mitigate	使緩和、減輕
v. make (sth) less severe, violent or painful; moderate

anomalous	反常的、不規則的
[類]aberrant, deviant, heteroclite, preternatural
adj. different from what is normal; irregular

sanguine	自信樂觀的
[類]confident, optimistic
adj. (about sth/that...)hopeful; optimistic

meticulous	小心翼翼地、一絲不苟的
adj. giving or showing great precision and care; very attentive to detail

undermine	削弱
v. make a hollow or tunnel beneath (sth); weaken at the base

innocuous	(行為、言論)無害的
adj. causing no harm

specious	似是而非的、華而不實的
adj. seeming righter true but actually wrong or false

conventional	傳統的、習慣的、慣例的
adj. (often defog) based on convention

rationale	根本原因、邏輯依據
n. fundamental reason for or logical basis of sth

iconoclastic	偶像破壞的、打破舊習的

forestall	先發制人、預先阻止
v. act before so as to prevent him from doing sth

champion	為...而戰、支持、捍衛
v. to fight or speak publicly in support of (a person, belief, cause, etc.)

esoteric	圈內人才明白的、神秘難懂的
adj. likely to be understood by only those with a special knowledge or interest; mysterious; obscure

paucity	少數、缺乏
[反] profusion(大量), plethora(過剩)
n. (fml) smallness of number or quantity

paradox	悖論、似是而非的議論
n. statement that seems to be absurd or contradictory but is or may be true

confound	使混亂、使困惑
[類] perplex
v. puzzle and surprise (sb); perplex

enigma	難以理解的事物、謎
[類] conundrum
n. question, person, thing, circumstance, etc that is difficult to understand; mystery

innocence	無辜、清白
n. quality or state of being innocent

opaque	不透明的、難懂的
adj. not allowing light to pass through; not transparent

belie	掩蓋、與...不一致
[類] mask
v. give a false idea of (something); show (something) to be false or wrong

pragmatic	務實的
adj. treating things in a sensible and realistic way; concerned with practical results

thwart	阻撓、阻礙
[反] foment(煽動), bolster(支持)
v. prevent doing what he intends; oppose ( a plan, etc) successfully

superfluous	多餘的、累贅的
adj. more than is needed or wanted

repudiate	否認、拒絕、拋棄
[類] reject(拒絕), recant(撤回自己主張)
v. refuse to have any more to do with (sb); disown

redundant	多餘的、累贅的
adj. not needed; superfluous; unnecessary

capricious	變化無常的、任性的
[類]erratic
adj. characterized by sudden changes in attitude or behavior; unpredictable; impulsive

eschew	避開
v. keep away from (sth); abstain from; avoid

sporadic	零星的
[類]occasional, infrequent, irregular
[反]incessant, constant
adj. happening or seen only occasionally or in a few places; occurring irregularly

taciturn	沈默的
[反]loquacious(多話的), prolix(囉唆的)、voluble(多話的)
adj. saying very little; uncommunicative

exacerbate	加重、惡化
v. make (pain, disease, a situation) worse; aggravate

discern	(費力地)識別、看出
v. see clearly (with the senses or the mind), esp with an effort

preclude	避免、排除
v. sb from doing sth prevent (sth, or sb doing sth); make (sth) impossible

cynical	憤世忌俗的、自私的
adj. of or like a cynic

perfunctory	草率的、敷衍的
adj. (of an action) done as a duty or routine, without care or interest

lucid	清楚易懂的、明晰的
[類] limpid
adj. clearly expressed; easy to understand

apathetic	無感情的
[類] n. apathy
adj. showing or felling apathy

contentious	好辯的、善爭吵的
[類]n. contention 爭論、爭辯, v. content 競爭、主張
exhibiting an often perverse and wearisome tendency to quarrels and disputes

mundane	平凡的、乏味的
adj. ordinary and typically unexciting

panacea	萬靈丹
n. remedy for all diseases or troubles

polemical	爭論的、辯論的
[類]polemic, controversial
[反]conciliatory(撫慰調和的)
adj. of polemics

qualify	使有資格、限制
v. (sb)(for/as sth) have or give (sb) the qualities, training, etc that are necessary or suitable (for sth)

reticent	無言的、沈默的
adj. not revealing one's thoughts or feelings easily; reserved

inimical	有敵意的、不合的
adj. (fml) unfriendly; hostile

arbitrary	專橫的、不理智的
adj. based on personal opinion or impulse, not on reason

augment	增加
v. make (sth) larger in number or size; increase

disdain	輕蔑、鄙視
[類] scorn, despise, spurn
[反] respect, admire, praise
n. feeling that sb/sth is not good enough to deserve one's respect; contempt

orthodox	正統的、傳統的、習俗的、通常的
adj. generally accepted or approved

obfuscate	使困惑、使迷糊
v. (deliberately) make (sth) confused or difficult to understand

disingenuous	不誠實的、虛偽的
adj. insincere, esp in pretending that one knows less about sth than one really does

conjecture	推測、臆測
v. (fml) form (and express) an opinion not based on firm evidence; guess

pellucid	清晰的、清澈的
[類]limpid
adj. transparentor translucent; very clear

disparate	不同的、異類的
adj. so different in kind or degree that they cannot be compared

explicit	詳盡的、清楚的、明確的
adj. (of a statement, etc) clearly and fully expressed

scrutinize	詳細檢查、細讀
examine closely and critically

synthesize	綜合、合成

trepidation	恐懼、惶恐
n. great worry or fear about sth unpleasant that may happen

pervasive	瀰漫的、遍佈的
adj. present and perceived everywhere; pervading

fastidious	挑剔的、過分講究的
adj. selecting carefully; choosing only what is good

ostensible	外表的、假裝的
[類]apparent(表面上的), plausible(似乎是真的), specious(似是而非的)
[反] actual
adj. stated though perhaps not true; apparent

trivial	瑣碎的、微不足道的
adj. that has little importance

idiosyncratic	有氣質的、有特性的

eclectic	折衷的、綜合性的
adj. (of people, beliefs, etc) not restricted to one source of ideas, etc, but choosing from or using a wide range

laconic	簡短的
adj. using few words; terse

partisan	(黨派)支持者、黨徒
n. enthusiastic and often uncritical supporter of a person, group or cause

suppress	鎮壓、抑制
v. put an end to (sth), esp by force; crush

erudite	博學的
adj. having or showing great learning; scholarly

abstruse	深奧的、難懂的
adj. difficult to understand

ambivalent	矛盾的
adj. having or showing mixed feelings about a certain object, person or situation

veritable	確實的、名副其實的
adj. rightly named or called; real

arcane	秘密的、深奧難懂的
requiring secret or mysterious knowledge

paradigm	範例、典範
n. set of all the different forms of a word

sarcastic	諷刺的、挖苦的
adj. of or using sarcasm

audacious	大膽的、無謂的、愚勇的
[類]daredevil
adj. showing a willingness to take risks; daring; fearless

benign	良性的、無害的
adj. kindly; gentle

candid	率直的
adj. not hiding one's thoughts; frank and honest

condemn	責難、譴責
v. sb/sth say that one disapproves of sb/sth

equivocal	模稜兩可的、不明確的、不確定的
adj. having a double or doubtful meaning; ambiguous

aesthetic	美學的、有審美感的

engender	使產生、引起
v. be the cause of (a situation or condition)

ameliorate	使改善、改進
[類]v. meliorate 改進、改善
v. (cause sth to) become better

comprehensive	全面的、綜合的
adj. that includes everything

circumscribe	限制
v. restrict (sth) within limits; confine

antithetical	相反的、對立的
[類] n. antithetical

verified	檢驗的、核實的
verify: to prove to be true; confirm; substantiate

vitiate	削弱、破壞、損害
v. weaken or spoil the quality or efficiency of (sth)

adulation	諂媚、奉承
[類] v. adulate
[反] n. opprobrium 譴責、咒罵

garrulous	喋喋不休的
[類] talkative, loquacious, voluble, verbose
[反] taciturn, reticent, concise
adj. talking too much, esp about unimportant things

loathe	痛恨
v. feel great hatred or disgust for (sb/sth)

whimsical	怪誕的、異想天開的、反覆無常的
adj. full of whimsy; fanciful, playful or capricious

zealous	熱情的、狂熱的
adj. full of zeal; eager

deft	靈巧的
adj. skillful and quick, esp with the hands

benefactor	行善者、捐助者
n. person who gives money or other help to a school, hospital, charity, etc

reciprocity	相互性、互惠
n. principle or practice of mutual exchange, esp of making concessions or granting privileges, etc in return for concessions or privileges received

solicit	懇求、請求、招攬
v. ask for earnestly; try to obtain (sth)

recondite	深奧的(隱藏起來不外露)
adj. (of subjects) like known or understood; obscure

preempt	已先買權取得、取代
to replace with something considered to be of greater value or priority; take precedence over

homogeneous	同種的、同值得
adj. formed of parts that are all of the same type

ingenuous	純樸的、單純的
adj. not attempting to deceive or conceal; open ; innocent

insular	島嶼的、心胸狹窄的
adj. of an island

relinquish	放棄、廢除
v. give up or cease to practice, feel, etc (sth); abandon

elude	逃避、躲避
v. escape (sb/sth), esp by a trick or cleverness; avoid

magnanimous	寬大的、有雅量的
adj. having or showing great generosity

plenitude	充分、完全
[類] abundance
a full supply

precarious	不穩的、危險的
adj. depending on chance; uncertain

approbation	稱讚、認可、批准
[類] a. approbatory
[反] disapprobation
n. approval; consent

pugnacious	愛爭吵的、愛鬥爭的
adj. inclined or eager to fight; aggressive

corroborate	證實、確證
[類] a. corroborative 確證的
v. confirm or give support to

transcendent	超越的、卓越的

circumspect	慎重的、謹慎小心的
adj. considering everything carefully before acting; cautious; wary

tendentious	有偏見的、傾向性的
adj. (of a speech, a piece of writing, etc) aimed at helping a cause; not impartial

temperate	(氣候)溫和的、(飲食)適度的
adj. behaving with temperance; showing self-control

intrigue	密謀、引起極大興趣
v. (against sb) make and carry out secret plans or plots to do sth bad

extravagant	奢侈的、揮霍的
adj. using or spending too much; (of actions) showing this tendency

verbose	囉唆的、冗長的
[類] prolix(囉唆的), superflous(多餘的、過剩的)
adj. using or containing more words than are needed

obviate	排除、消除(困難)
v. remove (sth); get rid of

abridge	縮短、刪節
v. make shorter, esp by using fewer words; condense

analogous	可類比的、類似的
[類] n. analogy
adj. partially similar or parallel; offering an analogy

discontinuity	不連續性、不一致

intrinsic	本質的、固有的
adj. belonging naturally; existing within, not coming form outside

lugubrious	悲傷的(尤指誇張地)、憂鬱的
adj. dismal; morunful

lurid	聳人聽聞的、可怕的
adj. having bright glaring colours or combinations of colour

substantiate	證實
v. give facts to support (a claim. statement, etc); prove

torpor	麻木的、無精打采、遲鈍
[反]ardor(熱心、熱情)
n. torpid condition

truculent	好鬥的、殘酷的
adj. defiantand aggressive

ubiquitous	無所不在的
[類] omnipresent, universal
adj. (seeming to be) present everywhere or in several places at the same time

prodigal	非常浪費的、揮霍的
[類]extravagant, profligate, spendthrift, squandering
[反] economical, frugal, thrifty
adj. spending money or resources too freely; extravagant

