linguistic competence

linguistic performance

The first part is called the lexicon, which consists of the collection of all the words that you know

The second part of your knowledge is made up of all the rules you know about your language, which are stored in the form of a mental grammar.

design features of language.

mode of communication refers to the means by which these messages are transmitted and received

Semanticity is the property requiring that all signals in a communication system have a meaning or a function

Communication systems must also have a pragmatic function: that is, they must serve some useful purpose

Interchangeability refers to the ability of individuals to both transmit and receive messages

Feature of human language is that there are aspects of language that we can acquire only through communicative interaction with other users of the system.
This aspect of language is referred to as cultural transmission

Arbitrariness in Language. It is generally recognized that the words of a language represent a connection between a group of
sounds or signs, which give the word its form, and a meaning, which the form can be said to represent

The combination of a form and a meaning is called a linguistic sign: Form + Meaning = Linguistic Sign

The property of language  that allows us to combine together discrete units in order to create larger communicative units is called discreteness

Displacement is the ability of a language to communicate about things, actions, and ideas that are not present in space or time while speakers are communicating

Productivity refers to a language’s capacity for novel messages to be built up out of discrete units

Auditory-vocal languages may also be referred to as spoken languages

signed languages = visual-gestural

The form of a word, its suffixes and prefixes, therefore helps us determine the syntactic category

Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are all content words

Function words = is, by etc.

Affix bound morphemes,- including prefixes, suffixes, infixes, and circumfixes

expletive infixation = abso-bloomin’-lutely, fan-damn-tastic

circumfix - this type of affix surrounds another morpheme

Root morpheme morpheme to which an affix can attach

Morphological rules that regularly combine certain morphemes are called productive rules

Derivational affix - affix that attaches to a morpheme or word to derive a new word

derivational prefixes usually results in a word of the same category as the word to which the prefix attaches

inflectional affixes, do not change the category of the word to which they attach, nor do they create new dictionary entries

Plurality comes to be expressed through vowel mutation rather than through affixation. Mutated plurals are now considered irregular
because we don’t use the process of mutation to form plurals in Present-Day English, but historically mutations followed a predictable pattern.

There also exist words in English, called pluralia tantum (from Latin, meaning ‘plural as such’), that have a plural -s but refer to a single object

Verbs that express inflection (such as tense) through vowel mutation alone are called strong verbs

Suppletion - process of change whereby one form of a word has no phonological similarity to a related form of that word.