2017-09-14 Grammar: this and that

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
---
Homework: p. 335-336 exercise 1
2 a them
  b these
  c the/this
  d the/this
  e the/these (They’re still “these” near “here”, as in the first sentence of this paragraph.)
  f the/this
  g the/this
3 a It
  b the/a (laptop instead of a desktop) OR this (instead of another kind of laptop)
  c It/This
4 a It
  b the
  c Those/The
  d they
  e the
  f The/This/That
  g the/those
5 a this (if the speaker is holding it) / that (if the speaker is pointing at it) / the (if there’s only one fountain pen around) / a (if the speaker is surprised that anyone uses a fountain pen)
  b It / this (if the speaker has just picked it up)
  c It
  d it
  e it
	(b, c, d, or e could be “this”, if that’s the first sentence the speaker says while holding the pen)
---
p. 337 exercise 2 - Circle the demonstratives and underline what each one refers to.
---
That that “that that” had had “had had” after it had made the sentence confusing.
---
Using “this” or “that” often means it’s the most important information in the new sentence.
Using “it” means something else is emphasized.
---
A: I think it’s going to rain.
B: I don’t believe that. = I don’t believe it’s going to rain.
B: I don’t believe it. = I’m surprised by that information.
---
If “it” could mean a physical object, we generally use “that” to refer back to a whole sentence or idea.
---
Homework (optional): p. 339 exercise 3