2016-06-18 Saturday: 8 Weird news

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
“2016-06-18 Saturday: 8 Weird news”
This is the same level and book as the “Core” class.
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Homework: Write a description of your hometown similar to the one on p. 89.
	p. 98 parts 2, 3, 4, 5 (about the reading on p. 99)
part 2
1 the theory that she could have crashed on Nikumaroro and later died
2 DNA testing
3 It will prove that the bone is Earhart’s, and that she died on Nikumaroro.
  (If it were successful, it would prove this, but it probably can’t succeed.)
part 3
1 His family is partially funding the project.
2 There are no known samples of her hair.
3 99% of human DNA is identical, so they need to find a large amount of material to test
part 4
1 funding
2 reveal
3 archive
4 ensure
5 assumption
6 profile
7 identical
8 log
part 5
1 theories about Amelia Earhart
2 human
3 envelopes
4 test the DNA effectively
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p. 94 - What do you think these pictures are?
aurora (borealis = north / australis = south) = northern lights / southern lights
part 2 - Complete the sentences with the words from the box. (Use a dictionary if necessary.)
1 Nitrogen, oxygen, atmosphere
2 flies, butterflies, insects
3 Radiation
4 Ants, beetles
5 stem
6 Particles
7 Predators, species
8 spikes
Spikes are on the leaves.
Thorns are on the stem (for example of a rose) or branches.
Needles are on a pine tree.
Spines are on a cactus.
The vertical part of a tree is the trunk (not stem).
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part 4 - Listen to the descriptions of the pictures and decide if these statements are true or false.
1 F
2 T
3 T
4 T
5 F
6 T
“and so on” = “et cetera” (which we write as etc.)
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Grammar: modals for speculation and conclusions

p. 95 part 6 - Match the sentences with the explanations.
1 They can’t be natural. - b - I’m sure something is impossible.
2 They must be man-made. - a - I’m sure something is true.
3 This might be a painting or work of art. - c - It’s possible something is true.
4 It may not seem logical. - d - It’s possible something is false.
They must not know about the plant. - I’m sure something is false.

She must not be at home. = I’m pretty sure she’s not at home.
	(For example, I knocked on her door and no one answered.)
She can’t be at home. = I think it’s impossible she’s at home.
	(For example, she was at school 15 minutes ago, and she lives an hour away.)
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well (adverb) - She cooks well. He speaks English well. I play piano well.
good (adjective) - Her food is good. His English is good. I am good at piano.
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He may be dead. = Our expectation is that he’s alive, but it’s possible that he’s dead.
He may not be dead. = Our expectation is that he’s dead, but it’s possible that he’s alive.
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p. 166 practice 1 - Complete the sentences with “must”, “must not”, “may”, “may not”, or “can’t”
(may = might, may not = might not, for this grammar)
2 may be (= might be = could be)
3 must not live / must not be living
4 may have (= might have = could have)
5 must recognize
6 can’t be (= couldn’t be) [Spiders have 8 legs.]
7 may not see (= might not see) (“any” usually goes with negative sentences -> not)
8 must be coming
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Remember: modal + base form (+ another form sometimes)
He must be making lunch right now. (be + verb(ing) = continuous)
It must be made of wood. (be + past participle = passive)
They must have eaten already. (have + past participle = perfect, which makes it about the past)
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BREAK
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p. 96 part 1 - Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
1 ancient / sacred
2 period
3 prehistoric (= before history / before anything was written)
4 century
5 sacred (holy, important for religion)
6 society
belief = something that people believe
tradition = something that people do and have done for a long time

In your opinion, what were some key historical events of the 20th century?
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Read the article about the Nazca lines in Peru

Which sentences talk about possible explanations for the lines?
The lines must have been part of an astronomical calendar.
They might have been ancient Inca roads or irrigation systems.
They could have been landing strips for alien spacecraft.
The Nazca lines may have been part of a long tradition of ceremonial activities.

What four other sentences are speculations or conclusions about the past?
The Nazca people couldn’t have seen them from above.
Water must have had incredible significance to these societies.
This must have seemed an astonishing, even sacred phenomenon.
The same group of people can’t have created them.
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Modals for speculation and conclusions about the past:
modal + have + past participle

They couldn’t have been natural. - I’m sure something was impossible.
They must have been man-made. - a - I’m sure something was true.
This might have been a painting or work of art. - It’s possible something was true.
It may not have seemed logical. - It’s possible something was false.
They must not have known about the plant. - I’m sure something was false.

She must not have been at home. = I’m pretty sure she was not at home.
	(For example, I knocked on her door and no one answered.)
She couldn’t have been at home. = I think it’s impossible she was at home.
	(For example, she was at school 15 minutes earlier, and she lives an hour away.)
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p. 97 part 8 - Write sentences with the same meanings that use this grammar.
1 Water can’t have been easy to find.
2 The rivers might have dried up.
3 The lines must have been very important.
4 The lines may have had a religious significance.
5 The animal drawings couldn’t have been roads.
6 The animals must have lived in the region.
7 The Nazca people could have used simple tools.
8 People must have maintained the lines carefully.
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The handout has five “mysterious” objects from the past. With your group, speculate on what they might have been, what they couldn’t have been, etc.

This might have been used as a map.
They might have used this as a map.
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p. 100 part 1 - What do you expect to read about for each headline?
forged = fake
Listen and identify which headline each one is about.
part 2 - Then listen again and answer the questions.
1st conversation - b
1 The white color of the sheep reflects the sun and causes global warming
2 no
3 April 1
2nd conversation - a
1 The blue 20-euro notes are fake.
2 yes
3 April 1
3rd conversation
1 Gas is cheap, so she put gas in the diesel car.
2 yes
3 April 1

April 1st is April Fool’s Day, during which many Americans try to trick each other or play jokes.
http://hoaxes.org/aprilfool - top 100 April Fool’s fake headlines and TV news
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Homework: test