declare @t table (employeeid int, datecol date, status varchar(2) )

insert into @t values (10001, '01-05-2016', 'P'),
(10001, '02-05-2016', 'P'),
(10001, '03-05-2016', 'P'),
(10001, '04-05-2016', 'P'),
(10001, '05-05-2016', 'A'),
(10001, '06-05-2016', 'P'),
(10001, '07-05-2016', 'P'),
(10001, '08-05-2016', 'L'),
(10002, '07-05-2016', 'P'),
(10002, '08-05-2016', 'L')

--select * from @t

select * ,
    SUM(case when status = 'P' then 1 else 0 end) OVER (PARTITION BY   employeeid ORDER BY employeeid, datecol
    ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING
      AND current row)
from
@t

;with cte as
(
    select  employeeid , datecol , ROW_NUMBER() over(partition by employeeid order by employeeid, datecol) rowno
    from
    @t where status = 'P'
)
select t.*, cte.rowno ,
    case when ( isnull(cte.rowno, 0) = 0)
    then LAG(cte.rowno) OVER (ORDER BY t.employeeid, t.datecol)
    else cte.rowno
    end LagValue
from @t t left join cte on t.employeeid = cte.employeeid and t.datecol = cte.datecol
order by t.employeeid, t.datecol

SELECT
    main.EmployeeID,
    main.[Date],
    main.[Status],
    (
        SELECT SUM(CASE WHEN t.[Status] = 'P' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)
        FROM [TableName] t
        WHERE t.EmployeeID = main.EmployeeID AND t.[Date] <= main.[Date]
    ) as TotalPresent
FROM [TableName] main
ORDER BY
    main.EmployeeID,
    main.[Date]

select *
, (select count(retail) from p g
   where g.date <= p.date and g.id = p.id and retail = 'P')
from p
order by ID, Date;