1898 USS Tennessee (ACR-4)

Tennessee, USA Armoured Cruiser laid down 1898

Displacement:
	7,742 t light; 8,165 t standard; 9,993 t normal; 11,455 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
	(403.00 ft / 400.00 ft) x 66.00 ft x (24.00 / 26.77 ft)
	(122.83 m / 121.92 m) x 20.12 m  x (7.32 / 8.16 m)

Armament:
      8 - 8.00" / 203 mm 40.0 cal guns - 259.99lbs / 117.93kg shells, 125 per gun
	  Breech loading guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1890 Model
	  2 x 2 row quad mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      12 - 5.00" / 127 mm 40.0 cal guns - 50.00lbs / 22.68kg shells, 200 per gun
	  Quick firing guns in casemate mounts, 1890 Model
	  12 x Single mounts on sides, aft evenly spread
      8 - 3.00" / 76.2 mm 45.0 cal guns - 13.62lbs / 6.18kg shells, 200 per gun
	  Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1898 Model
	  8 x Single mounts on centreline, evenly spread
		8 raised mounts
      4 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm 50.0 cal guns - 0.99lbs / 0.45kg shells, 250 per gun
	  Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1891 Model
	  4 x Single mounts on centreline, evenly spread
		4 double raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 2,793 lbs / 1,267 kg
      Main Torpedoes
      8 - 18.0" / 457 mm, 16.00 ft / 4.88 m torpedoes - 0.543 t each, 4.346 t total
	In 2 sets of deck mounted carriage/fixed tubes
      2nd Torpedoes
      8 - 18.0" / 457 mm, 16.00 ft / 4.88 m torpedoes - 0.543 t each, 4.346 t total
	In 2 sets of deck mounted reloads

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Main:	8.00" / 203 mm	300.00 ft / 91.44 m	5.00 ft / 1.52 m
	Ends:	4.00" / 102 mm	  99.98 ft / 30.47 m	5.00 ft / 1.52 m
	  Main Belt covers 115 % of normal length
	  Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead - Strengthened structural bulkheads:
		5.00" / 127 mm	400.00 ft / 121.92 m	21.00 ft / 6.40 m
	Beam between torpedo bulkheads 60.00 ft / 18.29 m

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	16.0" / 406 mm	6.00" / 152 mm		12.0" / 305 mm
	2nd:	6.00" / 152 mm	2.00" / 51 mm		8.00" / 203 mm

   - Armoured deck - single deck:
	For and Aft decks: 2.00" / 51 mm
	Forecastle: 2.00" / 51 mm  Quarter deck: 2.00" / 51 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 8.00" / 203 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
	Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
	Direct drive, 2 shafts, 16,342 ihp / 12,191 Kw = 20.00 kts
	Range 6,000nm at 14.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 3,290 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
	499 - 649

Cost:
	£0.840 million / $3.360 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 599 tons, 6.0 %
	   - Guns: 588 tons, 5.9 %
	   - Weapons: 11 tons, 0.1 %
	Armour: 3,257 tons, 32.6 %
	   - Belts: 581 tons, 5.8 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 1,554 tons, 15.6 %
	   - Armament: 353 tons, 3.5 %
	   - Armour Deck: 689 tons, 6.9 %
	   - Conning Tower: 80 tons, 0.8 %
	Machinery: 2,636 tons, 26.4 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 1,250 tons, 12.5 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 2,251 tons, 22.5 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  10,494 lbs / 4,760 Kg = 41.0 x 8.0 " / 203 mm shells or 4.7 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.80
	Metacentric height 7.0 ft / 2.1 m
	Roll period: 10.5 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 78 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.22
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.57

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has rise forward of midbreak,
	  a ram bow and a cruiser stern
	Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.552 / 0.567
	Length to Beam Ratio: 6.06 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 20.00 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 51 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -10.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: -3.00 ft / -0.91 m
	Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
				Fore end,	 Aft end
	   - Forecastle:	15.00 %,  22.00 ft / 6.71 m,  19.00 ft / 5.79 m
	   - Forward deck:	25.00 %,  19.00 ft / 5.79 m,  19.00 ft / 5.79 m
	   - Aft deck:	50.00 %,  11.00 ft / 3.35 m,  11.00 ft / 3.35 m
	   - Quarter deck:	10.00 %,  11.00 ft / 3.35 m,  14.00 ft / 4.27 m
	   - Average freeboard:		14.53 ft / 4.43 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 115.4 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 93.3 %
	Waterplane Area: 18,459 Square feet or 1,715 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 96 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 116 lbs/sq ft or 566 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 1.02
		- Longitudinal: 2.19
		- Overall: 1.10
	Cramped machinery, storage, compartmentation space
	Adequate accommodation and workspace room
	Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
	Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather

8"/40 Mark 5 (260lb/118kg x125 2.8/min)
Turrets 12" face, 6" roof, 7" sides, 4" rear
5"/40 Mark 3 (50lb/22.7kg x250 12/min)
Casemates: 6" face, 2" splinter bulkheads between guns
3"/50 Mark 2 (13lb x250 20/min)
6-pdr Mark 6 (Driggs-Schroeder RF Mark 1)
1-pdr Mark 2 (Driggs-Schroeder Heavy Mark 1)

Main belt covers 3ft above and 2ft below waterline, 8" over citadel, narrows to 4" at ends, backed by 4" and 2" double bottom layers. Coal bunker closed by internal bulkhead provides splinter protection.
3ft double bottom curves up to meet the belt. On hull sides double bottom is reinforced with 2" on inside and 4" tapering to 2" on outside. Double bottom continues behind main belt and stops at armoured deck.
Conning Tower is diamond shaped to maximise armour protection against enemies ahead or abeam.
Everything is electrically powered, as ACR-3 Brooklyn has shown that electrical systems are superior to steam-driven systems.