-fed animals
on organic pastures

2014
01:27:51,132 --> 01:27:54,339
like Dave's actually helps capture carbon

2015
01:27:54,340 --> 01:27:57,873
and can be a sustainable piece
of the climate's solution.

2016
01:27:57,874 --> 01:28:00,399
And the meat you eat
must be higher quality.

2017
01:28:00,400 --> 01:28:02,319
And guess what high quality animals make?

2018
01:28:02,320 --> 01:28:03,579
High quality poop.

2019
01:28:03,580 --> 01:28:04,769
Guess what high quality poop makes?

2020
01:28:04,770 --> 01:28:05,806
High quality vegetables.

2021
01:28:05,807 --> 01:28:08,049
The vegetables you're
eating that don't come

2022
01:28:08,050 --> 01:28:10,985
from farms like this are
vegetables devoid of nutrients

2023
01:28:10,986 --> 01:28:14,101
and if we allow that to continue,
there will be no topsoil.

2024
01:28:14,102 --> 01:28:17,019
This is how you make topsoil.

2025
01:28:17,020 --> 01:28:18,569
And the Tibetans figured
out a long time ago,

2026
01:28:18,570 --> 01:28:20,559
saturated fat helps your brain.

2027
01:28:20,560 --> 01:28:21,889
They were using it for meditation,

2028
01:28:21,890 --> 01:28:24,169
they were using it to
help their metabolism work

2029
01:28:24,170 --> 01:28:26,500
in very harsh conditions
that are high stress.

2030
01:28:26,501 --> 01:28:28,899
So it's time to throw away the seed oils.

2031
01:28:28,900 --> 01:28:30,755
They are not fit for human consumption.

2032
01:28:30,756 --> 01:28:34,219
If you're eating bad fats,
it's going to kill you.

2033
01:28:34,220 --> 01:28:35,677
And this is where The
American Heart Association,

2034
01:28:35,678 --> 01:28:38,739
and the American Diabetes
Association just got it wrong.

2035
01:28:38,740 --> 01:28:40,140
They told you to eat bad fats because

2036
01:28:40,141 --> 01:28:44,139
of industrial interests and
it's time that we change that.

2037
01:28:44,140 --> 01:28:46,163
The science is very, very clear.

2038
01:28:47,050 --> 01:28:47,883
Yeah, it's...

2039
01:28:47,884 --> 01:28:49,727
So how much weight have you lost total?

2040
01:28:49,728 --> 01:28:51,149
I, 30 pounds.

2041
01:28:51,150 --> 01:28:51,983
- That's great.
- Yeah.

2042
01:28:51,984 --> 01:28:55,329
And my goal was 50, so I
think it's very doable.

2043
01:28:55,330 --> 01:28:57,649
And you're
down another five pounds.

2044
01:28:57,650 --> 01:28:58,483
I am?

2045
01:28:58,483 --> 01:28:59,316
Yeah.

2046
01:28:59,316 --> 01:29:00,310
- Yay!
- Yeah.

2047
01:29:00,311 --> 01:29:01,924
In two
months Judi has lost weight

2048
01:29:01,925 --> 01:29:05,729
and cut her insulin medications by 60%.

2049
01:29:05,730 --> 01:29:08,102
I think you have to look inside yourself

2050
01:29:08,103 --> 01:29:12,589
and just determine that nobody

2051
01:29:12,590 --> 01:29:14,992
is gonna take care of
you the way that you can.

2052
01:29:14,993 --> 01:29:17,934
I don't feel like anyone could

2053
01:29:17,935 --> 01:29:20,574
go wrong with making an attempt at this

2054
01:29:20,575 --> 01:29:22,952
but you can't attempt it for a week.

2055
01:29:22,953 --> 01:29:26,189
You have to set your mind and set yourself

2056
01:29:26,190 --> 01:29:29,991
to it for a period of time.

2057
01:29:29,992 --> 01:29:32,097
Judi is inspired by thousands

2058
01:29:32,098 --> 01:29:35,050
of other patients who
reversed their Type 2 diabetes

2059
01:29:35,051 --> 01:29:38,107
getting off all medications
with a high fat,

2060
01:29:38,108 --> 01:29:40,169
low carb nutrition plan.

2061
01:29:40,170 --> 01:29:44,183
We reversed my Type 2
Diabetes, after one month.

2062
01:29:44,184 --> 01:29:45,609
I couldn't be prouder.

