2015-10-19 Writing: finish essays, adj. clauses

Greg Malivuk
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http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Homework: finish your essays
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p. 179 (on the handout) - complete the sentences with “who” or “which”
1 which (arranged marriage)
2 who (parents)
3 who (matchmaker)
4 which (first meeting)
5 who (man or woman) (or “that”)
6 which (marrying)
7 who (couples) (or “that”)
8 who (people) (or “that”)

All of the students who do their homework do well on tests.
= Only some students do their homework, but all of those students do well on tests.
(This is a restrictive adjective clause, because it restricts the group of students I’m talking about.)

All of the students, who do their homework, do well on tests.
= All of the students do well on tests and also all of the students do their homework.
(Information between commas is extra information. It can be removed and the meaning of the rest of the sentence doesn’t change.)

My sister, who lives in Florida, had a baby this year.
= I have one sister. She had a baby this year and she lives in Florida.
(“My sister had a baby this year.” - It’s clear who I’m talking about.)

My sister who lives in Florida had a baby this year.
= I have multiple sisters. One of them lives in Florida and she had a baby this year.
(“My sister had a baby this year.” - It’s not clear which sister I’m talking about. I need to add “who lives in Florida” to identify the one sister with a new baby.)
(We also call this an identifying adjective clause.)
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This is my friend Marta. She works at your company. (subject)
-> This is my friend Marta, who works at your company.

This is my friend Marta. Her husband works at your company. (possessive)
-> This is my friend Marta, whose husband works at your company.

This is my friend Marta. You met her last week. (object)
-> This is my friend Marta, whom you met last week.
(“Whom” is pretty formal, and we generally just use “who” in conversation.)
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Mr. and Mrs. Haddad are very traditional. They are from Lebanon.
-> Mr. and Mrs. Haddad, who are from Lebanon, are very traditional.
(We use a comma because I already identified the people I’m talking about, by giving their names, so I don’t need “who are from Lebanon” to tell you which people I’m talking about.)

Mr. and Mrs. Haddad are very traditional. Their daughter is pretty modern.
-> Mr. and Mrs. Haddad, whose daughter is pretty modern, are very traditional.
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Juyoung, who is in level 4, is from Korea.
(“Juyoung” identifies the person I’m talking about, so we use commas.)

The Juyoung who is in level 4 is from Korea. (But the Juyoung who is in level 7 was born here.)
(Now there’s more than one Juyoung, so I need to identify which one I’m talking about.)