2018-04-21 Saturday: 3 Water


Greg Malivuk
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http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
“2018-04-21 Saturday: 3 Water”
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Homework: Units 1-2 test
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p. 33 - What are the women in the picture doing?
part 2 - With a partner, guess which numbers correctly complete each sentence.
1 70
2 3 (The oceans are not fresh water, and they cover ⅔ of the planet’s surface.)
3 46
4 10
5 200
fresh water = water that is not salty
running water = water that is pumped through your house
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p. 34 - What is happening in each photo?
A - Some people are diving in the ocean with a whale shark.
B - They are rafting in a river.
C - He is swimming in a cenote.
part 1 - Which places are best for each activity? (Use a dictionary if you don’t know a word).
These activities are all “go” activities: go swimming, go snorkeling, go windsurfing
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part 4 - Listen to the people talk about their experiences. Are these statements true or false?
1 T
2 F - They were coming down from some rapids, meaning they had just left them.
3 T
4 T
5 F
6 F
part 5 - Guess what happened next, and then listen to check your guesses.
1 b
2 c
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Grammar: simple past and past continuos (and past perfect)
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simple past: actions that happened in the past and finished
past continuous: actions that continued for some time in the past (usually something else happened in the middle of the action)
I ate dinner at 7:00 last night. = I started at 7.
I was eating dinner at 7:00 last night. = At 7 I was still in the middle of dinner.
I had (already) eaten dinner at 7:00 last night. = I finished before 7.
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We often use past continuous for “background” actions that continued for a while when something else happened.
What were you doing when you broke your leg? I was riding my bike.
What did you do when you broke your leg? I called an ambulance.
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There are other conjunctions we can use (instead of “when”) that have slightly different meanings:
I was eating dinner when the phone rang. = When the phone rang, I was eating dinner.
The phone rang while I was eating dinner. = While I was eating dinner, the phone rang.
	(“while” goes with things that continued for some time)
I broke my leg because I wasn’t paying attention. = Because I wasn’t paying attention, I broke my leg.
I wasn’t paying attention, so I broke my leg. (This can’t go in the opposite order.)
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p. 35 part 10 - Complete the sentences with the simple past or past continuous, and one of the conjunctions from above. (Use each conjunction once.)
1 I was taking a photo of the hippo when I dropped my camera in the water.
2 My friend fell out of the raft because he wasn’t holding on.
3 I saw some strange fish while I was diving.
4 I was having some problems with my mask, so my brother helped me.
  I had some problems with my mask, so my brother helped me.
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What do you know about the Titanic? (The ship, not the movie)
- It was the biggest ship at that time.
- It crashed into an iceberg and sank.
- A lot of people died when that happened.
- That happened in 1912.
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p. 36 - Read “Return to the Titanic”
Timeline:
1912-04-10: Titanic left Southampton, England
1912-04-15: Titanic hit an iceberg and sank. Many people died.
- champagne box disappeared
1960s: two US nuclear submarines disappeared
1985: Robert Ballard found the wreck, they realized it was the Titanic and jumped for joy, then they remembered the people who died and held a memorial service
- He asked people to treat the ship with dignity
- A private salvage company removed thousands of objects
- James Cameron visited
- A New York couple got married on the bow
2004: Ballard went back to the Titanic to see how it had changed, he saw champagne bottles, he saw shoes
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BREAK
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p. 36 part 1 - Which interview question goes with which paragraph?
1 b
2 a
3 d
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How do we know, for example, that James Cameron visited before 2004?
“A Russian submarine had taken James Cameron to the wreck.” - Past perfect tells us this happened before the main action of that part of the story (2004).
(The third paragraph is about 2004, so anything in past perfect is before 2004.)
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Grammar: Past Perfect
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meaning: things that happened before something else in the past
form: had + past participle
“I’d asked people to treat it with dignity.” - ‘d before past participle = had
“I’d like to visit the ship again.” - ‘d before base form = would
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Past perfect is most common in three situations:
1 telling stories: the main action is usually sometime in the past, but anything that happened before that needs past perfect
2 reported speech: “She said she had been sick the day before.” - She was sick before she said this.
3 third conditionals: If you had been at the party, you would have met them.
	(Here the meaning is different from “past before the past”, but the form is the same.)
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p. 37 part 7 - With your partner, choose the correct options to complete the sentences.
1 had been
2 sank
3 was
4 had disappeared (“by the time” is almost always with a perfect tense)
5 hadn’t located
6 had visited (“Because” usually implies a time order, so it’s not always necessary to use past perfect for the first action.)
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By the time the ambulance arrived at the hospital, the patient was already dead.
…, the patient had already died. (Dying is a specific event that happens and is then finished.)
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Lateral Thinking Puzzles: Ask yes/no questions to the person who has the answer to try to figure out the explanations for these situations.
Clue: all five of them have some connection to water
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Extra: A man lives on the 12th floor of an apartment building. Every morning he takes the elevator directly to the lobby and leaves for work. In the evening, if he’s alone and it’s not raining, he takes the elevator to the 10th floor and walks up the stairs to his apartment. If there’s someone else in the elevator or it’s raining, he takes the elevator to the 12th floor.
Why?
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Homework: Write a blog post similar to the one on p. 41 about a real or invented weekend you had. It doesn’t need to be connected to water, but it does need to include some past perfect and past continuous grammar.
	Also: read p. 51 and answer the questions in parts 2, 3, 4 on p. 50