#include <iostream>
#include <chrono>
#include <functional>

using namespace std;
using namespace std::chrono;

class Base
{
public:
    Base(){}
    virtual ~Base(){}
    virtual int func(int i) volatile = 0;
};

class Derived : public Base
{
public:
    Derived(int base = 10) : base{base}
    {

    }
    ~Derived(){}

    virtual int func(int i) volatile
    {
        return i*base;
    }
private:
    int base;
};

struct Func
{
    int base;
    int __attribute__ ((noinline)) operator()(int i)
    {
        return i*base;
    }
    Func(int base) : base {base}
    {

    }
};
const int base = 10;
int __attribute__ ((noinline)) calculate(int i)
{
    return base*i;
}

int main()
{
    const int num = 6000;
    volatile Base *p = new Derived{10};
    int total = 0;
    auto start = high_resolution_clock::now();
    for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i)
    {
        total += p->func(i);
    }
    auto end = high_resolution_clock::now();
    std::cout<<"result: "<<total<<"\nvirtual call elapsed: \t"<<duration_cast<nanoseconds>(end-start).count()<<" nanoseconds.\n"<<std::endl;

    total = 0;
    start = high_resolution_clock::now();
    for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i)
    {
        total += calculate(i);
    }
    end = high_resolution_clock::now();
    std::cout<<"result: "<<total<<"\ndirect function call elapsed: \t"<<duration_cast<nanoseconds>(end-start).count()<<" nanoseconds.\n"<<std::endl;

    Func functor{10};
    total = 0;
    start = high_resolution_clock::now();
    for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i)
    {
        total += functor(i);
    }
    end = high_resolution_clock::now();
    std::cout<<"result: "<<total<<"\nfunctor call elapsed: \t"<<duration_cast<nanoseconds>(end-start).count()<<" nanoseconds.\n"<<std::endl;

    function<int(int, int)> lambda1 = [](int i, int base)
    {
        return i * base;
    };
    total = 0;
    start = high_resolution_clock::now();
    for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i)
    {
        total += lambda1(i, base);
    }
    end = high_resolution_clock::now();
    std::cout<<"result: "<<total<<"\nlambda1 call elapsed: \t"<<duration_cast<nanoseconds>(end-start).count()<<" nanoseconds.\n"<<std::endl;

    const int base = 10;

    function<int(int)> lambda2 = [base](int i)
    {
        return i*base;
    };
    total = 0;
    start = high_resolution_clock::now();
    for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i)
    {
        total += lambda2(i);
    }
    end = high_resolution_clock::now();
    std::cout<<"result: "<<total<<"\nlambda2 call elapsed: \t"<<duration_cast<nanoseconds>(end-start).count()<<" nanoseconds.\n"<<std::endl;



    function<int(int)> bound = std::bind(calculate, std::placeholders::_1);
    total = 0;
    start = high_resolution_clock::now();
    for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i)
    {
        total += bound(i);
    }
    end = high_resolution_clock::now();
    std::cout<<"result: "<<total<<"\nbound call elapsed: \t"<<duration_cast<nanoseconds>(end-start).count()<<" nanoseconds.\n"<<std::endl;

    return 0;
}