2017-01-18 TOEFL: reading sentence insertion

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-do-animals-experience-pain-robyn-j-crook/review_open
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Homework: DELTA p. 144-145 - Answer the questions about the passage on Langston Hughes. Because this is shorter than a regular TOEFL reading, see how much of it you can do in 10 minutes. (But if you don’t finish in that time, take a few extra minutes to try to answer all the questions.)
8 B - inference
9 D - vocabulary
10 C - fact
11 A - negative fact
12 A - vocabulary
13 D - vocabulary
14 B - paraphrase
15 D - sentence insertion
Look at the text again. Do you understand why these are the correct answers?
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DELTA p. 123 - What order should the three sentences at the top of the page be in? (That is, write 1, 2, or 3 for each sentence.) Why?
2, 3, 1
“The most distinguishing characteristic” - Introduces trunks
“The trunk’s inner core” - introduces cells
“Millions upon millions of such cells” - refers back to cells from the previous sentence
Where can we add, “All trees share certain growth characteristics that distinguish them from other members of the plant kingdom.”?
- It should go at the beginning because it introduces the idea of distinguishing characteristics.
	(This would also make sense as the thesis statement of an introductory paragraph before this.)
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In writing we talk about unity and coherence.
coherence = the sentences and clauses connect to each other logically (with connectors and with a good order)
unity = each sentence and clause relates to the main idea - the essay stays on-topic
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p. 124-126 - Clues for sentence insertion questions.
One of my students is from Brazil.
	The other is from Spain. = I have two students.
	Another is from Spain. = I have more than two students.
“the other” and “the others” mean we’re now finished with the things we’re talking about
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p. 129 - Choose the answers individually. Then compare with your partner. Be prepared to explain why you think your answer is correct. (What clues tell you that’s where the sentence should go?)
1 A - “sharing time” is an opportunity to talk in front of a group
2 B - “spongy and wet” contrasts with “appear relatively dry”, and the following sentence gives some explanation of why the surface is spongy
3 C - “narrower” and “more beneficial” are in comparison to the broad leaves of the previous sentence
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p. 130 - Do 4-6 with your partner.
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University Fair - Friday at 12:30 in the computer lab / student lounge
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BREAK
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4 D - A flute doesn’t have a reed, so the sentence about a reed must be about the oboe. “This” means the rasping sawtooth sound.
5 C - “It” means “Carbonizing”
6 D - Adds detail to the idea that no one can find another trade to improve his situation.
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Handout (Oxford) p. 72-74 - Read the passage and answer the reference and sentence-insertion questions about Gandhi.
Check and compare your answers with a partner. Explain your answer if you disagree, pointing to evidence in the text that supports your choice.
1 c
2 b - “its” is singular (not a) and possessive (not c), and d doesn’t make sense
3 c - The previous sentence has to be about an aim of some kind.
4 c
5 c
6 c
7 b
8 d
9 b - not a because “these” refers directly back to the laws, and the previous sentence says nothing about caste; b makes the most sense because the sentence before it talks about both caste and electorates
10 b - The important thing is to realize it’s about Gandhi, though both Mahatma and “the magician” were other names people used for him.
11 d
12 b
13 c
14 c
15 b - “Neither side” refers to something with exactly two sides, and both of those sides didn’t want to see him starve to death.
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Remember, on the real TOEFL you will have one sentence-insertion question for each reading, and at most one reference question.
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p. 76-78 - Read this and answer the questions.
Check your answers with your partner. Try to figure out the correct answer if you disagree.
1 d - This explains which “race” the US is leading the world.
2 c
3 d
4 a
5 c - The portion refers to the whole serving you get at one of these restaurants.
6 b
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Homework: DELTA p. 131-135