2019-11-02 Saturday: 6 Food

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all classes.
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Homework this week:

Write a postcard from a real or imaginary vacation. You can use the example on p. 65 for reference. Try to use grammar and vocabulary from this unit.
Read p. 75 and do parts 3, 4, and 5 on p. 74
part 3
1 chocolate
2 drug
3 energy
4 food and drinks
5 sleep cycle
part 4
makes you more alert
relieves pain
reduces asthma symptoms
increases reaction speed
is habit-forming
raises blood pressure
increases the risk of heart disease
part 5
1 People work by the clock, not by the sun.
2 Electric lights and caffeine
3 The body won’t function at its best.
4 (It’s not a paradox, but a vicious cycle.) People need caffeine to stay awake because they don’t get enough sleep because they drink caffeine.
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Tell your partner about one of the best meals and one of the worst meals you’ve ever had.
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https://disgustingfoodmuseum.com/
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p. 70 - Read “Pizza with a pedigree”
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32010R0097 - full official EU documentation of “Pizza Napoletana”
connoisseur = expert in something (usually very specific), literally “knower”
	Usually we think of connoisseurs as having refined tastes and spending a lot of effort to find the best of something.
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Which basic pizza ingredient was definitely not on the pizza in 997?
Tomatoes are from the Americas.
What other common basic ingredients come originally from “here”?
- potatoes
- corn
- avocado
- cranberries
- pumpkin
- pineapple
- peppers
- chocolate
- vanilla
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Grammar: Modals for advice and recommendations

modal verbs: always go with another verb (in the base form), always the first verb, always the same form
	will, would, may, might, can, could, shall, should, must, had better, ought to
similar expressions: function like other verbs, but similar meaning to modals, usually with infinitive
	be going to, have to, be able to, be allowed to, be supposed to
	(Similar expressions change for he/she/it, they can be in different tenses, they don’t have to be first.)
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obligation/necessity/this is your only choice:
	You have to leave. You must do that. You need to learn.
no obligation/this is not your only choice (you have other options):
	You don’t have to leave. You don’t need to learn.
negative obligation/this is NOT an option:
	You must not do that. You can’t do that.

advice/this is your best option:
	You should practice every day. You ought to do this by yourself. You had better take it with you.
negative advice/this is NOT your best option/this is a bad choice:
	You shouldn’t leave that open. You had better not do that. (If you do, there will be consequences.)

permission/this is an option (that I’m permitting you):
	You may go to the bathroom. You can go now. You’re allowed to park here.
no permission/prohibition/this is not an option:
	You may not leave now. You can’t go. You’re not allowed to park over there.

possibility/this is an option for you to think about:
	You could take a bus. You can take a train.
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BREAK
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FOOD
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 p. 71 part 5 - Rewrite the food labels using the correct modals.
1 Vegetarians can eat this food.
2 People with nut allergies shouldn’t (/ can’t) eat this.
3 You shouldn’t exceed the recommended daily intake of salt.
4 You are not allowed to buy this sample product.
  This food is not allowed to be sold. (passive)
5 You have to heat this thoroughly before serving it.
6 Diabetics shouldn’t eat this product.
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“diabetic” is both an adjective and a noun (for a diabetic person).
“allergic” is only an adjective
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thorough = careful and complete
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English is difficult. It can be understood through tough thorough thought, though.
	= …, but you can understand it if you think about it hard and carefully.
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For me, these are pronounced differently, but for many people they are the same:
cot/caught
bot/bought
not/naught
hottie/haughty
tot/taught
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http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/12/101209-chocolate-obesity-science-mind-diet-weight-loss-eat-food/ - National Geographic article about this research
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/330/6010/1530.full.pdf - Science magazine article about the research (if you register for free you can see the article)
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p. 72 part 4 - Listen and match the parts of each sentence
1 I’ll believe it when I see it.
2 If you don’t train your mind, you won’t be able to lose weight.
3 I won’t find out unless I try.
4 When I want to eat a snack, I’ll try just imagining it.
5 I’ll never have to buy chocolate again if this technique works.
6 As soon as it starts working, I’ll let you know.
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Grammar: First conditional = future real conditional

form: if + [present], [future] / [future] + if + [present]
	If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.
	If it’s raining when I wake up tomorrow, I’m staying home.
	If it hasn’t stopped by tomorrow, you’ll need to call the doctor.
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p. 73 part 7 - Complete the sentences with the correct verb forms.
1 believe, will be
2 will need, want
3 don’t buy, won’t be able
4 find, will you let
5 go, will check
6 will give up, do
7 don’t try, will never know
8 will you do, doesn’t work
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The same present/future rule exists for all conditoinals and time clauses.

If I get home tonight, I’ll cook dinner. = I don’t know whether I’ll get home tonight (or tomorrow). In the condition that I do get home tonight, I’ll cook.
When I get home tonight, I’ll cook dinner. = I will get home tonight, and then I’ll cook.

Unless you learn this grammar, you won’t pass to the next level.
Until you learn this grammar, you won’t pass to the next level.

I’ll call you after I get back. = I’ll get back, and then some time later I’ll call you.
I’ll call you when I get back. = I’ll call pretty soon after I get back.
I’ll call you as soon as I get back. = The first thing I’ll do is call you.
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Tense rule: don’t use future grammar in time or conditional clauses
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p. 73 part 9 - Make sure you understand all of these words and expressions.
cut down on = reduce
cut out = remove (from “in” something like a diet)
give up = stop doing something (e.g. smoking)
take up = start doing or practicing something (especially a habit or hobby)
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Some phrasal verbs are separable, which means the object can go between the parts of the verb.
Put on the jacket. = Put the jacket on.
If the object is a pronoun, it must go between the parts of a separable phrasal verb.
Put it on. (NOT Put on it.)
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Homework: units 5-6 test (If you graduate today, you don’t have to do the test.)