protected void doOnePtCrossover(Chromosome Chrom1, Chromosome Chrom2)
    {
        String sNewChrom1, sNewChrom2;
        int iCrossoverPoint;
        String sChrom1, sChrom2;

        iCrossoverPoint = getRandom(chromosomeDim - 2);
        sChrom1 = Chrom1.getGenesAsStr();
        sChrom2 = Chrom2.getGenesAsStr();

        // CREATE OFFSPRING ONE
        sNewChrom1 =
            sChrom1.substring(0, iCrossoverPoint)
                + sChrom2.substring(iCrossoverPoint, chromosomeDim);

        // CREATE OFFSPRING TWO
        sNewChrom2 =
            sChrom2.substring(0, iCrossoverPoint)
                + sChrom1.substring(iCrossoverPoint, chromosomeDim);

        ((ChromChars) Chrom1).setGenesFromStr(sNewChrom1);
        ((ChromChars) Chrom2).setGenesFromStr(sNewChrom2);
    }

    protected void doOnePtCrossover(Chromosome Chrom1, Chromosome Chrom2)
    {
        super.doOnePtCrossover(Chrom1, Chrom2); //do normal crossover

        //  Now eliminate any duplicated genes by replacing duplicates with genes which
        //were left out of the chromosome.
        //  For example if gene space = 'ABCDEFGH' and sChrom1 = 'ABCDDEFG', then the
        //gene 'D' is duplicated and 'H' has been left out. Swap the 2nd 'D' with 'H' and
        //the problem is fixed.

        String sChrom1 = getChromWithoutDuplicates(Chrom1.getGenesAsStr());
        String sChrom2 = getChromWithoutDuplicates(Chrom2.getGenesAsStr());
        ((ChromChars)Chrom1).setGenesFromStr(sChrom1);
        ((ChromChars)Chrom2).setGenesFromStr(sChrom2);
    }

    protected String getChromWithoutDuplicates(String sChromosome)
    {
        int iPos;
        int iRandomGeneLeftOut;
        String sGene, sGenesLeftOut, sRestOfChrom;

        //first get a string (which acts as a list) of all genes left OUT of this chrom
        sGenesLeftOut = "";
        for (int i = 0; i < this.possGeneValues.length(); i++)
        {
            sGene = "" + this.possGeneValues.charAt(i);
            iPos = sChromosome.indexOf(sGene);
            if (iPos < 0) //this gene not found in chromosome
                sGenesLeftOut += sGene;
        }

        if (sGenesLeftOut.length() == 0) //no duplicate genes, so exit
            return (sChromosome);

        StringBuffer sbChromosome = new StringBuffer(sChromosome);
        StringBuffer sbGenesLeftOut = new StringBuffer(sGenesLeftOut);

        for (int i = 0; i < chromosomeDim; i++)
        {
            sGene = "" + sbChromosome.charAt(i);
            sRestOfChrom = sbChromosome.substring(i + 1, chromosomeDim);

            iPos = sRestOfChrom.indexOf(sGene);
            if (iPos > -1) //gene also found in a later part of the chromosome, it is duplicated!
            {
                //assign this duplicate gene a random value from the list of genes left out
                iRandomGeneLeftOut = getRandom(sbGenesLeftOut.length());
                sbChromosome.setCharAt(iPos + i + 1, sbGenesLeftOut.charAt(iRandomGeneLeftOut));

                //now take this "gene left out" out of the list (string) of available genes
                sbGenesLeftOut.deleteCharAt(iRandomGeneLeftOut);
            }
        }

        return (sbChromosome.toString());
    }