1516 sem 1

Singapore and part of this export base economies strategy immediately after Independence due to a few reasons. The first being Singapore School limitations in terms of size. Due to Singapore small-size, she's unable to obtain enough critical mass to sustain an import basic economy. Furthermore, due to a lack of Natural Resources such as tin, rubber and oil singapore was unable to produce and sell any raw materials thus we had to move on to an export based economy. The reason why we LeapFrogged the region and went instead to attracting foreign investments and mnc's was because in the 1960s Singapore after gained independence, the region was experiencing political instability. Countries like Malaysia were, like Singapore, still reeling from the effects of the communist while countries like Indonesia were unfriendly and infact, even hostile due to the konfrontasi. Therefore, the only logical conclusion was to be brought the region and atractive mncs. MNC and foreign investments had a bonus which was, them coming already developed economies rather than developing economies. This means that their capital and Investments to be pumped in Singapore's economy could be substantially higher than the regions.

The advantage of Singapore had was that Singapore had a relatively stable political scene as compared to the countries around us. This and the fact that there was not much political opposition, allowed the government to set up boards such as the EDB to deal with economic Investments. With the EDB Singapore had a dedicated board which helped to implement policies that were made attractive to investors such as the tax holiday for new firms investing in the country. The government also had a unique development model in which the government entrepreneurs, the state was the company and the people were the workers. This allowed them to use resources of the entire state. Doing this means the investors would be confident that they had the support of the government and the people.

Singapore built a common identity through various shared experiences. From the beginning, all singaporeans go through the same minimal education primary and secondary school. This is followed by national service for the males and followed by the workforce for both males and females. Furthermore, with the HDB living spaces, most singaporeans will have gone through a similar living experience as well. With Ministries such as the ministry for culture, community & Youth set up by the government, it also helps to build a common identity.

It was important for us to build and maintain ethnic identity due to Social and economic reasons. For social it was because of PAP's v own ideology. They felt that did they not want to many Western values they felt that Asian values were the part of the reason why Japan was able to expand so fast economically. And example in case, should workers pay be cut in the West, will most likely go on strike. However were the same happen to someone in Asia, the person with just tighten their belt and carry on. Thus to have a more discipline worker, PAP preferred to promote ethnic identity so as not to lose our Asian values. In terms of economic, countries like China and India were opening up the economy. Should we retain our ethnic identity, we would be able to do business better and understand their culture and language as compared to the Westerners, hence it will help the economy

With regards to the ethical issues, there are four ethical theories that can be applied. Namely, utilitarianism, duty ethics, rights ethics and virtue ethics. For utilitarianism, it is weighing out all the factors of the matter and just balancing them out into pros and cons regardless of the rights our wrongs of it. One example of utilitarianism is cost benefit analysis. This is probably what x has used and will be further elaborated later on. For Duty ethics, it is a duty that should be performed whether it leads to the most good. In this example, he has a duty to treat others fairly. for right ethics, customers have the right to a working product as they have paid for it. Lastly, is virtue. Virtue is when good character traits are manifested. In this case, honesty should be used. In this particular case, the company X has applied utilitarianism in the sense of cost-benefit analysis because replacement printer cartridges account for 50% of the revenue with profit margins about 60%. On the other hand, x believes that just does provide a better service and better Printing experience for customers. For duty, as an engineer, Tom has a duty to treat others fairly. thus by not providing compensation to affected customers, it is a breach in Duty ethics as he has a duty to treat others fairly. For rights ethics there is also a breach as the customer has a right to a working product that they have bought as evidence from, low on ink for toner and ink messages are sent when there is sufficient ink in the cartridge. Lastly, it is a breach in virtue ethics. There is a breach as he is not being honest as the smart chip will render the cartridge inoperable on shit down date which is not disclosed to buyers. All the ethical theories are convergent thus there is a breach in ethics. Tom should bring this matter up to a higher superviosr and get the supervisor's permission to let customers know about the shutdown date at a minimum. He should also attempt to negotiate for either compensation or an exchange of faulty cartridges.

Hi supervisor is breaching a few ethical theories. For utilitarianism, he is only thinking of his affected bonus and not thinking of how it affects X's customers as a whole. For duty ethics, there is a breach, because, similar to Tom, he has a duty to ensure that other are treated fairly. By only thinking of himself and his bonus and not how his customers feel, there is a breach in duty. Next, there is a breach in virtue as his supervisor is not being honest and responsible for the faults in the chips. Instead, customers are made to pay for the mistakes. Lastly is rights ethics. The customers have a right to a working product that they paid for and by neglecting their compensation, there is a breach of rights. Thus all these ethical theories are convergent and there is a breach of ethics. Tom should inform his supervisor that it is a breach of ethics to be doing all these things and also let him know, should nothing be done about it, he would be bringing this matter higher.

Tom can suggest to the management to either give customers a choice in using the smart chip technology or using re-cycled cartridges. This would be the creative middle ground where the environment can be saved and X can still make profits on the smart chips. To convice them, Tom can use the environmental theory where the need to maintain a constant capital is crucial to inter-generational sustainability of the Earth. Using re-cycled cartridges is thus better as less natural capital is used to produce new cartridges.

Duties of the occupier, employer and employee under section 11,12 and 15 of the WSHA have been breached respectively. Duties of the occupier have been breached because the duty of the occupier is to ensure a safe work environment as far as possible. In the statement, it mentions that the oily patch was accidentally spilt on the floor. Assumptions have been made that since they know it is accidental and yet did not clean it up, the occupier did not ensure a safe workplace. Next is the duty of the employer. The duty of the employer is to ensure a safe work process as much as possible. Assumptions have been made that since the employee was rushing to deliver a package, the time frame that he was given to deliver the package was not reasonable, hence the need to rush. This means that the work process is not safe. Thus the duty of the employer was breached. Lastly would be the duty of the employee. The employee himself has breached a duty as he has committed a negligent and possibly dangerous act by rushing in the factory. Should he have knocked into others or machinery, harm could have been brought to others instead. Thus by rushing in the factory, he was comitting a negligent act and breached the employee's duty. To claim maximum compensation, he should claim through a civil lawsuit rather than WICA as there are no limits to amounts in a civil lawsuit. However, he would need to prove that the employeer and the occupier rather than himself are at fault.