2015-06-27 Saturday: 10 No limits

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Homework: p. 110 parts 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (with reading on p. 111), and p. 113 (write an eBay ad for a product you want to sell - you could also write a product description for something to sell in your pop-up store)
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A crop circle appeared last night. Natural forces must have created (must / create) it.
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p. 110 part 2 - a
part 3
1 Andrew McCarthy (the writer), Sam (his son), Mohamed (their friend). They go to Morocco to teach Sam how to bargain.
2 a perfume bottle for 200 dirham, an ornate box for 1300 dirham
3 the box - he bargained for it
part 4
1 freshly squeezed
2 world-famous
3 lethal-looking
4 soft hand-dyed
5 large camel
6 massive copper
7 tall, cobalt-blue, tear-shaped old perfume
8 bright yellow Moroccan men’s
It was dyed by hand. -> hand-dyed (If you can make a passive sentence about the thing, use the -ed adjective.)
It looks lethal. -> lethal-looking (If you can make an active sentence, use the -ing adjective.)
a dangerous-looking ladder, a friendly-looking man, a soft-looking cat
part 5
Don’t always give an offer. Make them continue to lower the price.
Wear something Moroccan.
The first thing you say is, “Too much,” and then walk away.
When you see something you like, ask about something else instead. Then, as you walk out, you ask about the thing you like.
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p. 117
ultramarathon - a running race that is longer than a marathon (42.125 km)
Marathon des Sables - six days, 156 miles total (250 km)
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p. 118
bionic = bio + electronic
prosthetic = artificial body part because you’ve lost your original one (not necessarily robotic)
part 2 number 5
Bionics can help people who have lost limbs. (limbs = arms and legs)
“who have lost limbs” gives more information about “people”, which is a noun
We sometimes call this an adjective clause, because it’s a clause that gives information about a noun.
(a clause is a group of words that includes a subject and a verb)
It’s also a relative clause, because the meaning of “who” depends on another word in the sentence (“people”).

Bionics can help people that have lost limbs. (a little more informal to use “that” instead of “who”)

A prosthetic is an artificial limb which replaces a lost arm or leg.
= A prosthetic is an artificial limb that replaces a lost arm or leg.

This is the school where I study English.
(This is the school in which I study English. = This is the school which I study English in. = This is the school that I study English in. = This is the school I study English in.)

That’s the car where I left my coffee. = I left my coffee in that car. (This is what we expect it to mean.)
That’s the car on which I left my coffee. = I left my coffee on (top of) that car.
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want to = wanna
going to = gonna
don’t know = dunno
come on = c’mon
I’ve got to = I gotta
let me = lemme
give me = gimme
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BAE is the school that I used to study English in. = BAE is the school I used to study English in.
Bionics help people that have lost limbs.
*Bionics help people have lost limbs.

“I” is the subject of “that I used to study English in”, so we can remove “that”.
“that” is the subject of “that have lost limbs”, so we CANNOT remove “that”.

Bionics can help people. Their limbs have been lost.
Bionics can help people whose limbs have been lost.
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p. 119 part 7 - write the correct relative pronoun to complete the descriptions
1 who/that
2 who/that
3 which/that
4 when
5 where
6 whose
he/who - subject
him/who(m) - object
his/whose - possessive

Whom did you invite? I invited them. (object form)
(more common and more informal: Who did you invite?)

bionic limbs the movement of which mimics the body’s natural steps
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p. 120-121 - Would you live on Mars if you had the opportunity?
Mars One - program to send colonists to Mars by 2025
The Martian - new movie with Matt Damon, where he is stranded alone on Mars and has to try to survive

second conditional (= present/future unreal conditional)
If you had the opportunity to go to Mars, would you go?
= You don’t and probably won’t have this opportunity. (This is why we call it “unreal”.)

If I had the opportunity to go to Mars, I would not go.
if + [past without “was”], subj + would/could/might + base form

If I were you, I would quit that job. (“If I was you” is informal, but you sometimes hear people say it.)

If I had more money, I would travel.
= I don’t have much money, so I don’t travel.

If I had more money, I could travel. = I would be able to travel (but maybe I would, maybe I wouldn’t.)
= I don’t have money, so I can’t travel.

If I had more money, I might travel. = I’m not sure. I would have to decide after getting the money.
= I might travel if I had more money. (no comma)

If I could speak French, I could go to Paris by myself.
= If I were able to speak French, I would be able to go to Paris by myself.
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p. 121 part 10
1 had, would be
2 would it take
3 Would it be
4 would happen, melted
5 would the temperature change, increased (or “could” or “might”)
6 would we learn (or “could” or “might”)
modal + base form (ALWAYS)
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BREAK
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If I had more money, I would be happier.
I wish (that) I had more money.

If he were rich, she would be happier.
She wishes (that) he were rich.

subj + [wish] + [past without “was”] (“I was” is informal, but you sometimes hear people say it.)

There is one difference between wishes and conditionals: we can use “would” in wishes, not if-clauses
I wish it would stop raining. (I think it won’t stop raining, but if it stopped raining, I would be happy.)
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noun+ful and noun+less = adjective

helpful/helpless, careful/careless, hopeful/hopeless, harmful/harmless, painful/painless
beautiful
homeless, waterless, lifeless, penniless, paperless, wireless, inkless, lightless, odorless, tasteless…
(-less is a productive suffix = we can easily use it to make new words and people will understand us)
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p. 124
bruise = contusion
scrape = abrasion
break = fracture (injury of the bone)
cut = incision (especially if it’s intentional, such as in surgery)
burn - from heat or acid
sprain (injury of the tendons)
strain (injury of the muscles)

“It looks a little swollen.” swell-swelled-swollen = to become bigger than normal

You should get it looked at. = You should get someone else to look at it. = It should be looked at by someone.
It might be worth getting it X-rayed. = It should be X-rayed by someone.
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p. 119 part 9
1 injured (“wound” is typically a violent injury, such as from war or crime; also medically, a wound is a skin injury)
2 heal (“heal” = get better on its own, “treat” = do something to a condition to improve it)
3 appointment (“date” = a romantic meeting)
4 cure (“cure” = to eliminate a bad condition completely)
5 hurt (“hurt” is the verb, “pain” is the noun)
6 treatment (“side effect” = an effect that isn’t the primary intention of the treatment)
7 monitoring (“monitoring” = watching, paying attention to)
8 painful (“hurtful” = emotionally painful, “painful” usually means physical pain)
part 10 - you should look up these words before doing the homework
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p. 125
clearly, naturally, obviously, of course
in fact, to be honest, actually
before I forget, incidentally, by the way
anyway, well, so
all the same, even so, however, the thing is
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Homework: do the test at home (remember you can check http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk, and all of the “Core” classes are about this same book)
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No class July 4 - Independence Day
https://www.facebook.com/events/1608549076095752/ - July 4th event - games and food on the Cambridge side of the river before the fireworks (I will be there with my friends from about 2pm. I will come and bring anyone who is at the school at 5:30pm.)