articulate	清楚表達的、口齒伶俐的
adj. able to express one's ideas clearly in words

authoritative	權威的、官方的、專斷的
adj.having authority; that can be trusted; reliable

censure	責備、譴責
v. sb criticize sb severely; rebuke sb formally

reconcile	和解、調和
to make consistent or congruous

excoriate	痛責、剝(皮)
to censure scathingly

didactic	說教的、教導的
adj. intended to teach

equivalent	相等的、等值的
adj. equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc

conformity	一致、遵從、順從

frivolous	輕浮的、草率的
adj. not sensible or serious; foolish and light-hearted

ingenious	聰明的、有發明天才的
adj. (at sth/doing sth)(of a person) clever at finding new or simple solutions for complex problems

germane	有密切關係的、貼切的
[類] fitting
adj. (fml) relevant

abhorrent	可恨的、討厭的
adj. disgusting; hateful

transitory	短暫的、瞬息的
[類] temporary
adj. lasting for only a short time; transient

objective	客觀的
[類] n. objectivity
adj. not influenced by personal feelings or opinions; unbiased; fair

loquacious	多話的、非常健談的
[類] garrulous, talkative
[反] laconic, reticent, taciturn
adj. fond talking; talkative

mediocre	平凡的、平庸的
[類] common
adj. not very good; second-rate

disparage	貶抑、輕蔑
[類] slight
v. suggest, esp unfairly, that is of little value or importance

impartial	公平的、無私的
adj. not favoring one person or thing more than another; fair or neutral

antipathy	反感、厭惡
[類] animosity, animus, antagonism, rancor
[反] affection(友愛)
settled aversion or dislike; distaste

dispassionate	不被感情所動的、冷靜的
adj. not influenced by emotion; impartial

perpetuate	使永存不朽、使不朽
v. cause to continue

plausible	貌似真實的、貌似有理的
[反] implausible
adj. seeming to be right or reasonable; believable

imprudent	不謹慎的、輕率的、魯莽的
[反] prudent
adj. not wise or discreet; not prudent

rigid	嚴格的、剛硬的
adj. stiff; not bending or yielding

condescending	屈尊的

inconsequential	不重要的、微不足道的
adj. trivial or irrelevant; not important

subside	(房屋)下線、平息
v. sink to a lower or to the normal level

restrain	克制、抑制
v. sb/sth hole back sb/sth from movement action; keep sb/sth under control or in cheek

portend	預示、預先警告
v. be a sign or warning of (sth in the future); foreshadow

transitory	短暫的、一直的
adj. lasting for only a short time; transient

improvise	即興創作、即興表演
[類] extemporize
v. compose or play (music), speak or act without previous preparation

bolster	v. 支持、鼓勵、增強 n. 長枕
n. long pillow, use shaped like a roll, across the head of a bed

disinterested	無私的
[類] impartial
[反] prejudiced, factional
adj. not influenced by personal feelings or interests; unbiased

fathom	噚(水深單位)、理解、了解原因
[反] a. unfathomable 難以理解的、高深莫測的
n. measure of the depth of water, 61.8

flout	藐視、輕蔑、嘲笑
v. disobey openly and scornfully

frugal	節約的、簡樸的
[類] thrifty, economical, sparing
[反] profligate, extravagant
adj. careful and thrifty, esp with money and food

hackneyed	陳腐的
adj. used so often that is has become trite and dull

lethargic	瞌睡的、愛睡的
adj. hot weather makes me lethargic

parsimonious	吝嗇的、過於儉省的
[反] profligate(肆意揮霍的)
adj. very careful in spending money or using resources, mean

peculiar	奇怪的、罕見的、古怪的

prerequisite	不可或缺的、事先需要的
adj. (infml) required as a condition (for sth)

shun	避開、躲開
[類] avoid, dodge, duck
v. keep away from (sth/sb); avoid

spurious	假的、站不住腳的、欺騙性的
adj. not genuine or authentic; false or fake

supplement	補充、增加
n. thing added to sth else to improve or complete it

vacillate	猶豫不決
[類] waver, hestitate
v. (fml usu derog) keep changing one's mind; move backwards and forwards between two emotions

exigent	緊急的、要求多的
[類] critical,acute
adj. requiring immediate action; urgent

altruism	利他主義
n. principle of considering the welfare and happiness of others before one's own; unselfishness

inept	無能的、不恰當的
adj. (at sth/doing sth) completely unskillful (at sth)

concede	承認、讓步
[類] n. concession 讓步
v. sth admit that sth is true, valid, proper, etc

precedent	在先的、在前的
n. earlier decision, case, event, etc that is regarded as an example or rule for what comes later

precursor	先驅、先兆
n. (of sth) person or thing that comes before sth; forerunner

facetious	輕浮的、好開玩笑的
adj. intended to be amusing, often inappropriately

deference	尊敬
[類] respect
[反] effrontery (厚顏無恥、放肆)
n. giving way to the views, wishes, etc of others, use out of respect; respect

peripheral	外圍的、周邊的、邊緣的
adj. of secondary or minor importance (to sth)

diffuse	四散、擴散、雜亂的
v. spread all around; send out in all directions

congenial	意氣相投的、性情好的
adj. pleasing because of similarities in temperament, interests, etc

aggrandize	加大、強化
to make appear great or greater; praise highly

alleviate	緩和、減輕
[類] mitigate
v. make less severe; ease

lucrative	賺錢的、有利可圖的
adj. producing much money; profitable

innovative	創新的
adj. introducing or using new ideas, techniques, etc

anonymity	匿名、作者不詳
[類] adj. anonymous
n. state of being anonymous

compatible	和諧共處的、相容的
adj. (of people, ideas, arguments, principles, etc) suited; that can exist together

impede	妨礙、阻礙、阻止
v. hinder or obstruct the progress or movement of

pedestrian	徒步的、缺乏想像的
n. person walking in the stree

impetuous	性急的、魯莽的、衝動的
adj. acting or done quickly and with little thought or care; rash or impulsive

complacent	滿足的、自滿的
adj. (use derog) calmly satisfied with oneself, one's work, etc

inexplicable	無法說明的、難以理解的、莫名其妙的
adj. that cannot be explained

replicate	摺疊、複製
v. be or make a copy of (sth); reproduce

apprehend	理解、逮捕、恐懼
v. seize (sb); arrest

pristine	原始的、清新的、純樸的
adj. in its original condition; unspoilt

derivative	非原創的、衍生的
adj. derived from sth else; not original

conscientious	盡責的、小心謹慎的
adj. careful to do what one ought to do, and do it as well as one can

assert	斷言、主張
[類] n. assertion; a. assertive
v. make others recognize (sth) by behaving firmly and confidently

consistent	始終如一的、前後一致的
adj. (of a person, his behavior, his views, etc) always keeping to the same pattern or style; unchanging

insolent	粗魯無禮的、傲慢的
adj. extremely rude, esp in expressing contempt

conspicuous	顯著的、顯而易見的
adj. easily seen; noticeable; remarkable

distortion	扭曲、曲解
n. distorting or being distorted

intricate	複雜難懂的
adj. made up of many small parts put together in a complex way, and therefore difficult to follow or understand

inadvertent	不注意的、怠慢的
adj. done without thinking or not deliberately

viable	可行的、能活下去的
adj. sound and workable; feasible

buoyant	能浮起的、看漲的、繁榮的
adj. (of an object) able to float

empiricism	經驗主義、經驗論
n. use of empirical methods

exuberant	熱情的、豐富的、繁茂的
[類] n. exuberance
adj. overflowing with happiness and excitement; very lively and cheerful

fickle	易變的、無常的
[類] capricious
adj. often changing; not constant

inhibited	拘謹的、綁手綁腳的
adj. (of people) unable to relax or express one's feelings in a natural and spontaneous way

intelligible	可理解的
adj. that can be understood

opprobrium	辱罵
n. public disgrace and shame

pretentious	自命不凡的
[類] n. pretention 自負、做作
adj. claiming merit or importance; pompous or showy

rancor	仇恨、激烈的憎惡
bitter deep-seated ill will

reiterate	重申、反覆說
v. say or do (sth) again or repeatedly

restive	不安寧的、焦躁不安的
adj. restless or uneasy

undercut	削弱
n. (meat cut from the ) underside of sirloin

veneration	尊敬
regard with deep respect

acrimonious	尖刻的、嚴厲的
adj. bitter

acrimony	尖刻、刻薄
[反] civility, comity
n. bitterness of manner or words

exacting	嚴格的、嚴厲的
adj. making great demands; requiring great effort

antagonistic	敵對的、對抗性的

apt	適合的、易於...的、有...傾向的
adj. suitable, appropriate

embellish	美化、裝飾
v. sth make sth beautiful by adding ornaments, etc

recapitulate	扼要重述、蓋誇
v. state again or summarize the main points of

captious	吹毛求疵的
[類] carping
adj. fond of criticizing or raising objections about unimportant matters; quibbling

excavate	挖掘、挖出
v. make (a hole or channel) by digging; remove (soil, etc) by digging

censorious	好批評的、好吹毛求疵的
adj. tending to find faults in people or things; severely critical

anachromistic	時代錯誤的

encumber	妨礙、拖累
to impede or hamper the function or activity of; hinder

dichotomy	二分法、矛盾、分歧
n. (fml) separation into or between two groups or things that are opposed, entirely different, etc

dogmatism	教條主義
n. (quality of) being dogmatic

adequate	足夠的
[反] inadequate
adj. satisfactory in quantity or quality; sufficient

feckless	無效的、無能的
adj. inefficient; irresponsible

grandiose	宏偉的、誇大的
[類] pompous 誇大的, grand(壯麗的)
adj. planned on a large scale; (intended to seem_ imposing

incongruous	不協調的、不一致的
adj. strange because not in harmony with the surrounding features; out of place

emulate	效法、模仿
v. sb (fml) try to do as well as or better than sb

judicious	有判斷力的、明智的
adj. showing or having good sense

mandate	命令、指令
[類] a. mandatory
n. (to do sth) authority given to a party, trade union, etc by the people who support it

mandatory	命令的、強迫的
adj. required by law; compulsory

mendacious	虛偽的、說謊的
[類] n. mendacity 虛偽
adj. untruthful; lying

abnegate	否認、放棄
vt. to give up (rights or a claim, for example); renounce

notoriety	惡名昭彰、聲名狼藉
n. fame for being bad in some way

optimistic	樂觀的
adj. expecting the best; confident

impassioned	充滿激情的、慷慨激昂的、熱烈的
[類] a. impassionate 充滿熱情的
adj. showing strong deep feeling

expedient	方便的、權宜的
adj. useful, helpful or advisable for a particular purpose, though not necessarily fair or moral

compelling	令人注目的、強制的
adj. extremely interesting and exciting, so that one has to pay attention

implacable	不能安撫的、難和解的
adj. that cannot be changed or satisfied

duplicity	欺騙、口是心非
n. deliberate deception

salutary	有益的、有益健康的
[反] a. salubrious
adj. having a good effect

schism	分裂
n. strong disagreement, esp in a religious organization over doctrine, in which one group stops recognizing the authority of the other

consensus	意見一致
n. agreement in opinion; collective opinion

insipid	沒有味道的、清淡的
adj. having almost no taste or flavour

consolidate	鞏固、堅強、合併
v. become more solid, secure, or strong

detached	分開的、超然的、不受影響的
[類] v. detach 分開、拆卸
adj. not influenced by others; impartial

abstemious	有節制的、節儉的
adj. not taking much food or drink; not self-indulgent; moderate

intimidate	威嚇、脅迫
v. sb frighten sb (in order to make him do sth)

monotonous	單調的、無聊的
adj. not changing and therefore uninteresting; boring or tedious