2063
01:29:45,610 --> 01:29:47,234
No more insulin injections for me,

2064
01:29:47,235 --> 01:29:49,959
and no more metformin, and even statins.

2065
01:29:49,960 --> 01:29:51,795
I completely reversed

2066
01:29:51,796 --> 01:29:55,201
my Type 2 Diabetes in just three months.

2067
01:29:55,202 --> 01:30:00,129
Before I changed my diet,
I weighed 212 pounds.

2068
01:30:00,130 --> 01:30:04,550
Now I weigh 165 pounds and
I take zero medications.

2069
01:30:04,551 --> 01:30:08,546
Before I started, I
weighed about 265 pounds,

2070
01:30:08,547 --> 01:30:10,999
I now weigh 130 pounds.

2071
01:30:11,000 --> 01:30:13,189
Now I can enjoy my family,

2072
01:30:13,190 --> 01:30:17,469
I can do everything that you
should do to live a life.

2073
01:30:17,470 --> 01:30:19,436
It's just been a total change.

2074
01:30:19,437 --> 01:30:24,437
I have seen so many individual
transformative patients,

2075
01:30:26,176 --> 01:30:30,346
what an honor that is to share
that journey with a patient.

2076
01:30:30,347 --> 01:30:35,287
I feel like if a
person just is determined

2077
01:30:35,288 --> 01:30:39,779
and sets their goals that there
isn't anything you can't do.

2078
01:30:39,780 --> 01:30:41,849
You just have to decide that feeling good

2079
01:30:41,850 --> 01:30:43,411
and being healthy is more important than

2080
01:30:43,412 --> 01:30:45,869
the things you used to like to eat.

2081
01:30:45,870 --> 01:30:47,449
It isn't very long before

2082
01:30:47,450 --> 01:30:50,101
your tastes change and you really like it.

2083
01:30:53,540 --> 01:30:55,629
When I first started exploring low-carb,

2084
01:30:55,630 --> 01:30:56,700
I tried to keep it very quiet

2085
01:30:56,701 --> 01:30:59,269
because it had been and maybe still is

2086
01:30:59,270 --> 01:31:02,099
a very controversial subject.

2087
01:31:02,100 --> 01:31:03,560
In other countries dietitians were losing

2088
01:31:03,561 --> 01:31:06,559
their licensure over practicing low-carb,

2089
01:31:06,560 --> 01:31:08,000
let alone medical doctors as well.

2090
01:31:08,001 --> 01:31:11,999
Professor Noakes, on a charge
of unprofessional conduct,

2091
01:31:12,000 --> 01:31:15,328
the majority of this
committee find you not guilty.

2092
01:31:18,180 --> 01:31:19,480
The controversy over low carb

2093
01:31:19,481 --> 01:31:22,294
may be slowly, quietly changing.

2094
01:31:22,295 --> 01:31:25,639
In the long drawn out
case of Dr. Tim Noakes,

2095
01:31:25,640 --> 01:31:28,369
the final ruling found in his favor.

2096
01:31:28,370 --> 01:31:29,669
So as far as we're concerned,

2097
01:31:29,670 --> 01:31:32,134
we made the point that this diet is safe.

2098
01:31:32,135 --> 01:31:34,458
That's all we really set out to do.

2099
01:31:34,459 --> 01:31:38,859
The low carb, ketogenic diet
is a low inflammation diet.

2100
01:31:38,860 --> 01:31:40,062
More and
more brave practitioners

2101
01:31:40,063 --> 01:31:42,399
are going against the dietary guidelines

2102
01:31:42,400 --> 01:31:44,672
to help their patients find better health.

2103
01:31:44,673 --> 01:31:48,019
Like Brian Lenzkes, who also
teaches low carb nutrition

2104
01:31:48,020 --> 01:31:49,601
classes at his church.

2105
01:31:49,602 --> 01:31:51,383
So far, Brian's congregation

2106
01:31:51,384 --> 01:31:54,386
has lost more than 2,000 pounds.

2107
01:31:54,387 --> 01:31:57,579
Our results are in purple here.

2108
01:31:57,580 --> 01:31:58,450
Low carb.

