pytest.cpp

 /* pytest.cpp */
 /* build: g++ -std=c++1y -fPIC -I/usr/include/python3.4 -lboost_python -lpython3.4m pytest.cpp */
 /* bould: g++ -std=c++1y -fPIC -I/usr/include/python3.4 -lboost_python-py34 -lpython3.4m pytest.cpp */

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <boost/python.hpp>

using namespace boost::python;

int main() {
  try {
    Py_Initialize();
    object main_module = import("__main__");
    object main_namespace = main_module.attr("__dict__");

    /* Тут import os нормально отработал */
    object tstObj = exec("print('This is Python code...')\n"
                         "import os\n"
                         "print(os.getcwd())\n",
                         main_namespace);

    /* А тут import mymodule не импортирует */
    object testTwo = exec_file("test.py", main_namespace);

    /* Тоже не катит */
    object mymodObj = import("mymodule");

    /* Note that at this time you must not call Py_Finalize() to stop the interpreter. This may be fixed in a future version of boost.python. */
    /* http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/master/libs/python/doc/html/tutorial/tutorial/embedding.html */
    /* Py_Finalize(); */

  } catch(error_already_set const &) {
    if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_ZeroDivisionError)) {
      /* handle ZeroDivisionError specially */
    } else {
      /* print all other errors to stderr */
      PyErr_Print();
    }
  }
}