2015-11-03 Core: 5 travel, present perfect

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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What would you bring with you on a trip to Antarctica? (Have you been there before?)

(on vacation, on my way, on a trip, on holiday, on a flight, on a cruise, on a tour, etc.)
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p. 57 - Would you ever do a trip like this? Why or why not?
What are some risks on a more typical vacation?
part 2 - If you have had these experiences, give your partner some tips or suggestions about them. (You’ve all been on a plane, but do you have any personal strategies for being more comfortable or less bored on a flight?)
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Find someone who has… (and ask for some additional details about the experience)
been to Paris
visited a castle
climbed a mountain
ridden a camel
flown in a helicopter
met a celebrity

Also try to find out who has visited the most countries.
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If you have gone somewhere and returned, we usually use “been” instead of “gone” in perfect tenses.
She’s been to Paris. = She has visited it and returned sometime in the past.
She’s gone to Paris. = She is still on her Paris vacation. (She’s gone, but she hasn’t returned yet.)
(She’s been in Paris. = She came to Paris in the past and she is still in Paris.)
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present perfect: events that finished in the past, but during a nonspecific or unfinished time
	and events that started in the past and continue through the present
simple past: events that finished in the past, during a specific, finished time
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BREAK
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p. 58 part 1 - look at the map and guess the answers, then listen and check
part 2 - read the profile of Mike Fay and decide which paragraphs have these headings
a 3
b 2
c 4
d 1
e 5

life-threatening = something that could end your life
trek = a long, difficult journey, usually on foot
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p. 58 part 3 - Can you remember if this information is true or false?
1 He’s done conservation work in Africa but not in America. - F
2 He’s slept in 50 different beds in the last ten years. - F (50 times, not 50 beds)
3 An elephant nearly killed him once. - T
4 He wore his last pair of sandals for 1200 miles. - T
5 He has succeeded in his aims with his work. - T
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Present Simple vs. Simple Past
What tense is used in paragraph 2? Why?
(present perfect, because there’s no specific time - these are experience he has had in his life, but his life is not finished)
Why is simple past more common in paragraph 3?
(These things happened at specific finished times. “a few years ago”, “on one trip”, “once”)

He has had malaria many times. = He could have malaria again in the future.
(If he were dead, or simply done with travel, we would use simple past in this sentence.)
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p. 59 part 9 - which tenses can these expressions be used with?
last year - simple past (2014)
in the last year - present perfect (from November 3, 2014, until today)
(next year = 2016)
(in the next year = from today until November 2, 2016)
once = one time (finished) - simple past
so far = up through now (but it may change in the future) - present perfect

I have enjoyed this book so far (but I’m not finished yet and I may stop enjoying it).
I enjoyed this book until now (but I’ve just read something horrible and I don’t like it any more).

It would be strange to say, “I have already graduated from high school.” I’m 32, of course I’ve graduated from high school.
A 16-year-old could say, “I have already graduated from high school,” because for her it’s surprising.

I haven’t seen that movie yet. = I have not seen it but I probably will soon.
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With unfinished times like “today”, “this month”, “this year”, and so on, you have to think about if the action can happen again. The time isn’t finished, but is the time for that action finished?

I didn’t eat breakfast today. (The time for breakfast today is finished, so we use simple past.)
I haven’t eaten lunch yet today. (The time for lunch isn’t finished, and I may still eat lunch.)
I won’t eat dinner today. (The time for dinner hasn’t started, so I use simple future.)
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p. 59 part 7 - complete the paragraph with the correct forms of the verbs
1 have also flown
2 has done
3 once spent (“once” = specific finished time)
4 didn’t have (“since” = because in this case, but also, “Since I came to Boston, I have worked at four different schools.” - the other clause is present perfect, not the since-clause)
5 filled (“since” means “because”, and this is about the finished 11-month journey)
6 has used (“over the years” = during the years of his travel and research, which isn’t finished)
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Homework: p. 59 part 10 (make the sentences true for you), p. 162 practice 1