intractable	倔強的、難管的
[類] recalcitrant, intransigent
[反] tractable, docile
adj. not easily controlled or dealt with; hard to manage

evade	逃避、規避
v. get or keep out of the way of

evanescent	逐漸消失的、短暫的
[類] ephemeral, transient, fugacious
adj. quickly fading; soon disappearing from memory

vapid	無味的、走了味的
adj. dull or uninteresting

virtuosity	精湛的技巧、高潮
n. skill of a virtuoso

artful	狡猾的
adj. cunningly clever at getting what one wants; crafty

astute	敏銳的、精明的
adj. clever and quick at seeing how to gain an advantage; shrewd

austere	嚴厲的、簡樸的
adj. severely and strictly moral; having no pleasures or comforts

avarice	貪得無厭、貪婪
n. greed for wealth or gain

banal	陳腐的、平庸的
[類] dull, stale, hackneyed, commonplace, insipid, trite, vapid, jejune
adj. commonplace; uninteresting

bland	無味的、溫和的、和藹的
adj. gentle or casual in manner; showing no strong emotions; suave

calamity	災難、禍患
[類] disaster, cataclysm
n. serious misfortune or disaster

contest	比賽、爭論
dispute

daunting	令人氣餒的、令人畏懼的

downplay	將...輕描淡寫
debase; lower

ebb	退潮、衰退
v. (of the tide) go out; recede

embody	具體實現、體現
v. sth (in sth) (fml) express or give visible form to (ideas, feelings, etc)

extraneous	多餘的、無直接關係的
adj. not belonging to or directly connected with the subject or matter being dealt with

fluctuate	波動、變動
v. (of a price, number, rate, etc) rise and fall; change irregularly

forbear	忍耐、抑制
n. forbearance

hamper	妨礙、束縛

impenetrable	不能通過的、不能穿透的
[反] penetrable
adj. that cannot be entered, passed through, etc

indulgent	縱容的、溺愛的
adj. inclined to indulge

lament	抱怨、哀悼、悲嘆
[類] mourn, deplore, wail
v. (for/ over sb/sth) feel or espress great sorrow or regret for (sth/sb)

oblivious	未察覺的、健忘的
adj. of/to sth unaware of or not noticing sth; having no memory of sth

provincial	偏狹的
[類] parochial, insular
adj. of a province

quixotic	不切實際的、空想的
[類] impractical
adj. noble, unselfish or gallant in an extravagant or impractical way

stymie	阻礙、妨礙
[類] clog, cramp
n. situation on the green ih which an opponent's ball is between one's own ball and the hole

unctuous	假殷勤的、滑腔油調的
[類] insincere
adj. insincerely earnest or flattering, esp in an oily way

hierarchy	階層、等級制度
n. system with grades of authority or status from the lowest to the highest

callous	無情的、硬結的
[類] heartless
adj. cruelly insensitive or unsympathetic

precede	在...之前、早於
v. come or go before in time, order, rank, etc

elicit	引出、誘出
v. sth (fml) draw (facts, a response, etc) from sb, sometimes with difficulty

clandestine	祕密的、案中的
adj. done secretly, kept secret, surreptitious

conciliatory	撫慰的、調和的

aristocrat	貴族
[類] n. aristocracy 貴族階層
n. member of the aristocracy; nobleman or noblewoman

discrepancy	不同、矛盾
n. difference, failure to agree

discrete	個別的、不連續的
adj. separate, distinct

discretion	謹慎、斟酌
n. quality of being discreet, good judgement

culprit	禍端、犯罪者
n. person who has done sth wrong, offender

curtail	縮減、削減
v. make shorter or less, reduce

condone	原諒、寬恕
v. treat or regard as if it were not serious or wrong, overlook, forgive

adroit	靈巧的、熟練的
[類] dexterous, nimble(敏捷的)
adj. skillful, clever

aberrant	越軌的、異常的
adj. not following the normal or correct way

efficacious	有效的、靈驗的
adj. (not of people producing the desired result effective)

multifaceted	多面向的

profligate	非常浪費的
[類] prodigal
adj. recklessly extravagant or wasteful

formative	形成的、構成的
[類] n. formulation 規劃、構想、公式化
adj. having an important and lasting influence on the development of sb's character

discomfit	使窘迫、使尷尬
v. confuse or embarrass (sb)

profound	深刻的、深奧的
adj. deep, intense or far-reaching, very great

genre	文藝作品之類型
n. particular style or kind, esp of works of art or literature, grouped according to their form or subject mattěr

congruent	適合的、一致的
adj. having the same size and shape

haphazard	無計畫的、任意的、偶然的
[類] chance
adj. without plan or order; random

imperative	必要的、緊急的、極重要的
adj. very urgent or important; needing immediate attention

circuitous	迂迴的、繞圈子的
adj. long and indirect; round about

justify	證明...是正當的、為...辯護、是...的正當理由
v. show that (sb/sth) is right, reasonable or just

proliferate	繁殖、激增
v. produce new growth or offspring rapidly; multiply

allusive	暗指的

delude	欺騙、哄騙
v. sb deliberately mislead sb; deceive sb

luxuriant	繁茂的、肥沃的
adj. growing thickly and strongly; lush

demonstrable	可證明的、顯而易見的
adj. that can be shown or proved

amorphous	無定型的
adj. having no definite shape or form; not organized

demur	表示異議、反對
v. (at sth)(fml) express a doubt (about sth) or an objection (to sth)

negate	取消、否認
v. deny or disprove the existence of (sb/sth)

neutral	中立的、中立國的
adj. not supporting or helping either side in a dispute, contest, war, etc; impartial

ossify	硬化、骨化、使僵化
v. (fml) (cause sth to) become hard like bone; change into bone

partial	局部的、偏袒的

empathy	同理
n. ability to imagine and share another person's feelings, experience, etc

passivity	被動、消極
passive: not active or not participating perceptibly in an activity, organization, etc

impeccable	無懈可擊的、無缺點的
adj. free from mistakes; excellent or faultless

pejorative	貶抑的、輕蔑的
adj. expressing criticism or scorn; derogatory; disparaging

euphemism	委婉的說法
n. use of pleasant, mild or indirect words or phrases in place of more accurate or direct ones

implausible	難以置信的、不像真實的
adj. unlikely to be true; not convincing

apposite	適當的、貼切的
[類] appropriate, apt, relevant, applicable, applicative, applicator, apropos, pertinent
[反] opposite(a.相反的), extraneous(a.無關係的)
adj. (of a remark, etc) very appropriate (for a purpose or an occasion)

deprecate	反對、輕視
v. feel and express disapproval of (sth)

repress	壓抑、抑制、鎮壓
v. restrain or suppress (an impulse); check

primacy	卓越、第一位
n. leading position; pre-eminence

irascible	易怒的、暴躁的
adj. (of a person) easily made angry

rudimentary	基本的、初步的
adj. existing in an imperfect or undeveloped form

salient	顯著的、突出的
[類] conspicuous
adj. most noticeable or important; main

ascendancy	優勢的、統治權、支配力量
n. (position of) having dominant power or control

prescient	有先見的、預知的
adj. knowing about things before they take place; able to see into the future

proscribe	禁止、剝奪...的公權、放逐
v. state officially that (sth) is dangerous or forbidden

obsequious	逢迎的、諂媚的
[類] fawning
adj. (to sb) too willing to obey or serve; too respectful (esp in the hope of getting a reward or favor from sb)

obsolescent	逐漸被廢棄的、即將過時的
adj. becoming out of date,; going out of use

speculate	沈思、思索、投機
v. form opinions without having definite or complete knowledge or evidence; guess

constant	固定的、不變的
adj. going on all the time; happening again and again

obstinate	固執的、倔強的
adj. refusing to change one's opinion or chosen course of action; stubborn

presumptuous	專橫的、自以為是的、冒失地、放肆的
adj. (of a person or his behavior) too bold or self-confident

pertain	屬於、關於
v. to sth (used esp in the continuous tenses) be connected with or relevant to sth

temporal	時間的、世俗的
adj. of worldly affairs, i.e. not spiritual; secular

epitome	典型、摘要
n. thing that shows on a small scale all the characteristics of sth much larger

treacherous	危險的、背叛的、不可靠的
[類] perfidious(背叛的), unreliable(不可靠的)
adj. behaving wither showing treachery

circumvent	迴避、用計謀規避
v. find a way of overcoming or avoiding (sth)

vindicate	為...平反、證明...正確
v. clear (sb/sth) of blame or suspicion

aversion	厭惡、反感
n. strong dislike

advocate	擁護、支持、鼓吹
v. speak publicly in favor of (sth); recommend; support

equivocal	模稜兩可的、不明確的
adj. having a double or doubtful meaning; ambiguous

abet	教唆、唆使、煽動
[類] foment, instigate, provoke
v. sb (in sth) help or encourage sb to commit an offence or do sth wrong

allay	減輕、使平靜
[類] mitigate
v. make (sth) less' relieve

antidote	矯正方法、解毒藥、解毒劑
n. substance that acts against the effects of a poison or disease

arduous	費力的、艱難的
[類] difficult, onerous, laborious
adj. needing much effort or energy; laborious

compromise	妥協、折衷、危急
[類] impair 損害、削弱
n. gibing up of certain demands by each side in a dispute, so that an agreement may be reached which satisfies both to some extent

contempt	輕視、蔑視
[類] disregard
n. (for sb/sth) feeling that sb/sth is completely worthless and cannot be respected

debunk	揭穿、拆去...的假面具
v. show that the reputation of is undeserved or exaggerated

exemplify	是...的典型
v. be a typical example of (sth)

feign	假裝
[類] dissemble, pretend
[反] a. unfeigned 真誠的
v. pretend

forage	糧草、搜尋、掠奪
n. food for horses and cattle

furtive	秘密的、鬼鬼祟祟的
[類] surreptitious, stealthy, sneaky, shifty
adj. done secretly and quietly so as not to be noticed

futile	無意的、無用的

layperson	門外漢、外行

mercurial	反覆無常的
adj. (of people or their moods, etc) often changing

override	否決、不顧、使無效
[類] trample (踩踏、無視)
v. disregard or set aside (sb's opinions, etc)

persistent	堅持不懈的
adj. refusing to give up

plaintive	悲傷的、哀傷的
[類] melancholy
adj. sounding sad; sorrowful

rebuff	回絕、斷然拒絕
[類] snub, reject, sharply
n. unkind or contemptuous refusal or rejection (of an offer, request, friendly gesture, etc); snub

redeem	贖回
v. sth (from sb/sth) buy back sth by paying the required sum; recover sth

revere	尊敬、推從
v. sb/sth (for sth)(fml) feel deep respect or (esp religious) veneration for sb/sth

savor	v. 細細品嚐n. 風味
enjoy; have a distinctive flavor, smell, or quality

scruple	謹慎小心、顧忌猶豫
n. feeling that prevents one from doing or allowing sth that one thinks may be wrong

tedious	冗長乏味的、使人厭煩的
adj. tiresome because of being too long, slow or dull; boring

reactionary	保守的、反動的
n. adj opposing (esp political) progress or reform

nostalgia	思鄉病
n. sentimental longing for things that are past

exalt	讚揚、歌頌
[類] extol, laud
[反] lambaste(嚴厲指責), pan(嚴厲批評), deprecate(輕視、抗議), excoriate(批判), disparage(藐視、貶損), vilify(毀謗)
v. make (sb) higher in rank or greater in power

unanimous	全體一致的
adj. (in sth) all agreeing on a decision or an opinion

adaptive	適應的

authentic	可信的、真實的、可靠的
adj. known to be true or genuine

abate	減輕、減少
[類]n. abatement
v. make or become less

hyperbole	誇張(法)
n. exaggerated statement that is made for special effect and is not meant to be taken literally

