M269 Ukraine m269 balkans l23 Middle East l51 Spain z2103 caucasus l51 rhone-rhine z2103 steppe

Los millares l51 links to east e.g. tholoi leyla tepe z2103 links to eastern Anatolia north ubaid period monuments e.g. arslantepe

El portalon

Piggyback on the farmers hypothesis

Check where tomenable or gerhard says Bell Beakers separate metallurgical elite because of their secret knowledge

BBs move into and appropriate cultures they come across

Cord in beaker pottery picked up from corded ware in Rhineland in reflux model

Taurid dinaric type amongst BBs originally Middle Eastern

Swastika spread mezin to vinca to halaf/samarra/ubaid

Euphratic

low degree of genetic differentiation between non-IE speaking Iron age Iberians and IE-speaking Iron Age Iberians, support the idea of IE language introduction via migrations during the early Iron Age.

Leila tepe first Caucasian metallurgy, los millares first Western European metallurgy

Where ever metallurgists existed, they isolated themselves as an elite group as metallurgy knowledge gave them social power

Los Millares warlike

Sumerians and Indus Valley Dravidian (word for city in Dravidian is “Ur”). Dravidians = Iranian farmers

Areni 1

Gobekli Tepe and oldest wooden statue in Steppe similarities

Ubaid social castes r1b=pastoralists

Vinca ubaid similarities - childe thought ubaid to vinca but vinca older

Lots of R1b Balkans iron gates

Copper spread vinca to halaf/samarra/ubaid (and maybe proto writing/figurines)

Red hair mummies (Egypt, Peru, Armenia)

Anthropomorphic “kurgan” stelae in caucasus southern France Saudi Arabia comment origin therefore west asian

M269 diversity Middle Eastern

L51 earliest split subclade southern French

Z2103 earliest split subclade Armenian

Western ie only associated with u152 (Italo celtic, adopted from Hungarian Yamnaya) and germanic (u106, adopted from battle axe). Both adoptions from beaker metallurgical elite domination.

Anatolian expansion also went across the aegean and across the Adriatic with Minoan and Etruscan (language links both to Anatolian too)

Bell beakers metallurgical caste-elite, warlike, shows in los millares

Satemisation took place on the late steppe

R1b developed in the epigravettian, hence villabruna and iron gates

Armenia ChL red hair pale skin blue eyes EHG admix signs of this movement of m269

Why did Western European metallurgy start in southern Spain before e.g. northern spain? Only explainable by mediterranean route

When l51 moved to the Rhine, when corded ware arrived, triggered migration like volkerwanderung

Kura araxes migration of z2103 south of caucasus Anatolian + gutian, migration of z2103 north of caucasus = Yamnaya

Coon brachycephaly Central Europe beaker dolichocephaly Spanish beakers = r1b vs i2 BUT signs of brachycephaly among Spanish elite (i.e. r1b among spanish elite too)

Z2103 one branch spread across Europe, South Asia, west Asia; another branch entirely limited to west Asia. Also, why so much z2103 in west Asia if only from Indo Iranians (which was mainly r1a)?

Euphratic?

m269 two children, l23 and another one that has a mostly balkan presence (i.e. one branch of m269 migrated to Middle East, other remained in balkans)

Yamnaya and corded ware clearly not l51, so where could l51 have come from but the west?

If z2103 Middle Eastern, l23 Middle Eastern surely, and so m269 must have migrated to Middle East

Other similarities between vinca and halaf/samarra/ubaid signs of m269 migration (e.g. figurines)

Yamnaya closest steppe r1b relative, but close is a relative term as there is at least 2000 years of separation based on y dan phylogeny

ATP3 Iberia ChL m269?

Change in brachycephaly from bell beaker to unetice due to admix of corded ware?

https://i.imgur.com/scFbZpS.png

https://jpst.it/1tJ-h

Amerindian swastika, red hair, metallurgy, check email to Japanese, Native American R1b subclades still unknown, spread of pyramids

Triskelion =r1b v88?

Spread of horse, wheel, carts, chariots, cattle

Y dna q spread from Central Asia to Middle East, India and North America related to links between Caucasian(q1a/b) & hattic(q1b1), dene-Yeniseian (q1a), and burushaki languages(q1b2). (Consider whether spread into Middle East was from Indo Iranians; also consider spread of y dna R2; consider link to Malta R* boy and Indo-Uralic)