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- Greg Malivuk
- gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
- http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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- Word Roots (list 4) - With your partner, try to think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root.
- icon (iconography, iconoclast, iconic) = image
- idio (idiomatic, idiosyncrasy) = one’s own / unique
- il/im/in/ir (illegal, impossible, inconsiderate, irresponsible) = not
- il/im/in/ir (illuminate, impress, inhale, irradiate) = in (the opposite prefix is “ex”)
- il before L
- im before M, P, B
- ir before R
- in before other letters
- infra (infrastructure, infrared) = under
- inter (interview, international, intercept) = between/among
- intra/intro (intravenous, introvert) = into/inward/inside (This “tra” and “tro” are the same (originally comparative) form as in “extra”, “retro”, and “contra”.)
- ject (interject, eject, inject) = throw/push
- junct (junction, conjunction, adjunct) = join
- kine (kinetic, kinesthetic, telekinesis) = movement (The Latin spelling of this root was “cine”.)
- lab (labor, collaborate, elaborate) = work
- lex/lect (lexical, dyslexia, lecture, dialect) = read/words (This is the same “lect” as in “select”, “elect”, and “collect”, where it means something like “pick” or “choose”, as in choosing words to say.)
- loc (location, dislocation, relocate) = place
- luc (translucent, elucidate) = light
- lum (illuminate, lumen) = light
- macro (macroeconomics, macroevolution) = big
- magni (magnify, magnificent, magnate) = great (in size or quality)
- mal (malpractice, malaria, malicious) = bad
- man/mani/manu (manual, maneuver, manuscript) = hand
- mar (marine, maritime) = sea
- mega (megabyte, megastructure, megalith) = huge (unit prefix meaning 1,000,000)
- meta (metamorphosis, metastasis, metabolism) = change
- meta (metaphysics, metacognition, metadata) = beyond/about (metacognition is thinking about thought)
- micro (microscope, microphone, microbe) = small/tiny (unit prefix meaning 1/1,000,000)
- migr (immigrate, migrant) = move (from one place to another)
- mis (misbehave, misnomer) = wrong
- miss/mit (dismiss, transmit, missile) = send
- mono (monochromatic, monotonous, monologue) = one
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- Prefixes for specific numbers:
- https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/greeklatinroots2/chapter/%C2%A7124-a-table-of-greek-and-latin-number-words/
- 1 - mono / uni
- 2 - bi / di
- 3 - tri
- 4 - tetra / quadr/quart
- 5 - penta / quint
- 6 - hex / sex
- 7 - hept / sept
- 8 - oct
- 9 - enne / nov/non
- 10 - deca / deci
- 100 - hect / cent
- 1000 - kilo / mill
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- unit prefixes
- 10-9 = nano
- 10-6 = micro
- 10-3 = milli
- 103 = kilo
- 106 = mega
- 109 = giga
- 1012 = tera
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- Reading Question Types (and an example question from yesterday’s test):
- - purpose (9)
- - fact/detail (2)
- - negative fact (5)
- - inference (11)
- - reference (12)
- - paraphrase (4)
- - vocabulary (1)
- - sentence insertion (13)
- - summarize (14)
- - organization (not on yesterday’s test)
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- Sentence insertion questions are sometimes called “coherence questions”.
- In writing, coherence means that ideas are logically connected within sentences and between sentences and paragraphs. If you put a new sentence in the right place, it will preserve coherence. If you put it in the wrong place, it can break the logical connections between ideas.
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- DELTA p. 124-126 explains clues to use when answering these questions.
- p. 125 - Do you understand all the pronouns in the box and how they’re used?
- “whom” is the object pronoun (We especially use this form after prepositions in relative clauses.)
- “whose” is possessive
- “former” and “latter” are “first” and “last” when there’s only two
- There was a sea route and a land route. The former (= sea)…. The latter (= land)….
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- p. 129 exercise 1.7.A - Take 3 minutes to answer the first three questions. Then compare with your partner and convince them if you disagree.
- 1 A (The new sentence gives more detail about their skill with language, and introduces the idea of talking in front of a group, which is expanded in the next sentence about “sharing time”.)
- 2 B (“However” is in contrast to the dry appearance of the ground.)
- 3 C (“More beneficial” than the densest shade that was already mentioned in the previous sentence. not D: “This” in the final sentence refers to the reduced demand for air conditioning.)
- p. 130 - Take 3 minutes for these
- 4 D (The new sentence isn’t about the flute, because “the flute has no reed”, so it must instead refer to the oboe, introduced in the sentence before D.)
- 5 C
- 6 D (This gives more information about the situation when all beneficial trades have been completed. The paragraph would be more clear if it said “mutually beneficial”.)
- p. 131-132 - Take 4 minutes to complete this exercise.
- 7 C (not B: simple past “found” means it’s a specific past time, in this case that’s “in one study”; it would be present perfect if it weren’t a specific time. not D: we wouldn’t give a general description of what researchers found after already stating the specific colors and frequencies involved)
- 8 A (“this irritation” = “an inflammation of the bronchial tubes”)
- 9 D - general -> specific (“range of ethnic sources” -> “Eastern, Spanish, and Native American”)
- 10 B (This is another example of how the areas are interdependent.)
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- Usually, general is before specific. (The exception is conclusions, but then there’s usually a transition signal or phrase to tell you.)
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- Cambridge p. 172-3 exercise R8 - Take 4 minutes for these passages.
- 1 B
- 2 D
- 3 C
- 4 C
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- Homework: Oxford p. 76-78 - Answer these reference and insertion questions about fast food.
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