VR_knn(Sint *kin, Sint *lin, Sint *pntr, Sint *pnte, Sint *p,
       double *train, Sint *class, double *test, Sint *res, double *pr,
       Sint *votes, Sint *nc, Sint *cv, Sint *use_all)
{
    int   i, index, j, k, k1, kinit = *kin, kn, l = *lin, mm, npat, ntie,
          ntr = *pntr, nte = *pnte, extras;
    int   pos[MAX_TIES], nclass[MAX_TIES];
    int   j1, j2, needed, t;
    double dist, tmp, nndist[MAX_TIES];

    RANDIN;
/*
    Use a 'fence' in the (k+1)st position to avoid special cases.
    Simple insertion sort will suffice since k will be small.
 */

    for (npat = 0; npat < nte; npat++) {
	kn = kinit;
	for (k = 0; k < kn; k++)
	    nndist[k] = 0.99 * DOUBLE_XMAX;
	for (j = 0; j < ntr; j++) {
	    if ((*cv > 0) && (j == npat))
		continue;
	    dist = 0.0;
	    for (k = 0; k < *p; k++) {
		tmp = test[npat + k * nte] - train[j + k * ntr];
		dist += tmp * tmp;
	    }
/* Use 'fuzz' since distance computed could depend on order of coordinates */
	    if (dist <= nndist[kinit - 1] * (1 + EPS))
		for (k = 0; k <= kn; k++)
		    if (dist < nndist[k]) {
			for (k1 = kn; k1 > k; k1--) {
			    nndist[k1] = nndist[k1 - 1];
			    pos[k1] = pos[k1 - 1];
			}
			nndist[k] = dist;
			pos[k] = j;
/* Keep an extra distance if the largest current one ties with current kth */
			if (nndist[kn] <= nndist[kinit - 1])
			    if (++kn == MAX_TIES - 1)
				error("too many ties in knn");
			break;
		    }
	    nndist[kn] = 0.99 * DOUBLE_XMAX;
	}

	for (j = 0; j <= *nc; j++)
	    votes[j] = 0;
	if (*use_all) {
	    for (j = 0; j < kinit; j++)
		votes[class[pos[j]]]++;
	    extras = 0;
	    for (j = kinit; j < kn; j++) {
		if (nndist[j] > nndist[kinit - 1] * (1 + EPS))
		    break;
		extras++;
		votes[class[pos[j]]]++;
	    }
	} else { /* break ties at random */
	    extras = 0;
	    for (j = 0; j < kinit; j++) {
		if (nndist[j] >= nndist[kinit - 1] * (1 - EPS))
		    break;
		votes[class[pos[j]]]++;
	    }
	    j1 = j;
	    if (j1 == kinit - 1) { /* no ties for largest */
		votes[class[pos[j1]]]++;
	    } else {
/* Use reservoir sampling to choose amongst the tied distances */
		j1 = j;
		needed = kinit - j1;
		for (j = 0; j < needed; j++)
		    nclass[j] = class[pos[j1 + j]];
		t = needed;
		for (j = j1 + needed; j < kn; j++) {
		    if (nndist[j] > nndist[kinit - 1] * (1 + EPS))
			break;
		    if (++t * UNIF < needed) {
			j2 = j1 + (int) (UNIF * needed);
			nclass[j2] = class[pos[j]];
		    }
		}
		for (j = 0; j < needed; j++)
		    votes[nclass[j]]++;
	    }
	}

/* Use reservoir sampling to choose amongst the tied votes */
	ntie = 1;
	if (l > 0)
	    mm = l - 1 + extras;
	else
	    mm = 0;
	index = 0;
	for (i = 1; i <= *nc; i++)
	    if (votes[i] > mm) {
		ntie = 1;
		index = i;
		mm = votes[i];
	    } else if (votes[i] == mm && votes[i] >= l) {
		if (++ntie * UNIF < 1.0)
		    index = i;
	    }
	res[npat] = index;
	pr[npat] = (double) mm / (kinit + extras);
    }
    RANDOUT;
}