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- Greg Malivuk
- http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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- Word Roots (list 3) - With your partners, try to think of (or remember) one or two words to explain the meaning of each root
- ego (egocentric, egotistical, egomania) = self
- endo (endotherm, endocrine) = in
- epi (epiphyte, epidermis, epidemic) = on/upon/on top of
- equi (equidistant, equation) = same (quantity)
- erg (ergonomic, energy) = work
- esth/aesth (anesthetic, kinesthesia) = feeling/sensation (Many words that begin with this root are related to beauty.)
- eu (eulogy, euphemism, euphoria) = good (The opposite root is “dys”.)
- ex/ect (ex-husband, exit, excavate, ectotherm, exothermic) = out
- extra (extraordinary, extrovert, extraterrestrial) = beyond/outward
- fac/fact (artifact, factory) = make
- fer (transfer, ferry) = carry
- flect/flex (deflect, reflection, flexible) = bend
- fore (foreground, forecast) = in front/before (fore/front/first/former and pre/prim/pro all come from the same root)
- fract/frag (fracture, fragment) = break
- fug (refugee, fugitive) = escape/flee
- funct (function, defunct) = perform
- gen (generation, generate, genealogy) = make/create/bear
- geo (geography, geology, geocentric) = Earth
- graph (autograph, graphite, seismograph) = draw/write
- grat (gratify, gratuity, grateful) = please
- helio (heliocentric, heliograph) = Sun
- hemo (hemophilia, hemorrhage, hemoglobin) = blood
- hetero (heterogeneous, heteronym) = different
- homo (homogeneous, homonym, homophone) = same (type or quality, not quantity)
- hydro (hydrate, hydraulic, hydrophobia) = water (or more generally fluid)
- hyper (hyperextend, hyperactive, hypertension) = over/beyond
- hypo (hypodermic, hypothermia, hypotension) = under
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- metathesis = the moving or swapping of sounds in a word (It’s especially common with /r/)
- three -> third
- front -> first
- comfortable -> “comfterble”
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- BREAK
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- Reading Question Types:
- - fact
- - negative fact
- - paraphrase
- - purpose
- - reference
- - vocabulary
- - inference
- - sentence insertion
- - summarize
- - organize
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- Vocabulary questions ask what highlighted words (or phrases) mean in the context of the passage. The Cengage handout describes some context clues you can use to guess the answer, or at least to eliminate definitely wrong answers.
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- From context, what can you infer about the omitted words in this sentence?
- “Because of their similar teeth, [1] and [2] are believed to have evolved from the same ancestral groups as the [3], [4], and other [5].”
- - They have teeth (and evolved from things), so all 5 words refer to animals.
- - [1] and [2] evolved from the same ancestors as [3], [4], and [5]. (So they’re all similar and related.)
- - [3] and [4] are examples of [5] / [5] is a group that includes [3] and [4]
- (More generally, “other [noun]s” means I’ve already mentioned some [noun]s.)
- Morning, Kevin, and other Brazilians - Doesn’t make sense because Morning and Kevin aren’t Brazilians.
- Jose, Barbara, and other Brazilians - Makes sense, because Jose and Barbara are Brazilians.
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- “Because of their similar teeth, seals and walruses are believed to have evolved from the same ancestral groups as the weasels, badgers, and other mustelids.”
- - “Mustelids” is a group name for a group that includes weasels and badgers.
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- Exercise 2.1 passage 1 - in your own words, explain what the highlighted words mean
- 2 constant = unceasing, continuous
- 3 dusk = just after sunset
- 4 rudimentary = basic, simple
- 5 faint (adj) = weak, dim
- 6 refuse (n) = trash, garbage, waste
- 7 roam = walk around without aim or restrictions (very common with “free”)
- (“faint” and “refuse” can also be verbs, with very different meanings than they have in the passage)
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- passage 3
- 12 cluster = group (of things close together)
- 13 mist = fog or smoke
- 14 luminous = bright, light-emitting, glowing
- 15 debris = pieces left over after something happens
- 16 a handful = between a few and several (for small things it’s an amount you can hold in your hands)
- 17 mourning = grieving someone’s death
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- Longman passage 1 - take 8 minutes
- 1 B
- 2 D
- 3 A
- 4 B
- 5 A
- 6 C
- 7 D
- 8 B
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- passage 2 - 6 minutes
- 9 A
- 10 D
- 11 B (The verb “attribute” has stress on the second syllable, the noun is stressed on the first syllable.)
- 12 B (In other contexts, “primary” can mean A or C, so it’s important to read part of the passage.)
- 13 C
- 14 B
- 15 C
- 16 D
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- Homework (optional): passages 3 and 4
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