2018-10-27 Saturday: 12 Experts

Greg Malivuk
[email protected] (I only check this from school.)
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
2018-10-27 Saturday: 12 Experts
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Homework: finish the conversation if you didn’t in class. Then write about it with reported speech.
	Also: read p. 147 and do parts 4, 5, 6 on p. 146 (in part 6, decide exactly where the new sentence will go)
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part 4
1 T
2 F - The samurai decreased during a long period of peace.
3 T
4 F
5 T
part 5
1 appeal
2 overcoming
3 fierce
4 battle-weary (“weary” means exhausted)
5 savage
6 unarmed (“armless” means no arms on their body)
7 threat
8 lone (“lone” can be before the noun, “alone” comes after a linking verb like “be”)
part 6
1 Bushido - at the end of the paragraph
2 Samurai history - after “might never have existed” (“these men” = “wealthy landowners”)
3 Samurai identity - after “and went to the theater” (“also” means it comes after other activities)
4 Samurai today - after “and TV dramas”
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p. 142 - What is an expedition? What things should you bring on an expedition?
part 1 - with your partner, make sure you understand everything in the box, and also add other things you think are important on an expedition.
- water filter / purification tablets
- something waterproof
- bug spray / insect repellent
- sunglasses
- lighter / matches / flint and steel
- canned food
- hat
- sunblock
- rain coat
- first aid kit
- hiking boots
- light (flashlight or headlamp)
- compass and map
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Read about Emma and Beth.
part 6 - Listen to their stories and answer the questions.
What is a tracker?
- Someone who knows how to follow animals (or people) through the wilderness.
“off the beaten path/track” = doing something less popular (for example traveling to places most tourists don’t go)
eye-opener = an experience that makes you understand something for the first time
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p. 143 - Who probably said each sentence?
1 Emma
2 Beth
3 Beth
4 Emma
5 Beth
6 Emma
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Grammar: “should have” and “could have”
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We should have taken more repellent. = It was a good idea, but we didn’t do it.
We shouldn’t have put up our tents in that spot. = It was a bad idea, but we did it.
We could have been killed. = This was possible, but it didn’t happen.
We couldn’t have avoided the insects. = This was not possible, so it didn’t happen.
	(Even if we did something else, like bring more repellent or camp somwhere else, the insects still would have been a problem.)
(We might not have survived. = It was possible to die, but we survived.)
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part 10 - Complete the paragraph with “should have”, “shouldn’t have”, “could have”, and “couldn’t have” and the correct forms of the verbs.
1 shouldn’t have eaten
2 couldn’t have felt
3 should have had
4 should have taken
5 could have died
I should have taken it right away, but I didn’t. - There was a negative consequence to not taking it.
	(“should have” and “shouldn’t have” usually mean the speaker regrets what happened)
I could have taken it right away, but I didn’t. - It was possible, but I may not regret waiting.
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I wish I’d bought a MegaMillions ticket. I could have won.
	- unreal. It was possible to win (with a ticket), but it didn’t happen (because no ticket)
Help me find my MegaMillions ticket. I could have won.
	- real. I think it’s really possible that I won, but I need to find the ticket to check. (like unit 8)
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BREAK
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Pronunciation: modals + “have”
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should have -> should’ve -> shoulda
could have -> could’ve -> coulda
shouldn’t have -> shouldn’t’ve -> shouldna
couldn’t have -> couldn’t’ve -> couldna
would have -> would’ve -> woulda
might have -> might’ve -> mighta
wouldn’t have -> wouldn’t’ve -> wouldna
*might not have -> might not’ve -> might notta
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In groups, tell your partners about a time when you made a mistake or had a problem with one of the things in the box in part 12 (or something else).

I could have hit another car. (active)
I could have been hit by another car. (passive)
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“The Man Who Ate His Boots” - What sort of story do you think this is?
What connects these words?
expedition
route
tragedy
starvation
frostbite
sleds
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How do people deal with the arctic environment?
p. 144 part 2 - Read the first paragraph and answer these questions
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https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/10/131025-antarctica-south-pole-scott-expedition-science-polar/
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Grammar: third conditional = past unreal conditional
We could have been killed if the guides hadn’t noticed the elephants.
We couldn’t have avoided the insects even if we had gone at a different time of year.
Explorers could have avoided starvation, frostbite, and even death if they had copied the survival techniques of the Inuit.
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form: if + past perfect, would/could/might + have + past participle
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meaning: a guess about an imagined situation that didn’t really happen

They could have avoided problems if they had copied the Inuit.
= They couldn’t avoid problems because they didn’t copy the Inuit. (use simple past for the real situation)

If they had learned to build igloos, the explorers would have been warm.
= They didn’t learn to build igloos, so they weren’t warm.

If the explorers had worn sealskin, they wouldn’t have suffered from frostbite.
= They didn’t wear sealskin, so they suffered from frostbite.

Parry’s men wouldn’t have been as healthy if they hadn’t eaten the salads.
= They were healthy because they ate the salads.
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I failed the test because I didn’t study.
= I wouldn’t have failed the test if I had studied.
	I would have passed the test if I’d studied.

It was raining, so I stayed at home.
= If it hadn’t been raining, I wouldn’t have stayed at home.
	If it had been good weather, I would have gone out.
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p. 145 exercise 9 - Match the pairs of sentences, then write third conditionals for each one.
1 b - If we had planned everything better, the vacation wouldn’t have been a disaster.
2 c - If we had known how to read the road signs, we wouldn’t have gotten lost.
3 e - If we had taken a phrase book, we could have asked for help.
4 d - If the local people hadn’t given us directions, we wouldn’t have found the way back to the main road.
5 f - If we hadn’t forgotten to check the museum opening times, we might have bought tickets ahead of time.
6 a - If we hadn’t gotten there too late, we could have gotten into the museum.
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Homework: 11-12 test (The test and a link to the answer form are at http://bit.do/gmalivuksaturdaytest)
- I will not teach on Saturdays next session, so if you want this test graded, you have to do it online, and if you want to see corrections on your last writing, email me and I can scan your corrected homework and send it to you this week.