2014-10-16 Structure: future & adj clauses

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Homework: p. 31
A
1 got
2 have done / have been doing
3 have been
4 have visited (not a specific past time)
5 was
6 went
7 wanted
8 have never known
Since 2006, I have taught English.
Since I went to Mexico, I have taught English.
B
1 met
2 attended
3 had invited
4 was
5 had known
6 proposed
C
1 D - use to be
2 B - used to have (no "would" for states)
3 A - was going to
4 D - didn't
5 C - would
6 D - planning
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Four basic ways to talk about future plans/voluntary actions:

1) I will meet with him tomorrow.
  = I am making this decision right now. (+ offers/promises)

2) I'm going to meet with him tomorrow.
  = I had a prior plan before saying this. (the plan might be only in my mind)
  = I made this decision before now.
3) I am meeting with him tomorrow.
  = I had a prior plan and communicated with him about it.
  = I made the decision and arrangements before now.
4) I meet with him tomorrow.
  = One instance of a routine (e.g. We meet every Friday.)
  = It's on a schedule. We've made an appointment for it.
  = I made the decision, arrangements, and a schedule.
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Two ways to talk about future predictions (involuntary):

1) It will rain later.

2) It's going to rain later.
  = More certain, especially if I have evidence right now, such as dark clouds and thunder.
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When I get home, I will cook dinner.
(NOT: "When I will get home")
- We don't use future grammer ("will" or "going to") in time clauses, even when they are about future events.
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I will be living in Boston.
I'm going to be living in Boston.

I will have been teaching for 10 years.
I'm going to have been teaching for 10 years.

- With progressive and perfect tenses, there is not much of a difference between "will" and "be going to".
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p. 39 exercise 4: answer the questions individually
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ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
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clause: a group of words with a subject and a verb
adjective: a word that modifies or describes a noun

adjective clause: a clause that modifies or describes a noun

Give this message to whoever calls.
                     ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - noun clause

Give this message to the next person who calls.
                  adjective clause - ^^^^^^^^^
(it gives more information about "person")

Robert DeNiro, who is acting in a new movie, will be here.
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
(it gives more information about "Robert DeNiro")
(this information does not identify the noun, because we already know his name)

I like all of my students who come on time.
= I like some of my students (I like only the few who come on time).
"who come on time" is an IDENTIFYING adjective clause

I like all of my students, who come on time.
= I like all of my students (all of them come on time).
"who come on time" is a NON-IDENTIFYING adjective clause

identifying = defining = restrictive
non-identifying = non-defining = non-restrictive
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I started teaching in the year when I lived in Mexico.
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Homework: p. 196-198 (reading and questions)