2015-06-16 Evening: 9 language learning

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Homework: complete parts 1-9 of the take-home test
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p. 105 - how old were you when you learned how to write your language?
part 2 - are these sentences true or false?
homophones: words with the same sound (but different spellings and meanings),
to, two, too / their, there, they’re / right, write

phonology, phonograph, telephone, phonetics: phono = sound

homogeneous, homograph, homology, homosexual, homonym: homo = same
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Thai has 46 letters.
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borrow: take something and give it back later
guarantee: a promise that a product will work correctly (and if it doesn’t you can get your money back)
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p. 106 part 1 (in pairs) - which word goes with which definition?
1 a class (“class” is also the location and the group of students)
  b subject
2 a rules
  b discipline
3 a enroll
  b apply
4 a instruct
  b teach
5 a skill
  b qualification
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Did you have a teacher who made a subject very interesting for you? Did they teach in an unusual way?

Have you studied something that wasn’t related to a specific school subject?
martial arts: fighting sports like kung fu, karate, kendo, judo, muay thai, etc.
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science fair: when students or groups of students prepare a display and presentation about a particular scientific topic
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p. 106 part 4 - which part of the documentary (1, 2, or 3) is about each thing (a, b, or c)
p. 107 part 5
1 from watching movies and TV
2 fifth
3 has different businesses
4 students
5 Not all the students
6 discipline
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p. 107 part 7 - Passive voice
Teachers teach Kung Fu in many schools. (active voice)
teachers = subject, Kung Fu = object

Kung Fu is taught in many schools. (passive voice)
Kung Fu = subject (no object)
I can say, “Kung Fu is taught by teachers in many schools,” but we already know it’s by teachers, so we don’t need to include that information.

People steal many cars in this area of the city.
-> Many cars are stolen in this area of the city. (I don’t have any more information than “people”, so we don’t need to include that information.)

passive = [be] + past participle (we can use any tense for “be”)

Thousands of people study Kung Fu in Dengfeng.
-> Kung Fu is studied by thousands of people in Dengfeng. (Include “by thousands of people” because it’s not just a few people, so “thousands” is useful information to include.)

Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa. (My focus is on the artist. I’m talking about Leonardo.)
-> The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci. (My focus is on the painting. I’m talking about the Mona Lisa.)
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p. 107 part 8 - complete the article with verbs in the passive voice ([be] + past participle), in pairs
1 are enrolled
2 are sent
3 are needed
4 isn’t seen (“learning” is noncount, like all gerunds)
5 aren’t taken
6 are sent
7 is emailed
8 are taught
(Verbs that come from nouns, names, or other languages are almost always regular.)
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Past passive = passive voice with [be] in the past tense.

Someone stole her car last night.
-> Her car was stolen last night.

Shakespeare wrote many plays.
-> Many plays were written by Shakespeare.
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p. 108
Where was writing invented?
Writing was invented in several different locations.
p. 109 part 4 - complete the sentences with past passive verbs AND decide if you think they are true or false
1 was made (papyrus = the material (like paper), so it’s noncount)
  F - made from a type of plant that grows in and near water
2 were used
  T
3 was done
  T
4 was not created
  F - it was created by the Phoenicians
5 weren’t used
  F - pictures were used for dates and times
6 were published
  T
7 was invented
  F - 1874
8 weren’t sold
  F - in 2010, Amazon sold more eBooks than paperback books
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electronic book = ebook
electronic mail = email
(portable eBooks were used as early as 1992.)
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Homework: p. 109 part 6 and p. 110 parts 2 and 3 (you will also read p. 111)