accentuate	強調、以重音讀出、加重音符號於
v. make very noticeable or prominent; emphasize

cavalier	騎士、武士、滿不在乎的
n. Cavalier supporter of Charles I in the English Civil War

deceive	欺騙
[類] n. deceit 欺騙、詭計
v. sb/oneself make sb believe sth that is not true (so as to make him do sth); deliberately mislead sb

supercilious	目中無人的
adj. thinking or showing that one thinks one is better than other people; arrogant and disdainful

precipitate	降水、加速、魯莽的
v. cause (sth) to happen suddenly or soon(er); hasten

clairvoyance	超人的洞察力
[類] a. clairvoyant
n. supposed power of seeing in the mind either future events or things that exist or are happening out of sight

cognitive	認知的、感知的
adj. of or relating to cognition

irreconcilable	不能調和的、矛盾的
adj. (with sb/sth)(of people) that cannot be reconciled

credulous	輕信的、易信的
adj. too ready to believe things

discreet	謹慎地、慎重的、考慮周到的
adj. careful or showing good judgment in what one says or does; not too obvious

cumbersome	笨重的、難處理的
adj. heavy and difficult to carry, wear, etc

succumb	屈從、因...死亡
v. (fml) stop resisting (temptation, illness, attack, etc); yield

discursive	散漫的、無層次的、東拉西扯的
adj. wandering from one point to another

subdue	征服、壓制、減輕
v. bring under control by force; defeat

egalitarian	主張人人平等的
n. adj showing or holding a belief in equal rights, benefits, and opportunities for everybody

erratic	反覆無常的、古怪的
adj. irregular or uneven in movement, quality or behavior; unreliable

affable	和藹可親的、容易親近的
adj. polite and friendly

facile	容易做的、膚淺的
adj. easily obtained or achieved (and so not highly valued)

fervent	炙熱的、熱情的
adj. showing warmth and sincerity of feeling; enthusiastic; passionate

configuration	結構、配置、輪廓
n. arrangement of the parts of sth; shape or outline

refute	反駁、駁斥
v. prove to be wrong

gratify	使高興、使滿足
v. (fml) give pleasure or satisfaction to (sb)

exhilarate	使振奮、使高興
v. make feel very happy or lively

humility	謙遜、謙恭
n. humble attitude of mind; modesty

predilection	偏袒、愛好
n. (for sth) special liking (for sth); preference

prolix	囉唆的、冗長的
[類] verbose
adj. (of a speech, writer, etc) using too many words and so boring to listen to or read

underline	在...之下畫線(表重要)

eclipse	日蝕、月蝕、黯然失色、衰退
n. blocking of the light of the sun or of the moon ( where the earth's shadow falls on it)

illusory	幻覺的、夢幻似的、迷惑人的
based on or producing illusion: deceptive

lackluster	無光澤的、呆滯的
lacking brilliance or vitality; lacking luster or shine

remarkable	值得注意的、卓越的
adj. worth noticing or unusual; exceptional

remedy	治療、治療法、藥物
n. (fml) treatment, medicine, etc that cures or relieves a disease or pain

symmetry	對稱、均衡
n. exact match in size and shape between the two halves of sth

prominent	突出的、顯著的、卓越的
adj. jutting out,; projecting

communal	全體共有的、共享的
adj. for the use of all; shared

misnomer	人名誤載、寫錯姓名
n. wrong use of a name, word or description

nostalgia	鄉愁
n. sentimental longing for things that are past

exonerate	免除責任、宣布無罪
to relieve of a responsibility, obligation, or hardship

synoptic	概要的
adj. of or forming a synopsis

ornamental	裝飾的、做裝飾用的

imperative	必要的、緊急的
adj. very urgent or important; needing immediate attention

parody	模仿性嘲弄文章或表演、拙劣的模仿
n. (piece of) speech, writing or music that imitates the style of an author, composer, etc in an amusing and often exaggerated way; comic imitation

peripatetic	到處走的、流動的
[類] itinerant
adj. going from place to place

dispel	驅散、消除
v. drive (sth) away; cause to vanish

penchant	愛好、嗜好
[反] aversion(厭惡)
n. for sth liking or taste for sth

euphoria	心情愉快、興奮
n. intense feeling of happiness and pleasant excitement

depict	描繪、描畫
v. show (sb/sth) as a picture; portray

placid	安靜的、和平的
adj. calm and peaceful; undisturbed

platitude	平凡、陳腔濫調
[類] triteness
n. commonplace remark or statement, esp when it is said as if it were new or interesting

proprietary	私有的
adj. (of goods) manufactured and sold by a particular firm, use under patent

proximity	接近、鄰近
n. (to sth) nearness in space or time; closeness

repugnant	厭惡的、反感的
adj. (fml) causing a feeling of strong opposition or dislike; abhorrent

compulsory	強制性的、命令性的
adj. that must be done; required by the rules, etc; obligatory

acquiescence	默認、默許

quiescent	靜止的、沈默的
adj. inactive; passive; quiet

tranquil	平靜的、安靜地、安寧的
adj. calm, quiet and undisturbed

riveting	有吸引力的、引人入勝的
[類] engrossing
adj. that holds the attention; enthralling

robust	強健的、茁壯的、健全的
adj. vigorous; healthy and strong

arrogant	傲慢的、自大的
adj. behaving in a proud and superior manner; showing too much pride in oneself and too little consideration for others

surrogate	代替品、代理人
n. (fml) person or thing that acts or is used instead of another; substitute

sacrosanct	神聖不可侵犯的
adj. considered too important to be changed, argued about, etc

prescription	命令、指示、規定、法規
n. doctor's written instruction for the composition and use of a medicine

supersede	淘汰、取代
v. take the place of be introduced so as to be used instead of (sth/sb)

disseminate	散步、傳播
v. spread widely

dissipate	使驅散、浪費
v. scatter or vanish

somnolent	想睡的、催眠的
[類] lethargic
adj. almost asleep; sleepy; drowsy

soporific	令人想睡的
n. adj. causing sleep

speculative	投機的、思索的、推測的
adj. concerned with or formed by speculation

aspersion	毀謗、重傷
[類] defamation
slanderous remark

understated	輕描淡寫的、低調的、壓抑的
understate: to state (sth) in restrained terms, often to obtain an ironic effect

outstrip	超過、跑過
v. run faster than (sb in a race) and leave him behind

resurge	再起、復活、復甦
rare

abstain	禁絕、放棄
v. keep oneself from doing or enjoying sth, esp from taking alcoholic drinks; refrain

tenacious	堅持的、頑強的、固執的
adj. sticking or clinging firmly together or to an object

intransigent	不妥協的、不讓步的
adj. unwilling to change one's views or be co-operative; stubborn

utilitarian	功利主義的
adj. designed to be useful rather than luxurious or decorative, etc; severely practical

vacuous	發呆的、愚笨的
adj. showing or suggesting absence of thought or intelligence; inane

veracious	誠實的、真實的
[類] n. veracity 誠實、真實
adj. (of a person) truthful

verisimilitude	逼真
n. appearance or semblance of being true or real

adversary	敵手、對手
n. opponent n a contest; enemy

avert	避免、防止、不開
v. sth turn sth away

subvert	顛覆、推翻
v. destroy the authority of

versatile	多才多藝的、多用途的
adj. turning easily or readily from one subject, skill or occupation to another

revile	辱罵、謾罵、痛斥
v. criticize (sb/sth), in angry and abusive language

envision	想像、預想
to picture to oneself

convoluted	費解的、旋繞的
[類] coiled, spiraled(費解的), intricate(錯綜複雜的)
adj. coiled, twisted

promulgate	散佈、宣揚
v. make (sth) widely known; disseminate

albeit	儘管
conj. although

ascetic	禁慾主義者、苦行者
adj. not allowing oneself pleasures and comforts; having or involving a very austere life

at odds	不同於

berate	痛罵、訓斥
v. scold sharply

caterwaul	嚎叫、尖叫、貓叫春

coerce	強制、迫使
v. sb (fml) make sb do sth by using force or threats; compel sb to do sth

cogent	令人信服的、有說服力的
[類] convincing, compelling
adj. convincing; strong

dabble	涉獵、淺嚐
v. sth splash (hands, feet, etc) around in water

decimate	大量毀壞
v. kill or destroy a large part of (sth)

decry	責難、誹謗
[類] denigrate, deprecate
[反] acclaim, applaud
v. sb/sth (as sth) speak critically of sb/sth to make him/it seem less valuable, useful, etc; disparage sb/sth

defy	反抗、違抗、蔑視
[類] a. defiant 挑釁的、目中無人的
v. disobey or refuse to respect (sb, an authority, etc)

edify	教化、訓誨
[類] didactic (教化的)
v. (fml or joc) improve the mind or character of (sb_

encomium	誇獎、讚揚
[類] eulogy, panegyric(頌揚的)
[反] diatribe(惡罵、誹謗)
n. (fml) very high praise in speech or writing

espouse	支持、擁護
[類] support, advocate
v. give one's support to (a cause, theory, etc)

extol	讚美、頌揚
[類]laud, exalt
[反]lambaste(指責), pan(譴責)
v. sb (as sth) (fml) praise (sb/sth) highly

fleeting	轉瞬的、短暫的
adj. passing quickly; lasting only a short time

foreshadow	預示、預兆
[類] presage
v. be a sign or warning of

fortuitous	偶然的
adj. happening by chance or coincidence

honorific	表示尊敬的

irenic	和平的、

jeopardize	危急
put in danger

latent	潛伏的、潛在的
adj. existing but not yet active, developed or visible

parochial	狹義的、地方性的
[類] provincial, narrow
adj. of or relating to a church parish

rarefied	只有一小群人知道的、稀薄的

scathing	刻薄的、嚴厲的
adj. severe, harsh

shrewd	善於判斷的、精明的、敏銳的
adj. having or showing good judgement and common sense; astute

snobbery	勢利

sound	健全的、完好的

spurn	屏棄、藐視
v. reject or refuse scornfully or contemptuously

substantial	大量的、實在的
adj. large in amount; considerable

trifling	不重要的、微不足道的
adj. unimportant; trivial

tyranny	暴政、專利
n. cruel, unjust or oppressive use of power or authority

universality	普遍性

wane	虧缺、摔落、消失
[類] a. waning 衰退的 = declining
v. show a gradually decreasing area of brightness after being full

acerbic	苦澀的、刻薄的
adj. tasting sour; harsh in language or temper

acumen	精明
n. ability to understand and judge things quickly and clearly; shrewdness

agitated	激動地、不安的
adj. troubled or excited

agony	極大痛苦的
n. extreme mental or physical suffering

protagonist	主驗、主角、主唱者
n. (fml) chief character in a drama; hero

peregrinate	遊歷、旅行

alienation	疏遠、離間

alternative	輪流的、交替的
adj. available in place of sth else; other

amiable	和藹的、親切的
adj. showing and inspiring friendliness; pleasant and good-tempered

enamored	迷戀的
adj. filled with love and desire

animadvert	批評、非難
v. (fml) make (esp critical) remarks about sb/sth

animosity	憎惡、仇恨
n. (between A and B) (instance of) strong dislike or of hostility

perennial	中年的、永久的
adj. lasting for a long time

antiquated	過時的、陳舊的、老式的
adj. (of things) out of date, obsolete

asteroid	小行星
n. any of many small planets revolving round the sum, esp between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter

