2018-01-03 TOEFL: word roots, reading fact

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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for + noun/gerund
to + base verb
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Word Roots list 1 - With your partner, write one or two words to explain the meaning of each root.
ab (abduct, abdicate) = away
ad (advocate, addition, advance) = toward
act (activity, activate, react) = do (This root is related to ‘ag’ in “agent” and ‘exe’ in “execute”.)
aer/aero (aerial, aerate) = air
agri/agro (agriculture, agribusiness, agrarian) = farm
ambi (ambidextrous, ambiguous, ambivalent) = both
amb/ambul (amble, ambulatory, ambulate) = walk
ami/amo (amiable, amorous) = love/friendship
andro (android, androgen) = man (as in male)
anim (animate, animal) = spirit/movement
ann/enn (annual, millennium, anniversary) = year
ante/anti (antecedent, anteroom, anticipate) = before
anthropo (anthropology, philanthropy, anthropomorphize) = human
anti (antibacterial, antisocial) = against
aqua (aquamarine, aqueduct, aquarium) = water (sometimes specifically fresh water)
arch (monarch, hierarchy, archbishop) = first (in importance or power)
archa (archaeology, archaic) = old/ancient (first in time)
art (artist, artifact, artisan) = skill (“liberal arts” are the skills classically thought to be necessary for free people (as opposed to slaves))
astro (astronomy, astrology) = star
aud/audi (audience, audible) = hear
auto (automatic, autograph) = self
bell (belligerent, rebellious) = war
bene (benefit, benevolent) = good
bi (bilingual, bilateral, bisexual) = two
bio (biology, biography, biosphere) = life
cept/ceive (intercept, receive) = catch/capture
cardi/cardio (cardiac, cardiology) = heart
carn (carnivore, carnal) = meat/flesh
cede/ceed (intercede, exceed) = go (In other word forms this is often spelled “cess”, as in “excess”.)
cent (century, centimeter, centennial) = hundred(th)
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1 kg = 2.2 lbs (pounds)
	1 lb = 16 oz. (ounces)
30 cm = 1 ft (foot)
	1 ft = 12 in (inches)
	1 in = 2.54 cm
1 m = 3.3 ft
1.6 km = 1 mi (mile)
1 km = 0.6 mi
30 mL = 1 oz (fluid ounce)
1 L = 34 oz
3.8 L = 1 gal (gallon) = 4 qt (quarts) = 8 pt (pints) = 16 c (cups) = 128 oz
	1 tsp = 5mL
	1 tbs = 3 tsp = 15 mL
	1 oz = 2 tbs
	2 oz = ¼ cup (half a stick of butter)
	4 oz = ½ cup
	8 oz = 1 cup
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BREAK
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Reading Question Types
- fact
- negative fact
- purpose
- paraphrase
- vocabulary
- inference
- reference/pronouns
- sentence insertion
- summarize
- organize/categorize
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The keys to fact (and negative fact) questions is scanning the text for key words and recognizing when the same information is restated in a different way.
Handout (Cambridge) p. 181 - Skim the first passage and decide if each sentence is true or false.
A. T
B. F
C. T (A military risk is a security threat.)
D. T
E. F
F. F (There was no construction of the tunnel in 1930, so the construction couldn’t have led to anything.)
G. F
H. T
Passage 2
A. T
B. F (They likely came from an animal this size, but the bones they found were smaller.)
C. F
D. T (This is more of an inference question.)
E. T (This is also an inference, from “eardrums, which would not have worked in water”.)
F. F (It can recognize the source because the bones are isolated from each other, and it’s just the eardrum that is vestigial, not the middle ear.)
G. T
H. T (This can be concluded from the final sentence. “The separation of these bones” means the bones are in fact separated in (modern) marine whales.)
Passage 3
A. T
B. F
C. F (It emits glue, not a smell.)
D. T
E. T
F. F
G. T
H. T
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p. 183-185 - Take 5 minutes to scan the paragraphs and answer the NEGATIVE fact questions after each one.
1 D
2 A
3 B
4 D (The text mentions opening them, but the question is about underwater activities, and the oysters were opened after the diver surfaced.)
5 B
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DELTA p. 20
1 A
2 C
3 D (“makes up the bulk of the plant” = “constitutes the largest part of the plant”)
p. 21
4 B
5 A
6 C
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Homework: DELTA p. 22-25 - Finish 1.1.A and do 1.1.B about fact questions.
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http://my.staffordhouse.com - Check the website before you come to school tomorrow.