#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define pi acos(-1.0)
//cout << fixed << setprecision(8) << a << endl;
//cout << "Case " << ca << ": " << ans << endl;
#define Fast_Input ios_base :: sync_with_stdio(false),cin.tie(NULL),cout.tie(NULL);
const int mx = 1e5+5;
vector < long long > a(mx);
int main()
{
    int t;
    scanf("%d",&t);
    while(t--)
    {
        int n,q,i,j,c,sum2=0;
        scanf("%d%d",&n,&q);
        for(i=1; i<=n; i++)
        {
            long long int x;
            scanf("%lld",&x);
            c=0;
            while(x>1)
            {
                if(x%2==0)
                {
                    x=x/2;
                    c++;
                }
                else
                {
                    x--;
                    c++;
                }
            }
            a[i]=a[i-1]+c;
        }
        for(i=1; i<=q; i++)
        {
            int y,z;
            cin >> y >> z;
            printf("%d\n",a[z]-a[y-1]);
        }

    }
    return 0;
}