banish	放逐
v. sb send sb away, esp out of the country, as a puhishment

base	n. 基礎; a. 卑賤的
[反] a. baseless 無事實根據的
n. lowest part of sth, esp the part on which it rests or is supported

beneficent	慈善的、仁愛的、有意的
adj. showing active kindness; generous; charitable

benevolent	善心的、人心的
adj. being, or wishing to be, kind, friendly, and helpful

blithe	無憂的、快樂的
adj. happy and carefree' casual

bombastic	誇誇其談的
[類] pompous
adj. pompous and empty

recalcitrant	頑抗的、難以控制的
[類] unruly, intransigent, refractory
[反] docile, tractable
adj. resisting authority or discipline; disobedient

incessant	不停地、連續的、連續不斷的
[類] constant, unremitting
[反] sporadic(偶爾發生的)
adj. not stopping; continual

unprecedented	前所未有的
adj. without precedent; never having happened, been done or been known before

eccentric	古怪的、反常的
adj. unusual; peculiar; not conventional or normal

susceptible	易受影寫的、易被感動的
adj. to sth easily influenced or harmed by sth

chronological	依時間前後排列而記載的
adj. arranged in the order in which they occurred

exorcise	驅魔、除去(壞念頭)
drive out evil spirits

decipher	解開(謎團)、破譯(密碼)
v. succeed in understanding

insouciance	無憂無慮、不注意、不在乎
[類] nonchalance
n. state of being unconcerned, esp in a light-hearted way; nonchalance

proclaim	宣告、宣布
v. make known officially or publicily; announce

disinclination	不情願、不願意
[反] inclination 傾向、意願
n. (fml) unwillingness; reluctance

proclivity	傾向
[類] inclination
n. (fml) natural inclination to do sth (esp sth bad)' tendency

recognize	認得、認出

cosmopolitan	世界主義者、四海為家的人

autocracy	獨裁政府
n. government by one person with unlimited power; despotism

indiscriminate	不加區別地、無差別的、不分皂白的
[類] a. discriminating 有辨別能力的、有缺別的
adj. (in sth) acting without careful judgement

incubate	孵卵、孵化

covet	貪求、揶揄
v. want very much to possess (esp sth that belongs to sb else)

cursory	粗略的、草率的
adj. done quickly and not thoroughly; (too) hurried

discourse	演講、論述
n. lengthy and serious treatment of a subject in speech or writing

decorum	端莊、彬彬有禮、合宜
n. dignified and socially acceptable behavior

endemic	(疾病等)地方性的、當地的
n. adj. that is regularly found in a particular country or area, or among a particular group of people

divergent	分歧的、相異的

dubious	有問題的
adj. not certain and slightly suspicious about sth; doubtful

duplicity	欺騙行為、奸詐行徑
n. deliberate deception

docile	馴服的、易駕馭的
adj. easy to control

doctrinaire	教條的、迂腐的
adj. rigidly applying a theory with no concern for practical problems

indolent	懶惰的

dormant	休眠的、靜止的
adj. temporarily inactive

conducive	有助的、有益的、促成的
adj. to sth allowing or helping sth to happen

endure	忍受、忍耐
v. suffer or undergo patiently

obdurate	固執的、頑固的
adj. impossible to change; stubborn

equilibrium	平衡
n. state of being balanced

inert	惰性的、行動遲鈍的
adj. without power to move or act

quintessential	精髓的、典型的

pitfall	陷阱、圈套
n. unsuspected danger or difficulty

fanciful	幻想的、奇特的

forfeit	喪失、被罰沒收
v. lose or give up (sth) as a consequence of or punishment for having done sth wrong, or in order to achieve sth

infelicitous	不幸的、不適當的
[類] n. infelicity
[反] felicitous
not appropriate in application or expression

confess	承認、公認
v. (to sth/doing sth); (sth) (to sb) say or admit, often formally (that one has done wrong, committed a crime, etc)

munificent	慷慨的、豐厚的
adj. extremely generous; (of sth given) large in amount or splendid in quality

diffident	缺乏自信的、懦怯的、羞怯的
adj. not having or showing much belief in one's own abilities; lacking self-confidence

figurative	比喻的、象徵
adj. (of words) used in an imaginative or a metaphorical way rather than literally

confine	限制、使侷限
v. sb/sth keep (a person or an animal) in a restricted space

flamboyant	豔麗的、炫耀的
[類] ornate
adj. showy, very confident and extravagant

conflate	合併
v. combine into one

formulaic	公式的、刻板的

fractious	(脾氣)易怒的、好爭吵的
adj. irritable; bad-tempered

refractory	難醫治的、倔強的、反應遲鈍的
adj. difficult to control or discipline; wilful or unmanageable

suffrage	選舉權、投票權
n. right to vote in political elections

fraudulent	欺騙的、不誠實的
adj. deceitful or dishonest

effrontery	厚顏無恥、魯莽
n. boldness or rudeness without shame; impertinence

fulminate	大聲斥責
v. protest strongly and loudly

founder	沈默、失敗、破滅

effusive	熱情的、感情洋溢的
[類] gushy
[反] reticent(沈默的)
adj. showing (too much) feeling; too emotional

infuse	灌輸、鼓勵
v. sth into sb/sth; sb/sth with sth put into sb/sth; fill sb/sth with (a quality)

refutable	可駁倒的

generic	通稱的、種類的
adj. shared by or including a whole group or class; not specific

degenerate	惡化、衰退、退化
v. (into sth) pass into a worse physical, mental or moral state than one which is considered normal or desirable

indigenous	土產的、本地的、天生的
adj. (fml) belonging naturally (to a place); native

ingest	嚥下、吞下
v. take (food, etc) into the body, typically by swallowing

ingrain	使...根深蒂固

aggravate	加重、惡化
v. make worse or more serious

coherent	一致的、協調的
adj. connected logically or consistent; easy to understand; clear

hortative	勸告的、獎勵的
giving exhortation; advisory

humble	卑微的、簡陋的、謙虛的
adj. (of a person or his words or actions) having or showing a low or modest opinion of one's own importance; not proud

itinerant	巡迴的、遊歷的
adj. traveling from place to place

disjunctive	分離的、相反的
adj. (of a conjunction) showing opposition or contrast between tow ideas (db either ... or), either... or

abjure	發誓放棄、棄絕
v. promise or swear to give up (a claim, an opinion, a belief, etc); renounce formally

conjure	想起、變出
v. do clever tricks which seem magical, esp with quick movements of the hands

jubilation	歡慶、慶祝活動
n. great happiness, esp because of a success

rejuvenate	使年輕、使恢復精神
v. restore youthful appearance, strength, etc to

allegiance	忠誠、忠貞
[類] devotion, fealty, piety
n. (to sb/sth) support of or loyalty to a government, ruler, cause, etc

legitimate	合法的、正當的
adj. in accordance with the law or rules; lawful

apologist	辯護者、護教論者
n. person who defends a doctrine by logical argument

eloquence	雄辯、口才
n. expressive language, esp to impress or persuade an audience

elucidate	闡明、說明
v. make (sth) clear; explain

disillusioned	幻想破滅的、醒悟的

ludicrous	滑稽的、荒唐可笑的
adj. causing laughter; ridiculous; absurd

malady	病、疾病

malevolent	有惡意的、惡毒的
adj. wishing to do evil or cause harm to others' spiteful

manipulate	(熟練的)操作、運用
v. control or handle with skill

premeditate	預先考慮、預謀

commensurate	同樣大小的、相稱的
adj. (fml) in the right proportion (to sth); appropriate

imminent	即將發生的、逼近的
adj. about to happen; likely to happen very soon

preeminent	卓越的、顯著的
[類] outstanding, supreme
having paramount rank, dignity, or importance; outstanding

mire	n. 泥淖、污泥 v. 使陷入困境
n. swampy ground or bog; soft deep mud

dismiss	讓...離開、把...打發走
v. sb remove sb (esp an employee) from a position

unremitting	不間斷的、持續的
adj. never relaxing ceasing; incessant; persistent

moderate	適度的、有節制的
adj. average in amount, intensity, quality, etc; not extreme

outmoded	老式的、過時的
adj. no longer fashionable

mordant	諷刺的、尖酸的
adj. very sarcastic; biting

remorse	懊悔、悔恨
n. sense of deep and bitter regret for having done sth wrong

tantamount	同等於、相當於
adj. to sth equal in effect to sth; as good as sth

negligent	疏忽的、粗心的
adj. not giving proper attention or care to sth; careless

negligible	可以忽略的、微不足道的
adj. of little importance or size; not worth considering

denigrate	污衊、誹謗
v. claim that (sb/sth) is inferior, worthless, etc; belittle

pernicious	有毒的、致命的
adj. (to sb/sth) having a very harmful or destructive effect (on sb/sth)

normative	合乎規範的、按規定準則的
adj. describing or seeing standards or rules of language, behavior, etc, which should be followed

novelty	新奇、新奇的事物
n. quality of being novel; newness; strangeness

annihilate	殲滅、消滅、徹底擊潰、毀滅
v. destroy completely

ominous	預兆的、不詳的
adj. suggesting that sth bad is about to happen; threatening

optimal	最佳的、最理想的

opulent	富饒的、華麗的、奢侈的
adj. having or showing sings of great wealth

inexorable	不為所動的、堅決不變的
adj. continuing unstoppable; relentless

subordinate	次要的、下級的
adj. (to sb) lower in rank or position

transparent	透明的、清澈的
adj. allowing light to pass through so that objects behind can be seen clearly

counterpart	相對應的人或物
n. person or thing that corresponds to or has the same function as sb or sth else

penalty	處罰、刑罰
n. punishment for breaking a low, rule or contract

compendium	簡要、概略
[類] abstract
n. (of sth) brief but full account; summary

pensive	沈思的、愁眉苦臉的
adj. thinking deeply about sth, esp in a sad or serious way

impetus	推動力、刺激
n. thing that encourages a process to develop more quickly

ephemeral	朝生暮死的、生命短暫的
[類] transitory, transient
adj. living, lasting, etc for a very short time

aphorism	格言、警句
[類] maxim, dage, axiom, dictum
n. short wise saying,; maxim

metaphor	隱喻
[類] a. metaphorical
n. use of a word or phrase to indicate sth different from (though related in some way to) the literal meaning

piety	孝順、孝敬、前程
n. devotion to God and respect for religious principles; being pious

placate	撫慰、平息
v. make less angry; soothe or pacify

supplant	排擠、取代
v. take the place of (sb/sth); replace

complementary	補充的、補足的

compliance	遵從、順從
n. action in accordance with a request or command; obedience

duplicitous	搞兩面派的、奸詐的

extrapolate	推斷
v. sth (fml) (mathematics) calculate (an unknown quantity) approximately from known values or measurements

cosmopolitan	世界性的、國際性的

ponderous	笨重的、笨拙的
[類] lively(輕快活潑的)
adj. slow and awkward because of great weight

opportune	恰好的、適宜的
adj. (of time) suitable or favorable for purpose

opportunistic	機會主義的、投機取巧的

purport	聲稱、意旨
n. (fml) general meaning or intention (of sth)

posit	斷定、認為
v. suggest or assume (sth) as a fact; postulate

potent	強而有力的、有影響力的
[反] impotent
adj. (of drugs, etc) having a strong effect

misapprehension	誤會、誤解
n. under a misapprehension not understanding correctly

primitive	原始的、遠古的、基本的
adj. of or an early stage of social development

probity	誠實、連結
[類] honesty, character, decency, goodness
n. quality of being honest and trustworthy; integrity

apropos	適當的、切題的、中肯的
adv. adj. appropriate or relevant to what is being said or done