2109
01:31:58,451 --> 01:31:59,529
The two year findings

2110
01:31:59,530 --> 01:32:01,508
from Sarah Hallberg's clinical trial show

2111
01:32:01,509 --> 01:32:04,349
that a low carb, high fat diet is equally

2112
01:32:04,350 --> 01:32:05,767
as effective as bariatric surgery

2113
01:32:05,768 --> 01:32:08,809
in reversing Type 2 diabetes.

2114
01:32:08,810 --> 01:32:11,017
So your assessment of the vilification

2115
01:32:11,018 --> 01:32:14,392
of saturated fat after your
experience in this trial?

2116
01:32:14,393 --> 01:32:16,651
Well, I'll tell you, what we say is that

2117
01:32:16,652 --> 01:32:19,948
we do not restrict saturated
fat in these patients,

2118
01:32:19,949 --> 01:32:23,858
and yet they're having
these remarkable results.

2119
01:32:23,859 --> 01:32:25,979
In April of 2019,

2120
01:32:25,980 --> 01:32:27,486
the American Diabetes Association

2121
01:32:27,487 --> 01:32:30,368
issued an update to its
long standing position

2122
01:32:30,369 --> 01:32:35,369
that diets lower than 130 grams
of carbs a day are unsafe.

2123
01:32:35,960 --> 01:32:39,287
I was thrilled, it felt
like Christmas morning to me.

2124
01:32:39,288 --> 01:32:41,591
It was the very first time in writing

2125
01:32:41,592 --> 01:32:43,451
from a huge organization that said

2126
01:32:43,452 --> 01:32:45,068
what I was doing was okay.

2127
01:32:45,069 --> 01:32:47,352
What I was doing was an approach

2128
01:32:47,353 --> 01:32:50,160
that was helping my patients.

2129
01:32:50,161 --> 01:32:53,449
And while it was something
that I have known for years,

2130
01:32:53,450 --> 01:32:55,439
it was the first time I felt safe.

2131
01:32:55,440 --> 01:32:57,199
It was the first time I felt safe

2132
01:32:57,200 --> 01:32:59,619
to give these recommendations.

2133
01:32:59,620 --> 01:33:02,499
In 2015
after more than 50 years

2134
01:33:02,500 --> 01:33:05,425
of condemning foods like
eggs, lobster and shrimp,

2135
01:33:05,426 --> 01:33:08,413
the American Heart
Association quietly dropped

2136
01:33:08,414 --> 01:33:10,002
their long standing recommendation

2137
01:33:10,003 --> 01:33:12,257
against dietary cholesterol saying

2138
01:33:12,258 --> 01:33:16,032
it's no longer a nutrient of concern.

2139
01:33:16,033 --> 01:33:19,519
That same year, the U.S.
Dietary Guidelines Committee

2140
01:33:19,520 --> 01:33:22,563
removed the cap on
dietary fat consumption,

2141
01:33:22,564 --> 01:33:24,649
admitting there's no evidence

2142
01:33:24,650 --> 01:33:27,156
that eating fat is bad for health.

2143
01:33:27,157 --> 01:33:30,719
But the cap on saturated fat remains.

2144
01:33:30,720 --> 01:33:32,516
The hypothesis that saturated fats

2145
01:33:32,517 --> 01:33:35,623
are bad for health has been
the most tested hypothesis

2146
01:33:35,624 --> 01:33:38,239
in the history of nutrition science.

2147
01:33:38,240 --> 01:33:40,739
There has been no hypothesis
that has been more tested.

2148
01:33:40,740 --> 01:33:44,899
Some 75,000 people, 65,000
somewhere in that range,

2149
01:33:44,900 --> 01:33:46,087
depending on which studies you include,

2150
01:33:46,088 --> 01:33:49,289
and none of them could
show that saturated fats

2151
01:33:49,290 --> 01:33:53,023
had any effect on total or
cardiovascular mortality.

2152
01:33:54,441 --> 01:33:55,960
There's no evidence for it.

2153
01:33:55,961 --> 01:33:58,870
Even so the
American Heart Association

2154
01:33:58,871 --> 01:34:01,499
who takes much of its
funding from big food

2155
01:34:01,500 --> 01:34:03,685
and big pharma continues to stand behind

2156
01:34:03,686 --> 01:34:06,608
its long held position that saturated fats

2157
01:34:06,609 --> 01:34:08,176
are the cause of heart disease

2158
01:34:08,177 --> 01:34:11,999
and that refined vegetable
oils are heart healthy.

