qemu-steps-2nd-approach

# create raw disk image
qemu-img create -f raw debian.img 8G

# get debian installation files
wget http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/dists/bullseye/main/installer-armhf/current/images/netboot/vmlinuz
wget http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/dists/bullseye/main/installer-armhf/current/images/netboot/mini.iso
wget http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/dists/bullseye/main/installer-armhf/current/images/netboot/initrd.gz

# run debian installation
# (ahci hard drive options found in gentoo wiki: https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/QEMU/Options#Hard_drive)
qemu-system-arm -M virt -cpu cortex-a7 -m 1G -kernel vmlinuz -initrd initrd.gz -drive id=disk,file=debian.img,if=none,format=raw -device ahci,id=ahci -devi
ce ide-hd,drive=disk,bus=ahci.0 -append "console=ttyAMA0" -drive file=mini.iso,id=cdrom,if=none,media=cdrom -nographic

# mount boot partition and copy out initram and vmlinuz files
# example:
# fdisk -l (see output and multiply start position with 512)
# sudo mount -o loop,offset=1048576 debian.img /mnt/qemudrive

# boot debian linux
qemu-system-arm -M virt -cpu cortex-a7 -m 1G -initrd initrd.img-5.10.0-19-armmp-lpae \
    -kernel vmlinuz-5.10.0-19-armmp-lpae -append "root=/dev/sda2 console=ttyAMA0" \
    -drive id=disk,file=debian.img,format=raw,if=none \
-device ahci,id=ahci \
-device ide-hd,drive=disk,bus=ahci.0 -serial stdio -net user,hostfwd=tcp::10022-:22 -net nic