Sources | Edward Snowden

1 Clapper’s ‘Not Wittingly’ Denial  
https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4521220/james-clapper-wittingly
https://www.washingtonpost.com/video/politics/clapper-denies-knowledge-of-government-surveillance-data/2013/07/05/55adc78a-e595-11e2-a11e-c2ea876a8f30_video.html
https://irp.fas.org/news/2013/07/dni-error.pdf
https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2014/jul/12/rand-paul/sen-rand-paul-says-james-clapper-committed-a-felony/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/01/james-clapper-apology-congress-erroneous-response

2 Snowden’s Hong Kong Meetings
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/09/edward-snowden-nsa-whistleblower-surveillance
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/20/how-we-broke-the-snowden-story
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/31/laura-poitras-guardian-nsa-snowden-archive
https://www.vanityfair.com/news/politics/2014/05/edward-snowden-greenwald-poitras
https://www.wired.com/2014/05/snowden/

3 Upstream And XKEYSCORE Tools
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/31/nsa-top-secret-program-online-data
https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/jun/21/gchq-cables-secret-world-communications-nsa
https://www.dni.gov/index.php/newsroom/press-releases/press-releases-2017/item/1748-statement-on-ending-section-702-upstream-internet-communications-collection
https://projects.theguardian.com/nsa-prism-primer/index.html
https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/nsa-paying-us-companies-for-access-to-communications-networks/2013/08/29/5641a4b6-10c2-11e3-bdf6-e4fc677d94a1_story.html

4 Verizon Metadata Order Revealed
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/06/nsa-phone-records-verizon-court-order
https://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2013/jun/06/verizon-telephone-data-court-order
https://www.pclob.gov/reports/2014-01-23-data-telephone-records/
https://foreignintelligence.gov/court_documents/2015-11-24-Signed-Order.pdf
https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2015/05/appeals-court-finds-nsa-phone-records-collection-likely-unlawful
https://time.com/3859490/nsa-bulk-phone-data-collection-illegal/

5 PRISM Program And Section 702
https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/the-nsa-slides-explained-the-prism-collection-program/2013/06/08/1a4922aa-cf9e-11e2-8845-d970ccb04497_story.html
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/06/us-tech-giants-nsa-data
https://icontherecord.tumblr.com/post/58944280738/facts-on-the-collection-of-intelligence
https://icontherecord.tumblr.com/transparency/records
https://www.theverge.com/2013/6/7/4411022/apple-statement-prism-direct-access
https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6981204-Prism-slides

6 Global Diplomatic Fallout
https://www.spiegel.de/international/world/nsa-hacked-merkels-phone-a-930205.html
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/24/nsa-surveillance-world-leaders-calls
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/08/nsa-boundless-informant-data-mining
https://g1.globo.com/fantastico/noticia/2013/09/documents-snowden-requests-dilma.html
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/05/nsa-gchq-encryption-codes-revealed

7 Escape, Passport Revoked, Asylum
https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/pr/justice-department-statement-request-hong-kong-edward-snowden-s-provisional-arrest
https://www.immd.gov.hk/eng/press/press-releases/20130627.html
https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/snowden-departs-hong-kong-for-a-third-country-government-says/2013/06/23/08e9eff2-dbde-11e2-a9f2-42ee3912ae0e_story.html
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/01/edward-snowden-airport-reading
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/03/edward-snowden-bolivia-plane-vienna

8 Reforms And Court Rulings
https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/01/17/remarks-president-review-signals-intelligence
https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/2048
https://foreignintelligence.gov/court_documents/2015-11-24-Signed-Order.pdf
https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2020/09/02/13-50561.pdf
https://www.aclu.org/press-releases/federal-court-finds-nsa-mass-surveillance-unlawful
https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/09/ninth-circuit-says-nsa-mass-surveillance-lawless-confirming
https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2015/05/appeals-court-finds-nsa-phone-records-collection-likely-unlawful

9 Encryption And Tech Responses
https://blog.whatsapp.com/whatsapp-end-to-end-encryption
https://www.apple.com/privacy/
https://www.apple.com/customer-letter/
https://web.archive.org/web/20141020/https://images.apple.com/business/docs/iOS_Security_Guide.pdf
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/21/technology/revelations-of-n-s-a-spying-cost-tech-companies.html

10 NSA Budget And Workforce
https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/black-budget-summary-details-us-spy-networks-successes-failures-and-objectives/2013/08/29/7e57bb78-10ab-11e3-8cdd-bcdc09410972_story.html
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2013/08/29/your-cheat-sheet-to-americas-secret-intelligence-budget/
https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/DC-Decoder/2013/0829/Edward-Snowden-leaks-again-five-takeaways-from-the-black-budget
https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/black-budget-leaked-by-edward-snowden-describes-nsa-team-that-hacks-foreign-targets/2013/08/30/8b7e684c-119b-11e3-bdf6-e4fc677d94a1_story.html
https://www.govexec.com/defense/2018/08/nsa-director-agency-sells-itself-potential-recruits/150451/