2019-04-10 Grammar: demonstratives intro

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all classes
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Homework: p. 320 exercise 7 - Add articles (or the zero article) to complete these sensences. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
1 the
2 a
3 A (“I think it was your English teacher” = I don’t know which one, so we can’t use “the”)
4 the
5 some/a/-
6 the
7 some/-
8 a/the
9 a) The
  b) a
  c) a
  d) a (we don’t know which police officer)
  e) the
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the police (always with “the”, always plural)
a police officer (if we don’t both know which one)
the police officer (if we both know which one)
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Demonstratives, articles, and pronouns
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p. 333 - With your partner, complete the sentences with “this”, “that”, or “it”. Then write four more lines of the conversation.
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Demonstratives can be determiners or pronouns
	(determiners go at the beginning of noun phrases)
	(pronouns replace noun phrases)
determiner: Have you read this book? Did you see those dogs?
pronoun: Have you read this? Those were important.
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this - near, singular or noncount
that - far, singular or noncount
these - near, plural
those - far, plural
here/now = near
there/then = far

“Near” and “far” can also be about the speaker’s feeling about the situation.
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Demonstratives are not usually repeated for the same person or thing. Use the demonstrative to tell the listener which one(s), and then use personal pronouns or articles after that.
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p. 335 exercise 1 - Complete the sentences with demonstratives, pronouns, or articles.
2 a them (not “these” because the demonstrative was already used)
  b these (now I’m holding some particular folders from the group) / those (if you’re holding them)
  c the / this (if I hold it up)
  d the / this (if I hold it up)
  e these (if I’m holding them) / those (if you’re holding them) / the (if neither of us is holding them)
  f this / that
  g that / this
3 a It
  b a (laptop vs. desktop in general) / the (specific laptop vs. desktop of this brand) / this (this laptop vs. another laptop)
  c It / this (maybe; if you said “a” or “the” before)
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Homework: p. 337 exercise 2 - Identify the demonstratives and what they refer to in these sentences.