2159
01:34:12,000 --> 01:34:15,859
But there is so much
politics and so much money,

2160
01:34:15,860 --> 01:34:19,260
and big pharma and the sugar industry

2161
01:34:21,100 --> 01:34:24,209
behind trying to keep those guidelines

2162
01:34:24,210 --> 01:34:25,341
as they are right now.

2163
01:34:25,342 --> 01:34:29,392
I feel like eventually
they will change, but when?

2164
01:34:29,393 --> 01:34:31,309
It could be 50 years.

2165
01:34:31,310 --> 01:34:32,451
We can't wait 50 years.

2166
01:34:32,452 --> 01:34:37,452
Millions of people have died
already because of this mess.

2167
01:34:38,570 --> 01:34:40,639
Doug Reynolds
isn't waiting any longer.

2168
01:34:40,640 --> 01:34:43,189
His company, LowCarb USA is partnering

2169
01:34:43,190 --> 01:34:45,209
with dozens of physicians, nutritionists

2170
01:34:45,210 --> 01:34:47,179
and dieticians to create a set of global,

2171
01:34:47,180 --> 01:34:49,869
clinical guidelines that
teach medical professionals

2172
01:34:49,870 --> 01:34:53,470
how to safely and effectively
practice low carb nutrition.

2173
01:34:53,471 --> 01:34:55,119
Now It gives a lot of them confidence

2174
01:34:55,120 --> 01:34:58,989
to maybe start implementing
it in their practice,

2175
01:34:58,990 --> 01:35:02,038
where before, they weren't
quite sure how to do it

2176
01:35:02,039 --> 01:35:06,029
or they were afraid that other
doctors weren't doing it.

2177
01:35:06,030 --> 01:35:06,901
Now, they're actually following

2178
01:35:06,902 --> 01:35:09,519
some kind of set of guidelines.

2179
01:35:09,520 --> 01:35:10,353
And what about

2180
01:35:10,354 --> 01:35:12,448
the official dietary
guidelines for Americans?

2181
01:35:12,449 --> 01:35:14,531
The three main eating patterns recommended

2182
01:35:14,532 --> 01:35:17,704
by the USDA all feature more than 50%

2183
01:35:17,705 --> 01:35:20,863
of daily calories as carbohydrates.

2184
01:35:20,864 --> 01:35:22,623
According to the dietary guidelines,

2185
01:35:22,624 --> 01:35:27,215
low carbohydrate, high fat
diets are still not an option.

2186
01:35:27,216 --> 01:35:29,499
It smells so good.

2187
01:35:29,500 --> 01:35:32,588
In 2017, the National Academy
of Sciences and Medicine

2188
01:35:32,589 --> 01:35:35,341
perform the first ever
outside scientific review

2189
01:35:35,342 --> 01:35:37,334
of the U.S. dietary guidelines

2190
01:35:37,335 --> 01:35:40,321
and found that the process
lacked transparency

2191
01:35:40,322 --> 01:35:42,093
and scientific rigor.

2192
01:35:42,094 --> 01:35:44,961
Recommending a signal dietary pattern

2193
01:35:44,962 --> 01:35:48,526
to an entire population
was a huge mistake.

2194
01:35:48,527 --> 01:35:51,444
Not only did the low fat diet not work,

2195
01:35:51,445 --> 01:35:56,445
it did us harm and resulted in
greater obesity and disease.

2196
01:35:56,985 --> 01:35:59,568
The lesson of the low fat diet may be

2197
01:35:59,569 --> 01:36:02,862
that nutrition science is deeply flawed

2198
01:36:02,863 --> 01:36:05,319
and our nation's dietary guidelines

2199
01:36:05,320 --> 01:36:07,583
have been heavily influenced
by the food industry

2200
01:36:07,584 --> 01:36:10,809
and the enormous amount of money at stake.

2201
01:36:10,810 --> 01:36:12,259
What we are living now is just

2202
01:36:12,260 --> 01:36:13,722
so completely unsustainable.

2203
01:36:13,723 --> 01:36:15,852
These unsustainable rates of obesity

2204
01:36:15,853 --> 01:36:17,944
and diabetes were bankrupting our nation,

2205
01:36:17,945 --> 01:36:20,324
it's destroying people's lives,

2206
01:36:20,325 --> 01:36:25,059
it's destroying our
country, and it has to stop.

2207
01:36:25,060 --> 01:36:26,669
We are not treating the disease,

2208
01:36:26,670 --> 01:36:28,770
we're treating the
symptoms of the disease.