appropriate	adj. 適當的、恰當的、相稱的 v. 挪用、盜用
[類] pilferage 行竊、偷盜
adj. suitable; right and proper

propriety	禮節、適當
n. state of being correct in one's social or moral behavior

prosaic	乏味的、散文的
adj. uninspired; unimaginative

prose	散文、散文體
n. written or spoken language that is not in verse form

approximate	大約的、估計的
adj. almost correct or exact but not completely so

impugn	指責、對...表示懷疑
v. express doubts about (sth)

compunction	懊悔、良心不安
n. (fml)(use in negative sentences) feeling of guilt or regret for one's action

punctilious	精密細心的、一絲不苟的
adj. very careful to carry out one's duties, etc correctly' very attentive to details of behavior or ceremony

eradicate	根除、撲滅
v. destroy completely; put an end to (sth)

rapacious	強奪的、貪婪的
adj. greedy, esp for money ; grasping

rectitude	正直、公正
n. moral correctness or straightforwardness; honesty

resurrect	使復活、使復甦
[類] reanimate, recharge, regenerate
v. bring (sb) back to life again

surreptitious	秘密的、偷偷摸摸地、鬼鬼祟祟的
adj. done or acting secretly or stealthily

ridiculous	荒謬的、可笑的
adj. deserving to be laughed at; absurd

rigor	嚴格、嚴苛、精確
severity

rigorous	嚴格的、嚴峻的
adj. severe; strict

prerogative	特權
n. right or privilege, esp one belonging to a particular person or group

assail	抨擊、猛攻
[類] adj. assailable 易受攻擊的
v. sb (fml) attack sb violently or repeatedly

sanctimonious	假裝虔誠的、假裝聖潔的
adj. showing that one feels morally better than other people

sanction	認可、批准、國際制裁
n. permission or approval for an action, a change, etc

insatiable	不知足的、貪得無厭的
adj. that cannot be satisfied; very greedy

escalate	升級、擴大、上升
v. increase or develop by successive stages; become or make (sth) more intense

transcribe	抄寫、謄寫
v. sth copy sth in writing

inscrutable	高深莫測的、神秘的
adj. that cannot be understood or known; mysterious

bisect	把...一分為二、二等分某物

dissemble	隱藏、掩飾
v. hide or disguise (one's true thoughts and feelings); dissimulate

conservative	保守的、守舊的
adj. opposed to great or sudden change

undeserved	不應得的
adj. not fair or just

insidious	隱藏詭計的
adj. spreading or acting gradually and unnoticed but with harmful effects

assimilate	同化、吸收
v. (cause sth to) become absorbed into the body after digestion

dissonant	不和諧的、不一致的
adj. not harmonious; discordant

sonorous	響亮的、洪亮的
adj. having a full deep sound

auspicious	吉兆的、吉利的
[類] adj. propitious 順利的、吉祥的
adj. showing signs of future success; favorable; promising

respect	敬重、尊敬、關於、涉及
n. admiration felt or shown for a person or thing that has good qualities or achievements; regard

retrospective	回顧的、追溯的
adj. looking back on the past

desperate	情急拼命地、鋌而走險的
adj. feeling or showing great despair and ready to do anything regardless of danger

disperse	消散、驅散
v. go in different directions; scatter; break up

circumstantial	與情況有關的、依情況而定的
adj. giving full details

stalwart	堅決地、健壯的
adj. (of a person) strong and sturdy

static	靜態的、呆板的
adj. not moving or changing; stationary

stilted	呆板的、生硬的、不自然的
adj. (of a manner of talking, writing, behaving, etc) stiff and unnatural; artificial

instigate	發起、煽動
v. cause to begin or happen; initiate

constrain	強迫、迫使
v. make (sb) do sth by strong (moral) persuasion or by force

strip	剝去、剝光
v. sth (from/off sth/sb); sth/sb (of sth); sth (off) take off (clothes, coverings, parts, etc) from sb/sth

catastrophe	突如其來的大災難
n. sudden great disaster or misfortune

construe	解釋、理解為
v. sth (fml) explain the meaning of (words, sentences, actions, etc); interpret sth

presume	相信、推測、自作主張、放肆
[類] suppose, assume

contenance	面部表情、面容、贊成、支持
n. (expression on sb's) face

maintain	堅持、主張、維護、維持
v. sth cause sth to continue; keep sth in existence at the same level, standard, etc

impertinent	粗魯無禮的、不切題的、不中肯的
[類] insolent, impudent
adj. not respectful; rude

tenable	站得住腳的、經得起批判的
adj. that can be defended successfully against opposition or attack

intemperance	放縱、不節制
immoderate action or indulgence, as of the appetites

contemplate	沈思、凝視
[類] n. contemplation adj. contemplative
v. look at or consider (sth) thoughtfully

attenuate	辯駁、變弱
[類] n. attenuation
v. make (sth/sb) thin or slender

tenuous	稀薄的、空洞的
adj. thin; slender

interminable	無盡頭的
adj. going on too long, and use therefore annoying or boring

deterrent	威懾的、遏制的
n. adj. that deters or is meant to deter

dichotomy	分裂、二分法
n. (fml) separation into or between two groups or things that are opposed, entirely different, etc

detract	貶低、誹謗

protract	延長、拖長
v. make (sth) last a long time or longer; lengthen or prolong

retract	縮回、收回
v. withdraw (a statement, charge, etc)

tractable	易於駕駛的、溫順的
[類] docile
[反] recalcitrant, intransigent
adj. easily guided, handled or controlled; docile

intrepid	無謂的、剛毅的
adj. fearless; brave

trenchant	(言詞)犀利的、鋒利的
[類] incisive, penetrating
adj. strongly and effectively expressed; penetrating

contrite	悔罪的、痛悔的
[類] penitent
adj. filled with or showing deep regret for having done wrong; repentant

obtrude	突出、強加
v. (on/upon sb/sth)(mL) force (oneself, one's opinions, ideas, etc) upon sb/sth, esp when unwanted

tumultuous	騷亂的、亂哄哄的、喧嘩的
[反] serene 平靜的
adj. disorderly or confused; violent

turmoil	騷動、混亂
n. great disturbance, agitation or confusion

conundrum	難題、複雜問題
[類] enigma
n. question, use with a pun in its answer, that is asked for fun; riddle

contravene	違背(法規、習俗)
v. act or be contrary to (a law, etc); break

vengeance	報仇、報復
n. paying back of an ihjury that one has suffered; revenge

convergent	匯聚的
tending to move toward one point or to approach each other; converging

divergent	分歧的、相異的

conversant	熟悉的、精通的
adj. with sth having knowledge of sth; familiar with sth

overt	明顯的、公然的
adj. done or shown openly or publicly; not secret or hidden

devious	狡猾的、不正直的、彎曲的
adj. cunning; dishonest

conviction	判罪、堅信
n. the convicting of a person for a crime

evince	表明、顯示出
v. show clearly that one has(a feeling, quality, etc); exhibit

vigilant	機警的、警惕的
adj. looking out for possible danger, trouble, etc; watchful or alert

invigorate	賦予精神、鼓舞
v. make feel more lively and healtht

gullible	易受騙的
[類] credulous
adj. willing to believe anything or anyone; easily deceived

vilify	辱罵、誹謗
v. (fml) say evil or insulting things about (sb); slander

provisional	臨時的、暫時性的
adj. for the percentile only, with the possibility of being changed, etc later; temporary

revitalize	始恢復生氣、使復活、使復興
restore strength; give new life or vigor to

irrevocable	不可撤回的、不可取消的
adj. that cannot be changed or revoked; final

vociferous	大聲的、激昂的
adj. louder noisy; expressing one's views forcibly and insistently

devoid	缺乏的、沒有的
adj. of sth without sth; completely lacking in sth

voluble	健談的、口若懸河般的
adj. (of a person) speaking a lot; talkative

welter	雜亂無章
[類] turmoil
n. of sth/sb disorderly mixture of things or people ; general confusion

absurd	不合理的、荒謬的
adj. unreasonable; not sensible

acquisitive	貪得無厭的
adj. keen to acquire things, esp material possessions

adamant	堅決地、固執的
[類] unyielding, immovable, implacable
adj. firmly or stubbornly determined; unwilling to be persuaded

allure	誘惑、引誘
[類] v. lure 誘惑
v. tempt or attract (sb) by the expectation of gaining sth

ancillary	補助的、輔助的
[類] subordinate; auxiliary
adj. helping in a subsidiary way

archaic	古老的、古體的、過時的
[類] ancient
adj. of a much earlier or an ancient period in history

assuage	緩和、減輕
[類] lessen, allay, relieve, alleviate, mitigate
v. make (sth) less severe; soothe

augur	預言、預測
to foretell especially from omens

avant-grade	前衛的
[類] vanguard
adj. favoring new and progressive ideas, esp in art and literature

badger	(不停的)騷擾
n. animal of the weasel family, grey with black and white stripes on its head, living in holes in the ground and moving about at night

baffle	使困惑、阻撓
[類] confuse, puzzle, confound, balk, bilk, dash, foil, thwart
v. be too difficult for to understand; puzzle

banter	揶揄、嘲弄
n. playful, good humored teasing

bereft	失去...的
adj. (fml) deprived of ( a power or quality)

blatant	喧鬧的、顯眼的、炫耀的
[類] boisterous, clamorous, obstreperous, vociferate (喧鬧的)
adj. very obvious; unashamed; flagrant

blight	v. 毀掉、破壞、使枯萎 n. 枯萎病
[類] adj. blighted 枯萎的
n. disease that withers plants

bogus	假冒的、偽造的
[類] spurious
adj. not genuine; false

braggart	n. 吹牛者 adj. 吹牛的
[類] v. brag 自誇
n. person who brags

buttress	支持、加強
n. support built against a wall

cagey	謹慎地、機敏的
adj. (about sth)(infml) cautious about giving information; wary; secretive

calumnious	誹謗的、中傷的

caricature	v. 誇張扭曲 n. 諷刺漫畫
n. picture, description or imitation of sb/sth that exaggerates certain characteristics in order to amuse or ridicule

categorical	絕對的、至上的
adj. unconditional; absolute; explicit

comity	禮讓
[類] civility; courtesy
[反]enmity(敵意、憎恨)
friendly social atmosphere; social harmony

conniving	縱容的、默許的、串通的

contrive	設計、圖謀
v. plan (sth) cleverly or deceitfully; invent; design

dearth	缺乏、不足
n. shortage; scarcity

deterioration	惡化、變壞

detest	厭惡、痛恨
v. dislike very much; hate

disproportionate	不成比例的、不相稱的

enfetter	束縛、上腳鐐

entice	引誘
v. sb (from sth ); sb (into sth/doing sth ) try to tempt or persuade sb, use by offering sth pleasant or reward

exiguous	非常少的
[類] scanty, meager
adj. very small (in amount); scanty

exude	散發、流露
v. (sth) (from/through sth) (of drops of liquid, etc) come or pass out slowly; ooze out

foster	促進、鼓勵、養育
v. help the growth or development of (sth); encourage or promote

galvanize	刺激、激勵、促使、鍍鋅
to stimulate or excite as if by an electric shock

gauge	標準厚度、標準寬度、測量
n. standard measure, esp of width or thickness

gripe	抱怨
v. feel or cause sudden sharp pain in the stomach or intestines

harangue	慷慨激昂的鹽講、滔滔不絕的教訓
n. long, loud, serious and use angry speech

hitherto	到目前為止、迄今、至今
adj. until now

impeachable	可指責的

imperil	使陷於危險、危及
v. (fml) put (sb/sth) in danger; endanger

inchoate	剛開始的、出使的、未完的
[類] incipient
adj. just begun and therefore not fully formed or developed

incisiveness	深刻、敏銳

indifferent	漠不關心的
adj. having no interest in sb/sth; either for nor against sb/sth; not caring about sb/sth

industrious	勤奮的、勤勞的
adj. hard-working; diligent

inquisitive	好奇的、愛鑽研的
adj. fond of inquiring into other people's affairs

interplay	交互作用、相互影響
n. way in which two or more things have an effect on each other; interaction

lavish	大方的、慷慨給予的
adj. (in doing sth) giving or producing generously or in large quantities

lax	鬆散的、不嚴格的
adj. not sufficiently strict or severe; negligent

lay out	花錢

lethal	致命的、危險的
adj. causing or able to cause death

list	v. 傾斜
n. series of names, items, figures, etc written or printed

lopsided	傾向一邊的、不平衡的

malleable	可塑的、展延的
adj. that can be beaten or pressed into different shapes easily

momentary	瞬間的
adj. lasting for a very short time

nubulous	模糊的
adj. cloud like; hazy

oblique	鞋的、間接地、不坦率的
adj. not horizontal or vertical; sloping; slanting

outgrowth	自然結果、產物、副產品
n. natural development or result

overbearing	專橫的、好指使人的、傲慢的
adj. forcing others to do what one wants (without caring about their feelings); domineering

palliative	緩和的、治標不治本的

philistine	不懂藝術的人、沒有教養的人
n. person who has no interest in or understanding of the arts, or is hostile to them; uncultured person

phlegmatic	冷靜的、沈著的
adj. calm and even-tempered; showing the quality of phlegm

plastic	可塑的、易受影響的

presage	預言
[類] foretell, predict
n. sign that sth (esp sth unpleasant) will happen; omen

propensity	傾向、習性
n. (for doing/to do sth)(mL) inclination or tendency

querulous	愛發牢騷的、愛抱怨的
adj. complaining; irritable

rebuke	斥責、指責
[類] reprimand, admonish, chide
[反] commend, endorse
v. sb express sharp or severe disapproval to sb, esp officially; reprove sb

rebut	駁斥、反駁
[類] repel, refute

rehash	重新處理、改寫
v. sth (infml derog) put (ideas, material, etc) into a new form with no great change or improvement

ridge	屋脊、山脊
n. raised line where two sloping surfaces meet; narrow raised strip

schematic	概要的、圖解的
adj. in the form of a diagram or chart

serendipitous	意外發現的

somatice	身體的、軀體的
pertaining to the body; physical

sordid	骯髒的、污穢的
adj. (of conditions, places, etc) dirty and unpleasant; squalid

spontaneous	自發地、自主的
adj. done, happening, said etc because of a voluntary impulse from within, not caused or suggested by sth/sb outside

sterling	優秀的、出色的、高尚的

stratification	分層、階層

syntax	語法、句法
[類] a. syntactic 句法的
n. (rules for the) arrangement of words into phrases and phrases into sentences

temerity	魯莽、冒失、不自量力
[類] recklessness
n. audacity; rashness

terse	簡短的、簡明的、簡潔的
[類] credo
adj. using few words; concise; curt

unseemly	不得體的
adj. (of behavior, etc) not proper or seemly; unbecoming

wary	謹慎的
adj. (of sb/sth)looking out for possible danger or difficulty; cautious

exactitude	正確性、精確性
n. over-correctness

coalesce	聯合、合併
v. combine and form one group, substance, mass etc

analgesic	鎮痛劑、止痛的
adj. n. substance that relieves pain

pusillanimous	膽怯的
adj. cowardly; timid

antique	古代的、古董的、古董

adept	熟練地、內行的
adj. (at/in doing sth) expert or skillful in (doing) sth

artifice	奸計、詭計
n. clever trickery; deception

exasperate	激怒、使惱怒
v. irritate or annoy greatly

astronomical	天文學的、龐大的

lambaste	痛打、痛罵
v. hit (sb) hard and repeatedly; thrash

bellicose	好戰的、好鬥的
adj. eager to fight; warlike; aggressive

belligerent	發動戰爭的、好鬥的、好挑釁的
[類] n. belligerence
adj. showing a desire to rebel; not easily controlled

rebellious	反抗的、難控制的
adj. showing a desire to rebel; not easily controlled

forbidding	可怕的(外貌)
adj. looking unfriendly; stern; threatening

brevity	簡潔、簡練
n. shortness or briefness

coincide	巧合、一致
v. (of events) occur at the same time or occupy the same period of time as sth else

nonchalant	無憂無慮的、漠不關心的
adj. not feeling or showing interest or enthusiasm; calm and casual

capitulate	(有條件)投降
v. surrender (to sb), esp on agreed conditions

encapsulation	概括

caustic	腐蝕性的、刻薄的
adj. that can burn or destroy things by chemical action

chivalrous	武士精神的、對努人彬彬有禮的
adj. showing the qualities of a perfect knight

chastise	懲罰、譴責(以保持純潔)
[類] n. chastisement
v. punish (sb) severely, esp by beating

chronic	慢性的、長期的
adj. lasting for a long time; continually recurring

succinct	簡明的、簡潔的
adj. expressed briefly and clearly; concise

precocious	早熟的、早成的
adj. (of a child) having developed certain abilities at an earlier age than usual

codify	將法律、規則編成法典
[類] n. codification
v. arrange (laws, rules, etc) systematically into a code

accolade	推從、讚揚
n. praise; approval

concord	一致、協調、(國際的)和睦
n. harmony between people; lack of quarreling and unfriendliness

cordial	熱忱的、中心的
adj. sincere and friendly

copious	豐富的、多產的
adj. plentiful; abundant

accretion	增加
n. growth or increase by means of gradual additions

discredit	使丟臉、敗壞...的名聲
v. damage the good reputation of

excrete	排泄、分泌
v. (of an animal or a plant) pass out (waste matter, sweat, etc) from the system

exculpate	開脫、申明無罪
v. sb (fml) free sb from blame; say that sb is not guilty

concur	意見相同、一致

decorous	合宜的、高雅的
[反] indecorous 無理的
adj. dignified and socially acceptable

deleterious	(對身體)有害的、有毒的
adj. (fml) harmful

dexterous	靈巧的、熟練的
adj. skillful with one's hands

dilemma	兩難、困境
n. situation in which one has to choose between two undesirable things or courses of action

abdicate	正式放棄(權利等)、退(位)、辭(職)
v. resign from or formally renounce the throne

dictate	口述、命令
v. (to sb) say or read aloud (words to be typed, written down or recorded on tape)

verdict	判決、決定
n. decision reached by a jury on a question of fact in a law case

endorse	背書、贊同
v. write one's name on the back of

heterodox	異端的、非正統的
adj. not conforming with accepted standards or beliefs

deduce	演繹、推斷
v. sth arrive at (facts, a theory, etc) by reasoning; infer sth

deduct	減除、扣除
v. sth take away (an amount or a part)

seductive	誘惑的、引人注意的、有魅力的
adj. tending to seduce, charm or tempt sb; attractive

equanimity	鎮定、沉著
n. calmness of mind or temper

defamatory	破壞名譽的、誹謗的
adj. intended to defame

facility	才能、資質、容易做好事情的能力

malfeasance	不法行為、瀆職
a wrongful act that the actor had not right to do; improper professional conduct

counterfeit	偽造、仿造
n. adj. made or done so that it is very similar to another thing, in order to deceive; fake

surfeit	過量、過度
n. (of sth) too much of sth, esp of food and drink

felicitous	(話語)得體的、適當的
[反] infelicitous
adj. (esp of words) well-chosen; apt

odoriferous	有氣味的
giving off an order

beneficent	慈善的、仁愛的、有意的
adj. showing active kindness; generous; charitable

fictitious	假的、虛構的
adj. imagined or invented; not real

ramification	後果、影響
[類] consequence
n. part of a complex structure; secondary consequence, esp one that complicates

prefigure	預示、預想
v. represent beforehand (sth that will happen in the future); foreshadow

infinite	無限的、無窮的
adj. without limits; endless

inflate	使充氣、使膨脹
v. sth (with sth) fill (a tyre, ballon, etc) with air or gas

delfect	使偏斜、使轉向、避開
v. (from sth) (cause sth to) turn from its direction of movement

fugitive	短暫的、逃犯
n. person who is running away or escaping

refugee	難民、流亡者

hieroglyph	象形文字、圖像文字
n. picture or symbol of an object, representing a word, syllable or sound, as used in ancient Egyptian and other writing

demography	人口統計、人口學
n. study of statistics of births, deaths, diseases, etc in order to show the state of a community

ingratiate	使得到...歡心、迎合

egregious	(缺點)過分的、驚人的
[類] flagrant
adj. (use of sb/sth bad) exceptional; outstanding

gregarious	群居的、愛社交的
adj. liking to be with other people

adherent	擁護者、信徒
n. supporter of a party or doctrine

heretical	異教的、異端的
adj. of heresy or heretics

hortatory	勸告的、忠告的

hydrate	使成水合物
n. chemical compound of water with another substance

ideology	意識形態、思想體系
n. ideas that form the basis of an economic or political theory or that are held by a particular group or person

imperious	傲慢的、專橫的
adj. proud and arrogant; domineering; expecting obedience

juvenile	少年到、似少年的
n. young person who is not yet adult

dilute	弄稀、弄淡
v. sth make (a liquid or color) thinner or weaker (by adding water or another liquid)

levity	輕率、輕浮
n. lack of proper seriousness or respect

delineate	描繪、描寫
v. show (sth) by drawing or describing; portray

locus	地點、所在地
n. exact place of sth

circumlocution	迂迴累贅的陳述
[類] adj. circumlocutory 委婉曲折的
n. use of many words to say sth that could be said in a few words

lurid	可怕的、恐怖的、火紅的
adj. having bright glaring colors or combinations of color

malign	惡意的、誹謗
v. say unpleasant or untrue things about

emanate	散發、發出
v. from sth/sb come or flow from sth/sb

manuscript	手寫的、原稿的
n. thing written by hand, not typed or printed

demanding	嚴格的、要求高的

mediate	調停解決
v. act as a peacemaker or go-between for two or more people, groups, etc who disagree

demeanor	舉動、行為、風度
behavior; bearing; behavioral attributes

menacing	威脅的、不詳的

amend	修訂、修正

emend	校訂、修改
v. remove errors from

mentor	導師
n. experienced and trusted adviser of an inexperienced person

perimeter	周長
n. outer edge of a closed geometric shape

eminence	卓越、顯赫、著名
n. state of being famous or distinguished

demise	死亡、財產轉讓
n. death

intermittent	間歇的、時斷時續的
adj. continually stopping and then starting again; not constant

surmise	推測、猜測、臆測
[類] guess
v. suppose (sth) without having evidence that makes it certain; guess

mitigant	緩和的、減輕的

mollify	緩和、減輕、使安靜
v. lessen the anger of (sb); make calmer; soothe

moralistic	說教的、教訓的
adj. having or showing definite but narrow beliefs and judgements about right and wrong actions

moribund	即將結束的、垂死的
adj. at the point of death; about to come to an end

paramount	至高無上的、最重要的、主要的
adj. having the greatest importance or significance; supreme

surmount	克服、戰勝
v. deal with (a difficulty, etc); overcome

munificent	寬宏的、慷慨的
adj. extremely generous; (of sth given) large in amount or splendid in quality