2209
01:36:28,771 --> 01:36:30,743
And so it should be of no surprise

2210
01:36:30,744 --> 01:36:32,901
to anyone that we're not getting better.

2211
01:36:32,902 --> 01:36:35,361
And we're not going to get better

2212
01:36:35,362 --> 01:36:38,721
until we recognize what
the real problem is.

2213
01:36:38,722 --> 01:36:42,699
If we changed the food, we
could solve this problem.

2214
01:36:42,700 --> 01:36:45,569
We get so many mixed
messages about diet and...

2215
01:36:45,570 --> 01:36:46,978
Does the government have a role

2216
01:36:46,979 --> 01:36:48,889
in telling people how to eat?

2217
01:36:48,890 --> 01:36:50,648
We kind of have to find
what really works for us

2218
01:36:50,649 --> 01:36:53,453
but we still need to know the truth.

2219
01:36:53,454 --> 01:36:54,919
It's a fascinating question

2220
01:36:54,920 --> 01:36:56,461
that has a lot of different opinions.

2221
01:36:56,462 --> 01:36:59,403
And certainly, the past 30, 40 years

2222
01:36:59,404 --> 01:37:01,538
of experience would say, no,

2223
01:37:01,539 --> 01:37:03,809
they probably shouldn't be in that role.

2224
01:37:03,810 --> 01:37:05,621
The people at the top
are not going to change,

2225
01:37:05,622 --> 01:37:08,502
so we have to get this going
as a bottom up revolution

2226
01:37:08,503 --> 01:37:11,792
and get more and more people
on board until they're shamed

2227
01:37:11,793 --> 01:37:13,599
into changing the guidelines

2228
01:37:13,600 --> 01:37:17,675
because the swell of the
population is just ignoring them.

2229
01:37:17,676 --> 01:37:20,216
The change is coming from the people,

2230
01:37:20,217 --> 01:37:22,081
because they've changed.

2231
01:37:22,082 --> 01:37:25,720
They're forcing the doctors
to change if we can change

2232
01:37:25,721 --> 01:37:28,968
the medical profession, I
think we'll do something.

2233
01:37:28,969 --> 01:37:31,951
If you're pre diabetic
or Type 2 diabetic,

2234
01:37:31,952 --> 01:37:35,233
there is a way out, a
path forward to health

2235
01:37:35,234 --> 01:37:38,835
and vitality to fewer
drugs and more energy.

2236
01:37:38,836 --> 01:37:40,589
You can get your life back

2237
01:37:40,590 --> 01:37:44,159
and all you have to do is eat real food.

2238
01:37:44,160 --> 01:37:45,656
If somebody has Type 2 diabetes,

2239
01:37:45,657 --> 01:37:48,062
they can go online right now,

2240
01:37:48,063 --> 01:37:50,149
they can watch your movie,

2241
01:37:50,150 --> 01:37:51,759
they can read up on something,

2242
01:37:51,760 --> 01:37:56,760
they can buy a book and start
reversing their disease today.

2243
01:37:58,112 --> 01:38:00,839
What I see on a day-to-day basis

2244
01:38:00,840 --> 01:38:03,069
with my individual patients as well

2245
01:38:03,070 --> 01:38:05,699
as my own family and my own friends,

2246
01:38:05,700 --> 01:38:09,177
I think it's missed in
some of this research,

2247
01:38:09,178 --> 01:38:11,723
and what that is is freedom.

2248
01:38:14,170 --> 01:38:16,573
It's freedom from being hangry.

2249
01:38:17,910 --> 01:38:20,189
It's freedom from cravings.

2250
01:38:20,190 --> 01:38:22,484
It's freedom from headaches.

2251
01:38:22,485 --> 01:38:23,340
Whoa!

2252
01:38:23,341 --> 01:38:25,849
It's freedom
from reactive hypoglycemia.

2253
01:38:25,850 --> 01:38:27,346
It's freedom from mood swings.

2254
01:38:27,347 --> 01:38:30,043
It's better quality of sleep.

2255
01:38:31,710 --> 01:38:33,473
It's better quality of life.

2256
01:38:34,950 --> 01:38:35,950
I feel great.

2257
01:38:37,510 --> 01:38:38,779
I feel really good.

2258
01:38:38,780 --> 01:38:39,780
Hi girls.