immutable	不變的
adj. that cannot be changed; that will never change

innate	與生俱來的、天生的、固有的
adj. in one's nature; possessed from birth

nascent	初生的、萌芽的
adj. beginning to exist; not yet well developed

natal	出生的、出生時的

enervate	使失去活力、使衰弱
v. cause to lose strength or energy

annex	兼併、附加
n. annexation

noxious	有害的、有毒的
adj. harmful; poisonous

annotate	註解
v. add notes to giving explanation or comment

pronounced	明確的、明顯的
adj. very noticeable

novice	新手、初學者
n. person who is new and inexperienced in a job, situation, etc; beginner

malodorous	惡臭的
adj. smelling unpleasant

onerous	繁重的、麻煩的
adj. needing effort; burdensome

ornate	裝飾華麗的、過分修飾的
adj. richly decorated

palpable	可觸知的、可摸到的、極其明瞭的
[類] tangible
[反] subtle(難以嘬摸的、微妙的)
adj. that can be felt or touched

imperious	跋扈的、專橫的
adj. proud and arrogant; domineering; expecting obedience

impart	分給、給予、傳授、傳達
v. sth (to sth) give (a quality) to sth

compassionate	有同情心的
adj. showing or feeling compassion; compassionately

impassive	不露情感的、無動於衷的、冷漠的
[類] n. impassivity
adj. showing no sign of feeling

pathological	病理上的、病態的

impecunious	一文不名的、貧困的
adj. having little or no money

pecuniary	金錢的、錢財方面的
adj. of or concerning money

pedantic	賣弄學問的
adj. of or like a pedant

penitential	後悔的、懺悔的
[類] contrite (後悔的)

impending	即將發生的、逼近的
adj. about to happen; imminent

pending	未定的、待定的
adj. waiting to be decided or settled

petulant	暴躁的、壞脾氣的
[類] peevish
adj. unreasonable impatient or irritable

propitious	有利的
[類] auspicious, favorable
[反] bleak, dark depressing, desperate
adj. (fml) giving or indicating a good chance of success; favorable

sycophant	拍馬屁者
[類] fawner; flunky
n. person who tries to gain people;s favor by insincerely flattering them and always agreeing with them

pious	虔誠的、盡責的
adj. having or showing a dd. devotion to religion

placebo	安慰劑、寬心丸
n. (medical) harmless substance given as if it were medicine to clam a patient who mistakenly believes he is ill

duplicate	完全一樣的、複製的、副本的
adj. exactly like something else; identical

pompous	浮華的、愛炫耀的
[類] arrogant, bombastic
adj. feeling or showing that one feels, that one is much more important than other people

ponder	仔細考慮、衡量
v. think about (sth) carefully and for a long time, esp in trying to reach a decision; consider

juxtapose	並排、並置
v. place (people or things) side by side or very close together, esp to show a contrast

predisposition	傾向、素質
n. (to do sth) state of mind or body that makes sb liable to act in a certain way or to suffer from a certain disease

omnipotent	全能的、萬能的
adj. having unlimited or very great power

pressing	緊迫的、迫切的
adj. urgent

priority	再掀、居前
n. (state of) being more important (in rank)

propaganda	政治宣傳

repulse	擊退、驅逐、使厭惡、使產生反感
v. drive back (an attacker or an attack) by fighting; repel

quirky	離奇的、古怪的

regime	政權、政治制的
n. method or system of government

deride	嘲笑、嘲弄
v. sb/sth treat sb/sth as funny and not worthy of serious attention; mock sb/sth

ridicule	奚落、嘲笑
n. making sb/sth appear foolish or absurd; corn

shrug	聳肩
v. raise (one's shoulders) slightly to express doubt, indifference, ignorance, etc

disrupt	使分裂、使瓦解
v. cause disorder in

salubrious	有益健康的、清爽的
adj. (esp of the climate) health-giving

omniscient	無所不知的、博識的
adj. knowing everything

resemble	與...相似、像

assent	同意、贊成
n. (fml) agreement; approval

observant	注意的、當心的

assiduous	勤勉的、專心的
adj. showing constant and careful attention

solitary	單獨的、獨自的
adj. (living) alone; without companions

resonate	宏亮的、共鳴的
adj. continuing to echo; resounding

despicable	可鄙的、卑劣的
adj. (to do sth)deserving to be despised; contemptible

perspicuous	明晰的、明瞭的
adj. expressed clearly

apostasy	被叫、脫黨、變節
n. abandoning one's religious beliefs, principles, political party, etc

ecstatic	狂喜的、心花怒放的
adj. causing or showing ecstasy

misconstrue	曲解、誤解
v. get a wrong idea of or misinterpret (sb's words, acts, etc)

contingent	意外事故、偶然事件
[類] n. contingency
adj. on/upon sth dependent on sth that may or may not happen

abstinent	飲食有度的、有節制的

extemporize	即席發言的、即興演奏
[類] improvise
to do something extemporaneously; improvise; especially; to speak extemporaneously

anatomical	解剖的、解剖學的
[反] a. anatomy

tortuous	迂迴曲折的
adj. full of twists and turns

detour	繞道、繞行的路
n. route that avoids a blocked road, etc ;deviation

diatribe	抨擊
[類] philippic
n. lengthy and bitter attack in words

contumacious	違抗的、不服從的
[類] n. contumacy 頑抗、抗命
adj. obstinate and disobedient

imperturbable	冷靜的、沈著的
adj. not easily troubled or worried; calm

prevalent	普遍的、盛行的
adj. (among/in sth/sb) existing or happening generally; widespread

variability	變化性
n. quality of being variable; tendency to vary

provenance	(藝術)出處、起源
n. (place of) origin

vernacular	白話、口語
n. language or dialect spoken in a particular country or region, as compared with a formal or written language

incontrovertible	無疑的、明白的
adj. so obvious and certain that it cannot be disputed or denied

divert	使事物轉向、使娛樂
v. sb/sth (to sth) turn sb/sth from one course to another

reversible	可逆的、可反轉的

revert	恢復、回復到、重新考慮
v. to sth return to (a former state or condition)

vestige	痕跡、遺跡、殘餘
n. small remaining part of what once existed; trace

deviate	越軌、脫離
v. from sth stop following

impervious	不受影響的、無動於衷的
adj. not allowing water, gas, etc to pass through

vigorous	精力旺盛的、健壯的

guile	欺騙
n. deceit cunning

providential	幸運的、及時的

vital	極其重要的、充滿活力的
adj. connected with or essential to life

provocative	挑性的、煽動的
adj. tending or intended to arouse anger, annoyance, controversy, etc

univocal	單義的、意義明確的
unambiguous or unmistakable

malevolent	有惡意的、壞心腸的
adj. wishing to do evil or cause harm to others; spiteful

devour	狼吞虎嚥地吃、吃光
v. eat (sth) hungrily or greedily

voracious	狼吞虎嚥的、貪婪的
adj. very greedy in eating; ravenous

divulge	洩漏、透露
v. sth make known (sth secret)

vulgar	粗俗的、下流的、粗魯的
adj. lacking in good taste or refinement

alacrity	敏捷、輕快
n. prompt and eager readiness

anecdote	軼事、趣聞
n. short, interesting or amusing story about a real person or event

asseverate	鄭重說明、斷言
v. state (sth) firmly and solemnly

atrophy	(器官)萎縮
n. wasting away of the body or part of it through lack of nourishment or use

axiomatic	公理的、不證自明的
adj. of or like an axiom; car and evident without needing to be proved

backbite	誹謗、中傷

baroque	過分雕琢的、高度裝飾的
[類] flamboyant, florid, luscious
[反] austere 簡樸的
adj. n. highly ornate style fashionable in the arts (esp architecture) in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries

begrudging	勉強的、吝惜的

bravado	虛張聲勢
n. display of boldness

bromidic	陳腐的
[類] trite

bypass	規避、避開

chic	高雅時尚的
adj. elegant and stylish

chimera	希臘神話女怪、幻想
n. imaginary monster made up of parts of several different animals

churlish	不禮貌的
[類] vulgar, surly

clear-cut	明確的、清楚的

commonplace	司空見慣的事、老生常談
adj. ordinary; not interesting

carbby	脾氣壞的
v. crab 批評、挑剔

delimit	確定...界線、界定、限定
v. fix the limits or boundaries of

elegy	輓歌、哀歌
n. poem or song expressing sorrow, esp for the dead; lament

enfeeble	使虛弱、使無力
v. make weak or feeble

entailed	必然伴隨而發生的

fraught	充滿...的、令人擔憂的、令人憂慮的
adj. with sth filled with sth; charged with sth

histrionic	矯揉造作的、戲劇的
adj. very theatrical in manner; excessively dramatic; affected

hodgepodge	大雜燴
[類] patchwork
hotchpotch

imbue	灌輸、使充滿
v. sb/sth with sth fill or inspire sb/sth with (feelings, etc)

knotty	難解決的、棘手的
[類] n. knot 結
adj.(of timber) full of knots

meager	受的、粗劣的、不足的
[類] insufficient 不足的、不夠的
deficient in quality or quantity

meretricious	俗氣的、浮華的
adj. apparently attractive but in fact valueless

modicum	些許
n. small or moderate amount of sth

momentous	重大的、重要的
adj. very important; serious

peevish	易怒的、乖戾的、壞脾氣的
[類] irritable, querulous, fretful, fractious
adj. easily annoyed (esp by unimportant things); irritable

physiological	生理的、生理學的

protean	變化不定的、變化多端的
adj. that can change quickly and easily; variable

quandary	困惑、為難
n. state of not being able to decide what to do ; awkward or difficult situation

rapprochement	(國家間)友好、和睦
n. with sb/between A and B) renewal of friendly relations, esp between countries

retaliate	報復、回敬
v. repay an injury, insult, etc with a similar one

sartorial	衣服的、男裝的
adj. of (use men's) clothes or a way of dressing

shading	細微差異
[類] nuance

skulduggery	欺騙、詐欺
n. deception and planning of evil acts; trickery

slumber	睡、睡眠
v. sleep esp peacefully and comfortably

staggering	驚人的
adj. astonishing; shocking

stoicism	斯多葛哲學、禁慾主義
n. behaving stoically

sumptuous	豪華的、奢華的、奢侈的
adj. looking expensive and splendid

valorize	增進價值、給予價值、肯定

woo	求愛、懇求
v. try to obtain the support of (sb)

noisome	有害的、有害健康的、惡臭的
[類] injurious
adj. offensive; disgusting; stinking

conceal	隱藏、隱匿

obscure	遮掩、遮蔽、使不分明、無名的、默默無聞的

unassuming	不愛出風頭的、謙遜的

estrange	使疏遠、使感情失和
to arouse especially mutual enmity or difference in where there had formerly been love, affection, or friendliness; alienate

tribute	進貢、貢物、貢金
n. action, statement or gift that is meant to show one's respect or admiration

denounce	指責、譴責
v. sb (to sb) (as sth) give information (to the authorities) against sb

disprove	證明...是虛假的、反駁
v. show that is wrong or false

morph	使變形

metamorphose	使變形、使變質
v. (into sth) (fml) (cause sb/sth to) change in form or nature

assess	判斷、評價、評定

capacious	容量大的、寬敞的
adj. that can hold much; roomy

captivate	迷惑、吸引
[類] adj. captivating 吸引人的
v. fascinate (sb); charm; enchant

ravenous	渴求
very hungry

contemptuous	鄙視
feeling or showing deep hatred or disapproval; feeling or showing contempt

appraise	評定、鑑定、估價、評價

incumbent	富有職責的、義不容辭的
adj. on/upon sb necessary as part of sb's duty

tonic	使任精神振奮的、滋補的、回覆的
n. medicine that gives strength or energy, taken after illness or when tired

admonish	告誡、警告
[類] reprove
to express warning or disapproval to especially in a gentle, earnest, or solicitous manner